Latin American diaspora

Historically, Latin Americans have migrated to African countries over the course of colonization by Spain and in the aftermath of wars. Equatorial Guinea, whose official language is Spanish, experienced an influx of Spanish migrants as it was once a Spanish colony. Some Cuban soldiers who served in the Angolan Civil War stayed in Angola afterwards. Brazilians have moved to Angola and Mozambique, former Portuguese colonies, and modern officially Portuguese-speaking nations. Nigeria, the home of the Yoruba and Igbo cultures, experienced an influx of ex-slaves from Cuba and Brazil brought there as indentured servants during the 17th century, and again during the 19th century; Equatorial Guinea received Afro-Cuban slaves. In Equatorial Guinea, they became part of the Emancipados; in Nigeria, they were called Amaros. Despite being free to return to Cuba and Brazil when their tenure was over, they remained in these countries marrying into the local native population.

Canada and the United States are popular destinations for Latin American immigrants. The United States is home to 55 million Hispanic and Latino Americans, representing 16% of the US population. Meanwhile, Canada is home to over 300,000 Latino and Hispanic residents. (These numbers are majority descendants and minority immigrants)

Latin American migration to Europe is the diaspora of Latin Americans to the continent of Europe, dates back to their independence from Spain and Portugal. Latin Americans in Europe are a rapidly growing group consisting of immigrants from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela.

Over 3 million Latin Americans lived in Europe, mostly in Spain, which has around 3.1 million people residents and/or citizens born in the Americas as of 2020. They represent over 6% of the population of Spain, yet less than 1% of the total population of the European Union. Portugal also has a sizable Brazilian population.

Latin Americans migrate to the European Union for the following reasons:

• Common language and cultural proximity to Spain and Portugal.
• Cultural ties to Italy as well due to historically massive Italian immigration to Latin America.
• Family ties both in Spain and other European countries which grant right to citizenship at origin.
• Favorable naturalization laws for all Hispanic Americans in Spain, regardless of ancestry.
• European countries commonly have multicultural societies and there is no feeling of Hispanophobia as observed in other countries.[28][29][30]
• Universities are tuition-free or significantly cheaper than other countries (like the United States).
• Study loans are widely available.

Mexicans[31] and Peruvians[32] have immigrated to the Philippines since Spanish colonial rule. One in three inhabitants of the Filipino island of Luzon have partial Latino descent.[33] Furthermore, about 1.2 million citizens of Zamboanga City, Mindanao, speak Chavacano, a creole language based on Mexican-Spanish.[34]

Corroborating these Spanish era estimates, an anthropological study published in the Journal of Human Biology and researched by Matthew Go, using physical anthropology, concluded that 12.7% of Filipinos can be classified as Hispanic (Latin-American Mestizos or Malay-Spanish Mestizos), 7.3% as Indigenous American, African at 4.5% and European at 2.7%. Thus, as much as 20% of those sampled bodies, which were representative of the Philippines, translating to about 20 Million Filipinos, can be physically classified as Latin-American in appearance.[4]

The most significant Latino diaspora in Japan is Peruvian, followed by the Bolivian and Brazilian diaspora. Migration of South Americans to Japan was significant after the Second World War. Peruvian, Brazilian, and Bolivian settlers in Japan are largely, but not exclusively of Japanese blood; migration of Brazilian settlers to Japan represented the largest number of Portuguese speakers in Asia, greater than those of formerly Portuguese East Timor, Macau and Goa combined. Because of common language and cultural proximity, a number of Brazilians settled Macau, others in East Timor and Goa.

Chile, Colombia and El Salvador have significant diasporas in Australia.[35]

The most significant Latin American diasporas in New Zealand are Brazilian, Chileans, Argentinians, Colombians, Mexicans, Uruguayans, Venezuelans, and Bolivians.[36][37]

The Latin American diaspora in Easter Island is Chilean, 39% of Easter Islander population were mainland Chileans (or their Easter Island-born descendants) or mestizos (primarily indigenous Chilean blood with little European mixtures, or their Easter Island-born descendants) and Easter Island-born mestizos of Chilean and Rapa Nui and/or native Chilean descent, and the remaining 1% were indigenous mainland native Chileans (or their Easter Island-born descendants).

The countries of Latin America seek to strengthen links between migrants and their states of origin, while promoting their integration in the receiving state. These Emigrant Policies focus on the rights, obligations and opportunities for participation of emigrated citizens who already live outside the borders of their country of origin. Citizens' rights are the most important policy area, followed by social policies that expand welfare functions beyond state borders. Research on Latin America shows that the extension of policies towards migrants is linked to a focus on civil rights and state benefits that can positively influence integration in recipient countries. Some states actively help their emigrated citizens to integrate into local society. Such policies can reduce the cost of integration for emigrants - and provide untapped potential for cooperation between countries of origin and destination. In addition, the tolerance of dual citizenship has spread more in Latin America than in any other region of the world.[38]

• Latin Americans
• Latin American culture
• Migration from Latin America to Europe