Kherson
Kherson (Ukrainian: Херсо́н, IPA: [xerˈsɔn] (
listen); Russian: Херсо́н, IPA: [xʲɪrˈson]) is a city in southern Ukraine. It functions as the administrative center of Kherson Oblast. Designated as a city of oblast significance. Kherson is an important port on the Black Sea and on the Dnieper River, and the home of a major ship-building industry. As of 2015 it had a population of 286,958 (2020 est.)[2]
.
Kherson
Херсон | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Kherson Location of Kherson  Kherson Kherson (Ukraine) | |
| Coordinates: 46°38′0″N 32°35′0″E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast |  Kherson Oblast |
| City Raions | Kherson City Dneprovski rayon Suvorovski rayon Komsomolski rayon |
| Founded | 18 June 1778 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ihor Kolykhaiev[1] (We have to live here[1]) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 135.7 km2 (52.4 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 46.6 m (152.9 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 286,958 |
| • Density | 2,100/km2 (5,500/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 73000 |
| Area code(s) | +380 552 |
| Website | city |
Since 2014, Kherson has housed the office of the Ukrainian President's representative in the Crimea.[3]
Demographics
Ethnicity
As of Ukrainian National Census (2001), the ethnic groups living within Kherson were:
- Ukrainians – 76.6%
- Russians – 20.0%
- Other – 3.4%
The ethnic groups living within Kherson as of the 1926 Census:
- Ukrainians – 36%
- Russians – 36%
- Jews – 25%
- Belorussians – 0.2%
- Germans – 0.4%
Languages
| Languages | 1897[4] | 2001[5] |
|---|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 19.6% | 53.4% |
| Russian | 47.2% | 45.3% |
| Yiddish | 29.1% | |
| Polish | 1.7% | |
| German | 0.7% |
Population
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1790 | 24,000 |
| 1926 | 58,000 |
| 1939 | 97,000 |
| 1959 | 158,000 |
| 1981 | 361,000 |
| 2004 | 354,000 |
| 2007 | 329,000 |
| 2020 | 283,338 |
Administrative divisions
There are three city raions.
- Suvorov Raion, central and oldest district of the city, named after the Russian General Suvorov. Includes department's: Tavrіjs'kij, Pіvnіchnij and Mlini.
- Dnipro Raion, named after the Dnieper river. Includes departments: HBK, Tekstilny, Sklotara, Slobіdka, Voyenka, Skhіdny.
- Korabelny Raion. Includes department's: Shumensky, Korabel, Zabalka, Sukharne, Zhitloselishche, Selishche — 4, Selishche — 5.
Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, Kherson has a humid continental climate (Dfa).[6]
| Climate data for Kherson (1981–2010, extremes 1955–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.2 (59.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.7 (72.9) |
32.0 (89.6) |
37.7 (99.9) |
39.5 (103.1) |
40.5 (104.9) |
40.7 (105.3) |
36.4 (97.5) |
32.0 (89.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
17.2 (63.0) |
40.7 (105.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) |
2.3 (36.1) |
7.7 (45.9) |
15.7 (60.3) |
22.4 (72.3) |
26.5 (79.7) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.9 (84.0) |
22.9 (73.2) |
15.6 (60.1) |
7.6 (45.7) |
2.8 (37.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
20.4 (68.7) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
10.4 (50.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −4.5 (23.9) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
4.9 (40.8) |
10.2 (50.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
16.8 (62.2) |
16.1 (61.0) |
11.3 (52.3) |
6.0 (42.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
5.7 (42.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.3 (−15.3) |
−24.4 (−11.9) |
−20.2 (−4.4) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
9.2 (48.6) |
6.6 (43.9) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
−22.2 (−8.0) |
−26.3 (−15.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30 (1.2) |
29 (1.1) |
28 (1.1) |
32 (1.3) |
41 (1.6) |
57 (2.2) |
47 (1.9) |
36 (1.4) |
45 (1.8) |
36 (1.4) |
38 (1.5) |
35 (1.4) |
453 (17.8) |
| Average rainy days | 9 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 10 | 114 |
| Average snowy days | 11 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 4 | 8 | 39 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86 | 83 | 78 | 69 | 66 | 66 | 63 | 62 | 69 | 77 | 85 | 87 | 74 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 62.0 | 84.8 | 148.8 | 213.0 | 269.7 | 309.0 | 325.5 | 319.3 | 231.0 | 136.4 | 84.0 | 34.1 | 2,217.6 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.8 | 7.1 | 8.7 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 7.7 | 4.4 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 6.1 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 2004–2012)[8] | |||||||||||||
Transport
Rail
Kherson Railway Station
Kherson is connected to the national railroad network of Ukraine. There are daily long-distance services to Kyiv, Lviv and other cities.
Air
Kherson is served by Kherson International Airport providing both passport and customs control. It operates a 2,500 x 42-meter concrete runway, accommodating Boeing 737, Airbus 319/320 aircraft, and helicopters of all series.
The official airport website is http://www.airport.kherson.ua and additional info can be found at http://www.aisukraine.net.
Education
Kherson Marine school
There are 77 high schools as well as 5 colleges. There are 15 institutions of higher education.
- Kherson State University of Agriculture
- Kherson State University
- Kherson National Technical University
- International University of Business and Law
Main sights
- The Church of St. Catherine – was built in the 1780s, supposedly to Ivan Starov's designs, and contains the tomb of Prince Potemkin.
- Jewish cemetery – Kherson has a large Jewish community which was established in the mid-nineteenth century.[9] From 1959 until 1990 there was no synagogue in Kherson. Since then, both Jewish life and Kherson have really grown and developed in an atmosphere of peace.[10] Nevertheless, the Jewish cemetery has regularly suffered from acts of vandalism. The graves have been repeatedly covered with trash and the tombstones destroyed and desecrated. On 6 April 2012, an act of vandalism occurred at the Jewish cemetery on one of the most important festival in the Jewish calendar, the festival of Passover. The fire, which was set intentionally, immediately spread over an area of about 700 square meters and caused severe damage to the graves and tombstones.[11]
- Kherson TV Tower – a famous construction located in the city.
- Adziogol Lighthouse – a hyperboloid structure designed by V.G.Shukhov, 1911
Notable people
- Georgy Arbatov (1923–2010), political scientist.[12]
- Maximilian Bern, writer and editor
- Sergei Bondarchuk, Soviet, Ukrainian-born film director, screenwriter, and actor.
- Lev Davidovitch Bronstein, better known as Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist was born in the village of Bereslavka, Kherson Governorate in 1879.
- Ivan Abramovich Gannibal (1735–1801), founder of the city
- Yefim Golïshev (1897–1970), painter and composer associated with the Dada movement in Berlin.
- Nikolai Grinko, Ukrainian Soviet-era film actor
- Kateryna Handziuk, Ukrainian civil rights and anti-corruption activist (1985–2018)
- John Howard (died in Kherson in 1790)
- Mircea Ionescu-Quintus, Romanian politician, writer, and jurist
- Pavlo Ishchenko (born 1992), Ukrainian-Israeli boxer
- Oleksandr Karavayev, Ukrainian football player
- Evgeny Kucherevsky, Ukrainian football coach of Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk (died 2006)
- Larisa Latynina, Soviet gymnast who was the first female athlete to win nine Olympic gold medals
- Tatiana Lysenko, Soviet and Ukrainian gymnast who won the gold medal on the balance beam at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.
- Samuel Moiseyevich Maykapar (1867-1938), pianist
- Sergei Polunin, Ukrainian ballet dancer
- Prince Grigory Potemkin (1739–1791), founder of the city
- Salomon Rosenblum, later known as Lieutenant Sidney Reilly, a secret agent and international adventurer and playboy who was at one time employed by the British Secret Intelligence Service. He is reputed to be the inspiration for Ian Fleming's spy character, James Bond.
- Moshe Sharett, the 2nd Prime Minister of Israel (1953–1955)
- Sergei Stanishev, 49th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (C)
- Prince Alexander Suvorov (1730–1800), founder of the city
- David Tyshler (1927–2014), Ukrainian/Soviet Olympic bronze medalist fencer
- Mikhail Yemtsev, science fiction writer
Twin cities
References
- (in Ukrainian) The mayor of Kherson became the people's deputy majoritarian, Ukrayinska Pravda (16 November 2020)
- "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
- Official website Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Presidential representative of Ukraine in Crimea.
- Национальный состав населения городов (по языку) Archived 13 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine Всероссийская перепись населения 1897
- Ukrainian census in Kherson Oblast. State Statistics Service.
- Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11: 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2012.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). May 2011. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- "Klimatafel von Chersson (Kherson) / Ukraine" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
- "KHERSON". JewishEncyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
- Zalman, Nelson. "Anti-Semitic Incitement, Poor Economy Have Kherson's Jews Worried". Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
- "Вандалы подпортили светлый еврейский праздник Песах". Bagnet.org. Archived from the original on 10 April 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
- Levy, Clifford J. "Georgi A. Arbatov, a Bridge Between Cold War Superpowers, Is Dead at 87" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 2 October 2010. Accessed 4 October 2010.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kherson. |
 |
Look up kherson in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Pictures of Kherson
- Kherson city administration website (in Ukrainian)
- Kherson patriots (in Ukrainian)
- Kherson info&shopping (in Russian)
- Kherson Photos (in Russian)
- The murder of the Jews of Kherson during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.
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1Claimed and controlled by Russia as the Republic of Crimea and the Federal City of Sevastopol 2Regions are partly controlled by Pro-Russian separatists states of Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic | |
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