List of extremely severe cyclonic storms
Behind super cyclonic storms, extremely severe cyclonic storms are the second-highest classification on the India Meteorological Department (IMD)'s intensity scale. There have been 31 of them since reliable records began in 1960. The most recent extremely severe cyclonic storm was Cyclone Maha in the 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season.
Background
The North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin is located to the north of the Equator, and encompasses the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula.[1] The basin is officially monitored by the India Meteorological Department's Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in New Delhi.[1] Within the basin an extremely severe cyclonic storm is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds between 90–119 knots (165–220 km/h; 105–135 mph).[1]
Systems
| Name | Dates as a tropical cyclone |
Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two | May 18 – 29, 1963 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 947 hPa (27.96 inHg) | No land areas | 0 | None | [2][3] |
| Unnamed | November 1 – 11, 1966 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 961 hPa (28.38 inHg) | [4] | |||
| Unnamed | October 21 – 28, 1968 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) | [5] | |||
| Unnamed | November 7 – 8, 1969 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Andrah Pradesh | 200 | [6] | |
| Bhola | November 8 – 13, 1970 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 966 hPa (28.53 inHg) | India, Bangladesh | [7] | ||
| Unnamed | October 29 – 30, 1971 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) | [8] | |||
| Elsie | September 8 – 9, 1972 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 957 hPa (28.26 inHg) | [9] | |||
| Flossie | September 21 – 22, 1972 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) | [9] | |||
| Unnamed | October 21 – 23, 1975 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) | [10] | |||
| Unnamed | June 9 – 13, 1977 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) | [11] | |||
| Unnamed | November 17 – 18, 1977 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) | [11] | |||
| Unnamed | November 8 – 9, 1978 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | [12] | |||
| Unnamed | May 11 – 12, 1979 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 936 hPa (27.64 inHg) | [13] | |||
| BOB 01 | May 3 – 5, 1982 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | Not Specified | Myanmar | 5 | Moderate | [14] |
| BOB 02 | June 3, 1982 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) | [14] | |||
| ARB 15 | November 8, 1982 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 962 hPa (28.41 inHg) | India | 341 | Unknown | [14] |
| BOB 06 | November 8 – 9, 1983 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | Not Specified | [14] | |||
| BOB 05 | November 12 – 14, 1984 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | Not Specified | India | ≥430 | Moderate | [14][15] |
| BOB 06 | November 30 – December 1, 1984 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | India, Somalia | 0 | Unknown | [14] |
| BOB 07 | November 17, 1988 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | Not Specified | [14] | |||
| "Bangladesh" | November 25 – 29, 1988 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | Not Specified | Bangladesh, India | 6,240 | $13 million | [14] |
| Forrest | November 15 – 22, 1992 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 952 hPa (28.11 inHg) | Bangladesh, Myanmar | 2 | Unknown | [14][16][17][18] |
| BOB 02 | December 1 – 4, 1993 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | India | 70 | $216 million | [14][19][20] |
| "Bangladesh" | April 26 – May 2, 1994 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Bangladesh, Myanmar | 350 | $125 million | [14][21][22][23] |
| BOB 07 | November 21 – 25, 1995 | 190 km/h (115 mph) | 956 hPa (28.23 inHg) | Sumatra, Myanmar, Bangladesh | 172 | Unknown | [14][24][25][26] |
| "Bangladesh" | May 14 – 20, 1997 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) | Bangladesh | 1,146–1296 | Significant | [14][27][28] |
| "Gujarat" | June 13 – 15, 1998 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) | India | 4,000–10,000 | $3 billion | [14][29][30][31] |
| "Pakistan" | May 16 – 22, 1999 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 946 hPa (27.94 inHg) | Pakistan | 700 | $6 million | [14][32] |
| BOB 05 | October 15 – 19, 1999 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | India | >80 | Unknown | [14][33][34] |
| BOB 05 | November 26 – 30, 2000 | 190 km/h (115 mph) | 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) | West India, Somalia | 12 | >$12 million | [14][35][36] |
| "Sri Lanka" | December 23 – 28, 2000 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Sri Lanka, India | 9 | Minimal | [37][38][35][14] |
| "India" | May 21 – 28, 2001 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 932 hPa (27.52 inHg) | Western India, Myanmar, Andaman Islands | 900 | Minimal | [14][39] |
| "Myanmar" | May 16 – 19, 2004 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 952 hPa (28.11 inHg) | Myanmar | 236 | $99.2 million | [14][40][41][42] |
| Mala | April 24 – 30, 2006 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 954 hPa (28.17 inHg) | Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand | 37 | $6.7 million | [14][43][44] |
| Sidr | November 11 – 16, 2007 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) | Bangladesh, West Bengal, Northeast India | 15,000 | $2.21 billion | [14][45][46] |
| Nargis | April 27 – May 3, 2008 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 962 hPa (28.41 inHg) | Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Yunnan | 138 373 | $12.9 billion | [14][47][48] |
| Giri | October 20 – 23, 2010 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Yunnan | 157 | $359 million | [14] |
| Phailin | October 8 – 14, 2013 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Malay Peninsula, Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, India, Myanmar, Nepal | 45 | $4.26 billion | [14] |
| Hudhud | October 7 – 14, 2014 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, India, Nepal | 124 | 3.58 billion | [14] |
| Nilofar | October 28 – 29, 2014 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | India, Pakistan | 0 | Minor | [14] |
| Chapala | October 30 – November 2, 2015 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Oman, Somalia, Yemen | 9 | $100 million | [14] |
| Megh | November 8, 2015 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) | Oman, Somalia, Yemen | 18 | Unknown | [14] |
| Mekunu | May 25, 2018 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Yemen, Oman, Saudi Arabia | 26 | [49] | |
| Fani | April 30 – May 3, 2019 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 932 hPa (27.52 inHg) | Sumatra, Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Bhutan | 89 | 8.1 billion | [50] |
| Maha | October 30 – November 7, 2019 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 956 hPa (28.23 inHg) | Sri Lanka, Southern India, Maldives, Western India, Oman | 0 | Minor | |
Climatology
| Month | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| January | 0 |
| February | 0 |
| March | 0 |
| April | 4 |
| May | 7 |
| June | 3 |
| July | 0 |
| August | 0 |
| September | 2 |
| October | 9 |
| November | 15 |
| December | 2 |
| Decade | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| 1960s | 2 |
| 1970s | 8 |
| 1980s | 8 |
| 1990s | 8 |
| 2000s | 7 |
| 2010s | 8 |
| 2020s | 0 |
See also
References
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