Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales

For lands administrative purposes, New South Wales is divided into 141 counties, which are further divided into parishes. The counties were first set down in the Colony of New South Wales, which later became the Australian state of New South Wales.

The 141 counties of New South Wales, with the original Nineteen shown in pink
The parishes of Cumberland County

The counties were further subdivided into 7,419 parishes. There are also three land divisions, approximately one hundred land districts, and several other types of districts as well as land boards used at various periods. There were also thirteen hundreds proclaimed in Cumberland County, which were later abolished. These divisions are part of the lands administrative divisions of Australia. Unlike the local government areas of New South Wales, which have gone through restructuring periods by the government, the counties have been the same since the nineteenth century.[1]

Creation of county areas

1832 map showing the nine counties in use before Thomas Mitchell surveyed the Nineteen Counties in 1834
1872 map showing the 19 populated counties

The first county proclaimed was Cumberland on 6 June 1788. Northumberland was named in 1804. Several other counties were established around Sydney; by the 1820s there were nine counties (see 1828 and 1832 maps). They were: Roxburgh, Northumberland, Durham, Westmoreland, Cumberland, Argyle, Camden, Ayr and Cambridge. They were in the approximate area of the present day cadastral units except that some of them were larger and took up land which was in 1834 assigned to other counties. Ayr and Cambridge were not used in the 1834 counties, taking up area which is approximately in what became Macquarie County and Brisbane County.

Instructions were given to Governor Brisbane in 1825 to survey New South Wales and divide it into counties of various sizes, hundreds, and parishes between 15 and 25 square miles (40 and 65 km²). The Nineteen Counties were surveyed by Thomas Mitchell in 1834. Thirteen hundreds were proclaimed in Cumberland county, but not in anywhere else in New South Wales, and these were repealed in 1888.

As the counties are based on area, rather than population, there are huge differences in the populations of the coastal counties with those for the remote west. The whole of Sydney with several million people is located within Cumberland County, while there are many counties for areas in the Far West which have a very low population.

Use

The counties have little official function and are only now used for land titles and geographic surveying, and as an area of coverage within some industrial awards. Yancowinna County is also legally the only part of the state in the South Australian time zone.

Genealogy records from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries for New South Wales commonly use the town name followed by the county. The 1911 Britannica lists all towns in New South Wales the same way, such as Albury, Goulburn county,[2] Broken Hill, Yancowinna county[3] and Wagga-Wagga, Wynyard county.[4]

Early land districts

Parts of the land which were outside the Nineteen Counties were divided into squatting districts in the early nineteenth century . In 1846 New South Wales was divided into settled districts, intermediate districts and unsettled districts.[5] In 1861 the system of settled and unsettled districts were abolished with the Crown Lands Acts,[6] while new types of districts called first and second class settled districts, as well as town land and suburban land came into being. The various districts used:

  • Albert District (west of the Darling River). Erected 4 November 1851. Warrego District was split off in 1862.
  • Bligh District, east of the Macquarie River. Erected 22 May 1839. (1841 population of 402, with 118,341 sheep and 24,064 cattle) [7] In 1852, it was described as being 5 million acres (20,000 km²), with 140,000 sheep, 40,000 cattle and 2,000 horses.[8]
  • Clarence River District. Erected 1 March 1842, from Port Macquarie District. In 1852, it was described as being 5 million acres (20,000 km²), with 200,000 sheep, 40,000 cattle and 2,000 horses.[8]
  • Gwydir District (Moree area). Erected 4 Dec 1847, subdivided from Liverpool Plains district.
  • Lachlan District – between the Lachlan River and Murrumbidgee River. Erected 22 May 1839. (1841 population of 792, with 111,154 sheep and 57,920 cattle) [7]
  • Liverpool Plains District. Erected 22 May 1839; Gwydir was split off in 1847. (1841 population of 1012, with 230,102 sheep, 102,738 cattle and 1045 horses) [7] In 1852, it was described as being larger than 10 million acres (40,000 km²), with 400,000 sheep, 220,000 cattle and 4,000 horses.[8] There was an Electoral district of Liverpool Plains in the same area in the nineteenth century, and the Liverpool Plains Shire is the modern shire.
  • Lower Darling District (east of the Darling River). Erected 4 December 1847; later called simply Darling.
  • Maneroo District (south coast, now called Monaro) - south of the Moruya River and Queanbeyan River, and east of the Murrumbidgee River. Erected 22 May 1839. (1841 population of 1554, with 230,130 sheep, 78,473 cattle and 2133 horses) [7] In 1852, it was described as having 400,000 sheep, 115,000 cattle and 5,000 horses.[8]
  • Macleay River District. Erected 1 March 1842 from out of Port Macquarie District.
  • Murrumbidgee District (between the Murrumbidgee and Murray rivers). Erected 22 May 1839. (1841 population of 1139, with 180,654 sheep and 62,848 cattle) [7] In 1852, it was described as being 12 million acres (49,000 km²), with 400,000 sheep, 100,000 cattle and 3,000 horses.[8]
  • New England District. Erected 22 May 1839. (New England region (1841 population of 702 with 201,926 sheep and 13,830 cattle) [7]
  • Port Macquarie District. (1841 population of 287, with 11,642 sheep and 5,885 cattle).[7] Erected 22 May 1839. Subdivided into Clarence and Macleay in 1842.
  • Warrego District (between Darling River and Queensland border in the north). Erected 8 August 1862, from out of Albert District.
  • Wellington District, between the Lachlan River and Macquarie River. Erected 22 May 1839. (1841 population of 656, with 119,441 sheep and 26,370 cattle) [7]

Land divisions, boards and districts

The key from a typical cadastral map from the 1890s showed four types of subdivisions; the parish, county, land district and land division. This one is located in the County of Wallace

The Crown Lands Act of 1884 further divided New South Wales into three land divisions; Western, Central and Eastern; as well as Land Boards and Land Districts. This 1890 map shows 14 land boards and 95 land districts; while a 1907 map shows 13 land boards and 103 land districts. The new land districts were different from the previous land districts which had mostly been used in the western areas of the state before counties were proclaimed there. The land boards were named after the location of the head office. The table below shows the land districts used in 1890 and 1907 (some of the locations of the land boards changed and there were new land districts), with the land boards and land divisions:

Land District Land Board (1890) Land Board (1907) Land Division
AlburyWagga WaggaWagga WaggaEastern
ArmidaleArmidaleArmidaleEastern
Balranald SouthHayHayCentral
BalranaldHayWesternWestern
Barmedman EastForbesCentral
BarmedmanForbesCentral
BathurstOrangeOrangeEastern
BegaCoomaGoulburnEastern
BellingenGraftonEastern
BerrimaSydneyEasternEastern
BingaraMoreeMoreeCentral
BombalaCoomaGoulburnEastern
BoorowaGoulburnGoulburnEastern
BourkeBourkeWesternWestern
BraidwoodGoulburnGoulburnEastern
BreewarrinaBourkeWesternWestern
Breewarrina EastBourkeCentral
CampbelltownSydneyEastern
CarcoarOrangeOrangeEastern
CasinoGraftonGraftonEastern
CassillisMaitlandEastern
CobarBourkeWesternWestern
Cobar EastBourkeCentral
CondobolinForbesForbesCentral
CoomaCoomaGoulburnEastern
CoonabarabranTamworthTamworthCentral
CoonambleDubboDubboEastern
CootamundryWagga WaggaWagga WaggaEastern
Cootamundry CentralWagga WaggaEastern
CorowaWagga WaggaWagga WaggaCentral
CowraOrangeOrangeEastern
DeniliquinHayHayCentral
DubboDubboDubboEastern
DungogMaitlandMaitlandEastern
EdenCoomaGoulburnEastern
ForbesForbesForbesCentral
Glen InnesArmidaleArmidaleEastern
GosfordSydneyMaitlandEastern
GoulburnGoulburnGoulburnEastern
GraftonGraftonGraftonEastern
GrenfellForbesForbesCentral
GundagaiWagga WaggaWagga WaggaEastern
GunnedahTamworthTamworthCentral
GunningGoulburnGoulburnEastern
Hay NorthHayWesternWestern
HayHayHayCentral
Hillston NorthHayWesternWestern
HillstonHayHayCentral
InverellArmidaleArmidaleEastern
KempseyGraftonGraftonEastern
KiamaSydneySydneyEastern
LismoreGraftonGraftonEastern
LithgowSydneyOrangeEastern
LiverpoolSydneyEastern
MaitlandMaitlandMaitlandEastern
MetropolitanSydneySydneyEastern
MiltonSydneySydneyEastern
MolongOrangeOrangeEastern
MoreeMoreeMoreeCentral
MoruyaSydneyEastern
MudgeeOrangeOrangeEastern
MurrurundiTamworthTamworthEastern
MurwillumbahGraftonGraftonEastern
MuswellbrookMaitlandMaitlandEastern
NarrabriTamworthMoreeCentral
NarranderaWagga WaggaHayCentral
NewcastleMaitlandMaitlandEastern
NowraSydneySydneyEastern
NynganDubboEastern
OrangeOrangeOrangeEastern
ParkesForbesForbesCentral
ParramattaSydneySydneyEastern
PatersonMaitlandEastern
PenrithSydneySydneyEastern
PictonSydneySydneyEastern
Port MacquarieMaitlandGraftonEastern
QueanbeyanCoomaGoulburnEastern
Raymonod TerraceMaitlandEastern
RylstoneOrangeOrangeEastern
SconeMaitlandMaitlandEastern
SingletonMaitlandMaitlandEastern
StroudMaitlandMaitlandEastern
TamworthTamworthTamworthEastern
TareeMaitlandMaitlandEastern
TenterfieldArmidaleArmidaleEastern
Tumbarumba NorthWagga WaggaEastern
TumbarumbaWagga WaggaEastern
TumutWagga WaggaWagga WaggaEastern
UranaWagga WaggaWagga WaggaCentral
Wagga WaggaWagga WaggaWagga WaggaCentral
WalchaArmidaleArmidaleEastern
Walgett NorthMoreeWesternWestern
WalgettMoreeMoreeCentral
WarialdaMoreeMoreeCentral
WarrenDubboEastern
WellingtonOrangeOrangeEastern
WentworthHayWesternWestern
WilcanniaBourkeWesternWestern
WindsorSydneySydneyEastern
WollombiMaitlandEastern
WollongongSydneySydneyEastern
WyalongForbesCentral
YassGoulburnGoulburnEastern
YoungGoulburnWagga WaggaEastern

Table of counties

[9]

CountyYear of
erection
number of
parishes
Coordinates
Argyle18215034°46′41″S 149°45′21″E
Arrawatta18627029°21′2″S 151°3′53″E
Ashburnham18506033°16′12″S 148°26′9″E
Auckland18435536°54′42″S 149°41′20″E
Baradine18627830°38′35″S 148°54′11″E
Barrona18842829°59′33″S 144°49′2″E
Bathurst18296733°35′8″S 149°7′45″E
Benarba186210229°14′28″S 149°12′45″E
Beresford18484936°5′18″S 149°14′11″E
Bland18626534°9′7″S 147°39′14″E
Blaxland18629232°50′3″S 146°1′39″E
Bligh18294732°6′46″S 149°42′26″E
Booroondarra18843631°48′7″S 145°5′44″E
Bourke18625534°32′19″S 147°4′54″E
Boyd18623934°41′31″S 145°44′27″E
Brisbane18295832°2′33″S 150°41′1″E
Buccleuch18483535°18′21″S 148°25′13″E
Buckland18483331°25′23″S 150°34′51″E
Buller18504528°38′4″S 152°23′20″E
Burnett18625629°21′52″S 150°30′56″E
Cadell18622835°49′29″S 144°36′39″E
Caira18628034°29′15″S 143°44′24″E
Camden18055534°28′10″S 150°30′6″E
Canbelego18755231°16′16″S 146°41′27″E
Clarence18484029°35′33″S 153°4′57″E
Clarendon18503634°52′42″S 147°39′40″E
Clarke18625130°19′15″S 152°5′27″E
Clive18505429°11′29″S 151°56′12″E
Clyde18628030°22′37″S 147°10′41″E
Cook18294533°30′53″S 150°24′32″E
Cooper18627634°15′28″S 146°25′53″E
Courallie18625429°37′11″S 149°53′20″E
Cowley18482335°26′20″S 148°48′38″E
Cowper186211730°34′23″S 146°17′54″E
Culgoa18844629°14′57″S 146°23′50″E
Cumberland17885733°48′54″S 150°57′59″E
Cunningham18625932°56′3″S 147°15′6″E
Dampier18484136°7′47″S 149°49′57″E
Darling18503630°35′17″S 150°42′11″E
Delalah18842329°16′45″S 143°10′7″E
Denham18624429°56′2″S 148°33′22″E
Denison18623135°34′35″S 145°51′21″E
Dowling18625133°27′22″S 146°22′18″E
Drake18503929°11′51″S 152°31′41″E
Dudley18483730°54′2″S 152°35′23″E
Durham18296332°19′30″S 151°17′59″E
Evelyn18844130°4′37″S 141°32′55″E
Ewenmar18625331°40′59″S 148°18′50″E
Farnell18843431°4′23″S 141°21′18″E
Finch187512029°31′6″S 148°4′2″E
Fitzgerald18843130°22′18″S 143°37′35″E
Fitzroy18624630°5′18″S 152°46′56″E
Flinders18627131°57′51″S 146°48′33″E
Forbes18623833°42′5″S 148°14′10″E
Franklin18624433°25′25″S 145°12′3″E
Georgiana18295934°1′42″S 149°29′6″E
Gipps18627133°30′57″S 147°12′45″E
Gloucester18297932°15′3″S 151°59′38″E
Gordon18503932°39′37″S 148°39′2″E
Gough18626329°38′30″S 151°39′0″E
Goulburn18503835°46′21″S 147°17′9″E
Gowen18505131°28′54″S 148°59′55″E
Gregory18629131°7′26″S 147°36′11″E
Gresham18503329°49′14″S 152°24′11″E
Gunderbooka18754529°51′35″S 145°53′17″E
Harden18504234°40′34″S 148°16′43″E
Hardinge18624530°11′51″S 151°12′52″E
Hawes18483931°33′16″S 151°44′8″E
Hume18624335°42′16″S 146°39′40″E
Hunter18296432°52′35″S 150°38′53″E
Inglis18502230°53′59″S 151°3′38″E
Irrara18844729°22′21″S 145°2′40″E
Jamison18626430°2′14″S 149°24′15″E
Kennedy18626132°34′20″S 147°35′17″E
Kilfera18841533°50′32″S 143°42′4″E
Killara18755330°53′50″S 144°1′36″E
King18294834°30′50″S 149°3′59″E
Landsborough18752530°24′44″S 144°46′26″E
Leichhardt186210530°41′54″S 148°17′48″E
Lincoln18505232°8′20″S 148°58′55″E
Livingstone18625432°19′38″S 143°5′3″E
Macquarie18306231°31′1″S 152°30′47″E
Manara18844333°6′55″S 143°49′9″E
Menindee18622932°30′27″S 141°45′53″E
Mitchell18624035°9′31″S 146°57′11″E
Monteagle18503534°9′23″S 148°24′22″E
Mootwingee18843930°59′2″S 142°4′36″E
Mossgiel18848732°46′55″S 144°55′34″E
Mouramba18846432°4′39″S 146°1′16″E
Murchison18624829°59′19″S 150°34′20″E
Murray18295435°18′20″S 149°17′40″E
Nandewar18623330°32′44″S 150°10′28″E
Napier18502931°39′35″S 149°33′12″E
Narran18759729°29′51″S 147°10′51″E
Narromine18624632°16′44″S 148°1′16″E
Nicholson18627033°46′0″S 145°33′6″E
Northumberland18046833°0′13″S 151°15′39″E
Oxley18624331°46′43″S 147°29′57″E
Parry18483531°14′2″S 151°2′19″E
Perry18625833°8′12″S 142°50′18″E
Phillip18294532°31′21″S 149°57′6″E
Poole18841229°22′5″S 141°20′7″E
Pottinger18506431°13′23″S 150°1′30″E
Raleigh18483130°35′17″S 152°46′46″E
Rankin18753631°18′27″S 144°35′27″E
Richmond18483629°4′31″S 153°4′36″E
Robinson18844631°24′2″S 145°46′48″E
Rous18487428°36′46″S 153°12′27″E
Roxburgh18294833°9′22″S 149°49′39″E
Sandon18504430°33′4″S 151°41′4″E
Selwyn18624836°0′21″S 148°9′17″E
St Vincent18297635°19′44″S 150°10′21″E
Stapylton18625729°0′8″S 150°5′59″E
Sturt18624234°13′53″S 145°39′17″E
Taila18624234°18′50″S 142°54′21″E
Tandora18842731°58′31″S 142°20′37″E
Tara18625433°39′52″S 141°25′32″E
Thoulcanna18841929°17′52″S 144°5′32″E
Tongowoko18842029°18′19″S 142°15′42″E
Townsend186211135°17′23″S 145°0′23″E
Ularara18842929°49′31″S 143°38′3″E
Urana18627335°14′53″S 146°9′42″E
Vernon18484431°4′29″S 151°48′14″E
Wakool18629835°9′0″S 143°59′38″E
Waljeers18626033°42′5″S 144°30′1″E
Wallace18486536°16′20″S 148°40′27″E
Waradgery18628334°28′25″S 144°40′55″E
Wellesley18484936°46′53″S 149°1′52″E
Wellington18295932°50′50″S 149°16′1″E
Wentworth18627133°47′41″S 142°21′48″E
Werunda18753331°44′23″S 143°51′51″E
Westmoreland18144633°49′12″S 149°59′13″E
White18624730°44′0″S 149°22′45″E
Windeyer18624733°2′49″S 141°52′7″E
Woore18843232°12′12″S 144°25′39″E
Wynyard18505335°20′19″S 147°50′5″E
Yancowinna18845031°54′35″S 141°27′55″E
Yanda18755530°52′32″S 145°25′4″E
Yantara18843329°58′33″S 142°31′6″E
Young18755831°30′35″S 143°1′4″E
Yungnulgra18843930°52′59″S 142°57′31″E

See also

References

  1. "Parish and historical maps". Land & Property Information. Government of New South Wales. 2012. Archived from the original on 5 January 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  2. "Albury" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 01 (11th ed.). 1911.
  3. "Broken Hill" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 04 (11th ed.). 1911.
  4. "Wagga-Wagga" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). 1911.
  5. The Parish Map
  6. NSW Archives in Brief 93 - Background to conditional Purchase of Crown land Archived 2007-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
  7. Map of a portion of Australia showing the area of the twenty located counties of New South Wales, National Library of Australia, 1841.
  8. "Old Welsh Books with English Translations" Archived 2007-05-27 at Archive.today
  9. J. F. Atchison, 1980, ‘The counties of New South Wales’, in “The Australian Surveyor”, v.30, no.1, pp.32-43.
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