List of natural satellites

The Solar System's planets, and its most likely dwarf planets, are known to be orbited by at least 218 natural satellites, or moons. 19 of them are large enough to be gravitationally rounded; of these, all are covered by a crust of ice except for Earth's Moon and Io.[1] Several of the largest ones are in hydrostatic equilibrium and would therefore be considered dwarf planets or planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun and not in their current states (orbiting planets or dwarf planets).

Moons are classed in two separate categories according to their orbits: regular moons, which have prograde orbits (they orbit in the direction of their planets' rotation) and lie close to the plane of their equators, and irregular moons, whose orbits can be pro- or retrograde (against the direction of their planets' rotation) and often lie at extreme angles to their planets' equators. Irregular moons are probably minor planets that have been captured from surrounding space. Most irregular moons are less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in diameter.

The earliest published discovery of a moon other than the Earth's was by Galileo Galilei, who discovered the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. Over the following three centuries only a few more moons were discovered. Missions to other planets in the 1970s, most notably the Voyager 1 and 2 missions, saw a surge in the number of moons detected, and observations since the year 2000, using mostly large, ground-based optical telescopes, have discovered many more, all of which are irregular.

Moons by primary

Some moons, minor planets and comets of the Solar System to scale
Selected moons, with Earth to scale. Nineteen moons are large enough to be round, and one, Titan, has a substantial atmosphere.
The number of moons discovered in each year until November 2019

Mercury, the smallest and innermost planet, has no moons, or at least none that can be detected to a diameter of 1.6 km (1.0 mi).[2] For a very short time in 1974, Mercury was thought to have a moon.

Venus also has no moons,[3] though reports of a moon around Venus have circulated since the 17th century.

Earth has one Moon, the largest moon of any rocky planet in the Solar System. Earth also has at least two co-orbitals: the asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 2002 AA29;[4] however, since they do not orbit Earth, they are not considered moons. (See Other moons of Earth and Quasi-satellite.)

Mars has two known moons, Phobos and Deimos ("fear" and "dread", after attendants of Ares, the Greek god of war, equivalent to the Roman Mars). Searches for more satellites have been unsuccessful, putting the maximum radius of any other satellites at 90 m (100 yd).[5]

Jupiter has 79 moons with known orbits, of which 72 have received permanent designations; of these, 57 have been named. Its eight regular moons are grouped into the planet-sized Galilean moons and the far smaller Amalthea group. They are named after lovers of Zeus, the Greek equivalent of Jupiter. Its 71 known irregular moons are organized into two categories: prograde and retrograde. The prograde satellites consist of the Himalia group and three others in groups of one. The retrograde moons are grouped into the Carme, Ananke and Pasiphae groups.

Saturn has 82 moons with known orbits; 53 of them have names. Most of them are quite small. Seven moons are large enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, including Titan, the second largest moon in the Solar System. Including these large moons, 24 of Saturn's moons are regular, and traditionally named after Titans or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn. The remaining 58, all small, are irregular, and classified by their orbital characteristics into Inuit, Norse, and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies. The rings of Saturn are made up of icy objects ranging in size from one centimetre to hundreds of metres, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. At least 150 "moonlets" embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.

Uranus has 27 moons, five of which are massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. There are 13 moons that orbit within Uranus's ring system, and another nine outer irregular moons. Unlike most planetary moons, which are named from antiquity, all the moons of Uranus are named after characters from the works of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope's work The Rape of the Lock.

Neptune has 14 moons; the largest, Triton, accounts for more than 99.5 percent of all the mass orbiting the planet. Triton is large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but, uniquely for a large moon, has a retrograde orbit, suggesting it was a dwarf planet that was captured. Neptune also has seven known inner regular satellites, and six outer irregular satellites.

Pluto, a dwarf planet, has five moons. Its largest moon Charon, named after the ferryman who took souls across the River Styx, is more than half as large as Pluto itself, and large enough to orbit a point outside Pluto's surface. In effect, each orbits the other, forming a binary system informally referred to as a double-dwarf-planet. Pluto's four other moons, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx are far smaller and orbit the Pluto–Charon system.[6]

Among the other dwarf planets, Ceres has no known moons. It is 90 percent certain that Ceres has no moons larger than 1 km in size, assuming that they would have the same albedo as Ceres itself.[7] Eris has one large known moon, Dysnomia. Accurately determining its size is difficult: one indicative estimate of its radius is 350±57.5 km,[8]

Two objects were named as dwarf planets, under the expectation that they would prove to be so (though this remains uncertain). Haumea has two moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka, of radii ~195 and ~100 km, respectively.[9] Makemake has one moon, discovered in April 2016.

A number of other objects in the Kuiper belt and scattered disk may turn out to be dwarf planets. 90482 Orcus was found to have a natural satellite, later named Vanth, in 2005.[10] 50000 Quaoar, 225088 Gonggong and 120347 Salacia all since been discovered to have moons.

As of August 2020, 309 asteroid moons and 119 trans-Neptunian moons (including those of Pluto and Haumea) had been discovered.[11]

Summary – number of moons
Planet Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
Number of moons 0 0 1 2 79 82 27 14
(Possible) dwarf Ceres Orcus Pluto Salacia Haumea Quaoar Make-
make
Gonggong Eris Sedna
Number of moons 0 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 0
Minor planet
See list

List

This is a list of the recognized moons of the planets and of the largest potential dwarf planets of the Solar System, ordered by their official Roman numeral designations. The 19 moons that are large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity are listed in bold. The seven largest moons, which are larger than any of the known dwarf planets, are listed in bold and italic. Sidereal period differs from semi-major axis because a moon's speed depends both on the mass of its primary and its distance from it.

Satellites of planets Satellites of dwarf planets
Satellite of Earth Satellites of Jupiter Satellites of Uranus Satellites of Pluto Satellite of Makemake
Satellites of Mars Satellites of Saturn Satellites of Neptune Satellites of Haumea Satellite of Eris
Image Parent Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d)
(r = retrograde)
Discovery year Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
EarthI (1)Moon1,737.1384,39927.321582PrehistoricSynchronous rotation[12]
MarsI (1)Phobos11.1±0.159,3800.3191877Hall[13][14][15]
MarsII (2)Deimos6.2±0.1823,4601.2621877Hall[13][14][15]
JupiterI (1)Io1,818.1±0.1421,8001.7691610GalileoMain-group moon (Galilean)[15][16]
JupiterII (2)Europa1560.7±0.7671,1003.5511610GalileoMain-group moon (Galilean)[15][16]
JupiterIII (3)Ganymede2,634.1±0.31,070,4007.1551610GalileoMain-group moon (Galilean)[15][16]
JupiterIV (4)Callisto2,408.4±0.31,882,70016.691610GalileoMain-group moon (Galilean)[15][16]
JupiterV (5)Amalthea83.5±2181,4000.4981892BarnardInner moon (Amalthea)[14][15][17]
JupiterVI (6)Himalia67±10[18]11,461,000250.561904PerrinePrograde irregular (Himalia)[14][15][19]
JupiterVII (7)Elara43 11,741,000259.641905PerrinePrograde irregular (Himalia)[14][15][20]
JupiterVIII (8)Pasiphae30 23,624,000743.63 (r)1908MelotteRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15][21]
JupiterIX (9)Sinope19 23,939,000758.90 (r)1914NicholsonRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15][22]
JupiterX (10)Lysithea18 11,717,000259.201938NicholsonPrograde irregular (Himalia)[14][15][23]
JupiterXI (11)Carme23 23,404,000734.17 (r)1938NicholsonRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][23]
JupiterXII (12)Ananke14 21,276,000629.77 (r)1951NicholsonRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][24]
JupiterXIII (13)Leda10 11,165,000240.921974KowalPrograde irregular (Himalia)[14][15][25]
JupiterXIV (14)Thebe49.3±2.0221,9000.6751979Synnott (Voyager 1)Inner moon (Amalthea)[14][15][26]
JupiterXV (15)Adrastea8.2±2.0129,0000.2981979Jewitt, Danielson (Voyager 1)Inner moon (Amalthea)[14][15][27]
JupiterXVI (16)Metis21.5±2.0128,0000.2951979Synnott (Voyager 1)Inner moon (Amalthea)[14][15][28]
JupiterXVII (17)Callirrhoe4.3 24,103,000758.77 (r)2000Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, GehrelsRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15][29]
JupiterXVIII (18)Themisto4 7,284,000130.021975/2000Kowal and Roemer (original); Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (rediscovery)Prograde irregular (Themisto)[14][15][30][31]
JupiterXIX (19)Megaclite2.7 23,493,000752.86 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15][32]
JupiterXX (20)Taygete2.5 23,280,000732.41 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXI (21)Chaldene1.9 23,100,000723.72 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXII (22)Harpalyke2.2 20,858,000623.32 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXIII (23)Kalyke2.6 23,483,000742.06 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXIV (24)Iocaste2.6 21,060,000631.60 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXV (25)Erinome1.6 23,196,000728.46 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXVI (26)Isonoe1.9 23,155,000726.23 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXVII (27)Praxidike3.4 20,908,000625.39 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXVIII (28)Autonoe2 24,046,000760.95 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)
JupiterXXIX (29)Thyone2 20,939,000627.21 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXX (30)Hermippe2 21,131,000633.9 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXI (31)Aitne1.5 23,229,000730.18 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXII (32)Eurydome1.5 22,865,000717.33 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXIII (33)Euanthe1.5 20,797,000620.49 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXIV (34)Euporie1 19,304,000550.74 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXV (35)Orthosie1 20,720,000622.56 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXVI (36)Sponde1 23,487,000748.34 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXVII (37)Kale1 23,217,000729.47 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXVIII (38)Pasithee1 23,004,000719.44 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXIX (39)Hegemone1.5 23,577,000739.88 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15]
JupiterXL (40)Mneme1 21,035,000620.04 (r)2003Gladman, AllenRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15]
JupiterXLI (41)Aoede2 23,980,000761.50 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15]
JupiterXLII (42)Thelxinoe1 21,164,000628.09 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15]
JupiterXLIII (43)Arche1.5 23,355,000731.95 (r)2002Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, TonryRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][33]
JupiterXLIV (44)Kallichore1 23,288,000728.73 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15]
JupiterXLV (45)Helike2 21,069,000626.32 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15]
JupiterXLVI (46)Carpo1.5 17,058,000456.302003Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, KleynaPrograde irregular (Carpo)[14][15]
JupiterXLVII (47)Eukelade2 23,328,000730.47 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15]
JupiterXLVIII (48)Cyllene1 23,809,000752 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15]
JupiterXLIX (49)Kore1 24,543,000779.17 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15]
JupiterL (50)Herse1 22,983,000714.51 (r)2003Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15]
JupiterLI (51)S/2010 J 11 23,314,300723.2 (r)2010Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman, AlexandersenRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterLII (52)S/2010 J 20.5 20,307,200588.1 (r)2010VeilletRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLIII (53)Dia2 12,118,000287.02000Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehPrograde irregular (Himalia)[34]
JupiterLIV (54)S/2016 J 13 20,595,500602.7 (r)2016SheppardRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLV (55)S/2003 J 181 20,274,000588.0 (r)2003Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLVI (56)S/2011 J 20.5 23,329,700726.8 (r)2011SheppardRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[34]
JupiterLVII (57)Eirene2 23,731,800759.7 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterLVIII (58)Philophrosyne1 22,820,000701.3 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[34]
JupiterLIX (59)S/2017 J 12 23,484,000734.2 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[34]
JupiterLX (60)Eupheme1 21,199,710627.8 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLXI (61)S/2003 J 191 22,757,000697.6 (r)2003Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterLXII (62)Valetudo0.5 18,928,100532.02016SheppardPrograde irregular (Valetudo)[34]
JupiterLXIII (63)S/2017 J 21 23,241,000723.8 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterLXIV (64)S/2017 J 31 20,639,300605.8 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLXV (65)Pandia1 11,494,800251.8 (r)2017SheppardPrograde irregular (Himalia)[34]
JupiterLXVI (66)S/2017 J 51 23,169,400720.5 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterLXVII (67)S/2017 J 61 22,394,700684.7 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[34]
JupiterLXVIII (68)S/2017 J 71 20,571,500602.8 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLXIX (69)S/2017 J 80.5 23,174,400720.7 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterLXX (70)S/2017 J 91 21,430,000640.9 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLXXI (71)Ersa1.511,453,000250.4 (r)2018SheppardRetrograde irregular (Himalia)[34]
JupiterLXXII (72)S/2011 J 10.5 20,155,300580.7 (r)2011SheppardRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterS/2003 J 161 20,512,500600.18 (r)2003Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][35]
JupiterS/2003 J 90.5 24,168,700767.6 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][36]
JupiterS/2003 J 21 20,554,400602.02 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15]
JupiterS/2003 J 41 22,048,600668.85 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15]
JupiterS/2003 J 101 23,008,000713.05 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Carme?)[14][15]
JupiterS/2003 J 120.5 21,557,700646.64 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15]
JupiterS/2003 J 231 24,678,100792.00 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15]
SaturnI (1)Mimas198.2±0.4185,5400.9421789HerschelMain-group moon[14][15]
SaturnII (2)Enceladus252.3±0.6238,0401.3701789HerschelMain-group moon[14][15]
SaturnIII (3)Tethys536.3±1.5294,6701.8881684CassiniMain-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)[14][15]
SaturnIV (4)Dione562.5±1.5377,4202.7371684CassiniMain-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)[14][15]
SaturnV (5)Rhea764.5±2.0527,0704.5181672CassiniMain-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)[14][15]
SaturnVI (6)Titan2,575.5±2.01,221,87015.951655HuygensMain-group moon[14][15]
SaturnVII (7)Hyperion138.6 1,500,88021.281848W.Bond, G. Bond, and LassellMain-group moon[14][15]
SaturnVIII (8)Iapetus734.5±4.03,560,84079.331671CassiniMain-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)[14][15]
SaturnIX (9)Phoebe106.6±1.112,947,780550.31 (r)1899PickeringRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnX (10)Janus90.4±3.0151,4600.6951966Dollfus; Voyager 1 (confirmed)Inner moon (co-orbital)[14][15]
SaturnXI (11)Epimetheus58.3±3.1151,4100.6941966Walker; Voyager 1 (confirmed)Inner moon (co-orbital)[14][15]
SaturnXII (12)Helene16±4377,4202.7371980Laques, LecacheuxMain-group trojan[14][15]
SaturnXIII (13)Telesto12±3294,7101.8881980Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain (Voyager 1)Main-group trojan[14][15]
SaturnXIV (14)Calypso9.5±1.5294,7101.8881980Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, CurrieMain-group trojan[14][15]
SaturnXV (15)Atlas15.3±1.2137,6700.6021980Terrile (Voyager 1)Inner moon (shepherd)[14][15]
SaturnXVI (16)Prometheus46.8±5.6139,3800.6131980Collins (Voyager 1)Inner moon (shepherd)[14][15]
SaturnXVII (17)Pandora40.6±4.5141,7200.6291980Collins (Voyager 1)Inner moon (shepherd)[14][15]
SaturnXVIII (18)Pan12.8 133,5800.5751990Showalter (Voyager 2)Inner moon (shepherd)[14][15]
SaturnXIX (19)Ymir9 23,140,4001,315.58 (r)2000GladmanRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXX (20)Paaliaq11 15,200,000686.952000GladmanPrograde irregular (Inuit)[14][15]
SaturnXXI (21)Tarvos7.5 17,983,000926.232000Gladman, KavelaarsPrograde irregular (Gallic)[14][15]
SaturnXXII (22)Ijiraq6 11,124,000451.422000Gladman, KavelaarsPrograde irregular (Inuit)[14][15]
SaturnXXIII (23)Suttungr3.5 19,459,0001,016.67 (r)2000Gladman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXIV (24)Kiviuq8 11,110,000449.222000GladmanPrograde irregular (Inuit)[14][15]
SaturnXXV (25)Mundilfari3.5 18,628,000952.77 (r)2000Gladman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXVI (26)Albiorix16 16,182,000783.452000Holman, SpahrPrograde irregular (Gallic)[14][15]
SaturnXXVII (27)Skathi4 15,540,000728.20 (r)2000Gladman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXVIII (28)Erriapus5 17,343,000871.192000Gladman, KavelaarsPrograde irregular (Gallic)[14][15]
SaturnXXIX (29)Siarnaq20 18,015,400896.442000Gladman, KavelaarsPrograde irregular (Inuit)[14][15]
SaturnXXX (30)Thrymr3.5 20,314,0001,094.11 (r)2000Gladman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXXI (31)Narvi3.5 19,007,0001,003.86 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXXII (32)Methone1.6194,4401.0102004Porco, Charnoz, Brahic, Dones (Cassini–Huygens)Alkyonide moon[15]
SaturnXXXIII (33)Pallene2 212,2801.1542004Gordon, Murray, Beurle, et al. (Cassini–Huygens)Alkyonide moon[15]
SaturnXXXIV (34)Polydeuces1.25 377,2002.7372004Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)Main-group trojan[15]
SaturnXXXV (35)Daphnis3.8±0.8136,5000.5942005Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)Inner moon (shepherd)[15]
SaturnXXXVI (36)Aegir3 20,751,0001,117.52 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXXVII (37)Bebhionn3 17,119,000834.842004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenPrograde irregular (Gallic)[14][15]
SaturnXXXVIII (38)Bergelmir3 19,336,0001,005.74 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXXIX (39)Bestla3.5 20,192,0001,088.72 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXL (40)Farbauti2.5 20,377,0001,085.55 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXLI (41)Fenrir2 22,454,0001,260.35 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXLII (42)Fornjot3 25,146,0001,494.2 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXLIII (43)Hati3 19,846,0001,038.61 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXLIV (44)Hyrrokkin4 18,437,000931.86 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnXLV (45)Kari3.5 22,089,0001,230.97 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnXLVI (46)Loge3 23,058,0001,311.36 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnXLVII (47)Skoll3 17,665,000878.29 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnXLVIII (48)Surtur3 22,704,0001,297.36 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnXLIX (49)Anthe1 197,7001.03652007Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)Alkyonide moon[37]
SaturnL (50)Jarnsaxa3 18,811,000964.74 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnLI (51)Greip3 18,206,000921.19 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnLII (52)Tarqeq3.5 18,009,000887.482007Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaPrograde irregular (Inuit)[15]
SaturnLIII (53)Aegaeon0.33 167,5000.8082008Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–HuygensG-ring moonlet[38][39]
SaturnS/2004 S 73 20,999,0001,140.24 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[14][15]
SaturnS/2004 S 122.5 19,878,0001,046.19 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[14][15]
SaturnS/2004 S 133 18,404,000933.48 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[14][15]
SaturnS/2004 S 172 19,447,0001,014.70 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[14][15]
SaturnS/2006 S 13 18,790,000963.37 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[15]
SaturnS/2006 S 33 22,096,0001,227.21 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[15]
SaturnS/2007 S 23 16,725,000808.08 (r)2007Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[15]
SaturnS/2007 S 33 18,975,000977.8 (r)2007Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[15]
SaturnS/2009 S 10.15 117,0000.4712009Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–HuygensB-ring moonlet[40]
SaturnS/2004 S 203 19,418,0001,010.55 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[41]
SaturnS/2004 S 213 22,645,0001,272.61 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[42]
SaturnS/2004 S 223 20,636,0001,107.13 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[43]
SaturnS/2004 S 234 21,163,0001,149.82 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[44]
SaturnS/2004 S 243 22,901,0001,294.252019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenPrograde irregular (group unknown, possibly Gallic?)[45]
SaturnS/2004 S 254 21,174,0001,150.69 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[46]
SaturnS/2004 S 264 26,676,0001,627.18 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[47]
SaturnS/2004 S 276 19,976,0001,054.45 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden, JacobsonRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[48]
SaturnS/2004 S 284 22,020,0001,220.31 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[49]
SaturnS/2004 S 294 16,981,000826.442019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenPrograde irregular (Inuit)[50]
SaturnS/2004 S 303 20,396,0001,087.84 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[51]
SaturnS/2004 S 314 17,568,000869.652019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenPrograde irregular (Inuit)[52]
SaturnS/2004 S 324 21,214,0001,153.96 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[53]
SaturnS/2004 S 334 24,168,0001,403.18 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[54]
SaturnS/2004 S 343 24,299,0001,414.59 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[55]
SaturnS/2004 S 356 22,412,0001,253.08 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[56]
SaturnS/2004 S 363 23,192,0001,319.07 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[57]
SaturnS/2004 S 374 15,892,000748.18 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[58]
SaturnS/2004 S 384 21,908,0001,211.02 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[59]
SaturnS/2004 S 393 23,575,0001,351.83 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[60]
UranusI (1)Ariel578.9±0.6190,9002.5201851LassellMain-group moon[14][15]
UranusII (2)Umbriel584.7±2.8266,0004.1441851LassellMain-group moon[14][15]
UranusIII (3)Titania788.9±1.8436,3008.7061787HerschelMain-group moon[14][15]
UranusIV (4)Oberon761.4±2.6583,50013.461787HerschelMain-group moon[14][15]
UranusV (5)Miranda235.8±0.7129,9001.4131948KuiperMain-group moon[14][15]
UranusVI (6)Cordelia20.1±349,8000.3351986Terrile (Voyager 2)Inner moon (shepherd)[14][15]
UranusVII (7)Ophelia21.4±453,8000.3761986Terrile (Voyager 2)Inner moon (shepherd)[14][15]
UranusVIII (8)Bianca25.7±259,2000.4351986Smith (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusIX (9)Cressida39.8±261,8000.4641986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusX (10)Desdemona32±462,7000.4741986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusXI (11)Juliet46.8±464,4000.4931986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusXII (12)Portia67.6±4.066,1000.5131986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusXIII (13)Rosalind36±669,9000.5581986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusXIV (14)Belinda40.3±875,3000.6241986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusXV (15)Puck81±286,0000.7621985Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusXVI (16)Caliban21 7,231,100579.73 (r)1997Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular[61][15]
UranusXVII (17)Sycorax78.5 12,179,4001,288.38 (r)1997Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular[61][15]
UranusXVIII (18)Prospero25 16,256,0001,978.29 (r)1999Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, SchollRetrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXIX (19)Setebos24 17,418,0002,225.21 (r)1999Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, SchollRetrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXX (20)Stephano10 8,004,000677.36 (r)1999Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, SchollRetrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXXI (21)Trinculo9 8,504,000749.24 (r)2001Holman, Kavelaars, MilisavljevicRetrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXXII (22)Francisco6 4,276,000266.56 (r)2001Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, GladmanRetrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXXIII (23)Margaret5.5 14,345,0001,687.012003Sheppard, JewittPrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXXIV (24)Ferdinand6 20,901,0002,887.21 (r)2001Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, et al.Retrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXXV (25)Perdita15 76,4170.6381999Karkoschka (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15]
UranusXXVI (26)Mab6 97,7360.9232003Showalter, LissauerInner moon[15]
UranusXXVII (27)Cupid9 74,3920.6132003Showalter, LissauerInner moon[15]
NeptuneI (1)Triton1,353.4±0.9354,8005.877 (r)1846LassellRetrograde irregular[14][15]
NeptuneII (2)Nereid178.5±6.55,513,820360.141949KuiperPrograde irregular[62][15]
NeptuneIII (3)Naiad33±348,2240.2941989Terrile (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
NeptuneIV (4)Thalassa41±350,0750.3111989Terrile (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
NeptuneV (5)Despina75±352,5260.3351989Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
NeptuneVI (6)Galatea88±461,9530.4291989Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
NeptuneVII (7)Larissa97±373,5480.5551981Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
NeptuneVIII (8)Proteus210±7117,6471.1221989Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
NeptuneIX (9)Halimede31 15,728,0001,879.71 (r)2002Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, MilisavljevicRetrograde irregular[14][15]
NeptuneX (10)Psamathe20 46,695,0009,115.91 (r)2003Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular[14][15]
NeptuneXI (11)Sao22 22,422,0002,914.072002Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, MilisavljevicPrograde irregular[14][15]
NeptuneXII (12)Laomedeia21 23,571,0003,167.852002Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, MilisavljevicPrograde irregular[14][15]
NeptuneXIII (13)Neso30 48,387,0009,373.99 (r)2002Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, MilisavljevicRetrograde irregular[14][15]
NeptuneXIV (14)Hippocamp17.4105,2830.93622013Showalter et al.Inner moon[63]
OrcusI (1)Vanth221±59,000±99.5392005Brown & SuerSynchronous rotation[64]
PlutoI (1)Charon606±0.519,5916.3871978ChristySynchronous rotation[14][15]
PlutoII (2)Nix19.348,67124.852005Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al.Chaotic rotation[14][15]
PlutoIII (3)Hydra19.564,69838.202005Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al.Chaotic rotation[14][15]
PlutoIV (4)Kerberos6.357,72932.172011Showalter (Hubble)Chaotic rotation[14][15][65][66]
PlutoV (5)Styx5.542,39320.162012Showalter (Hubble)Chaotic rotation[14][15][67]
SalaciaI (1)Actaea142±55,724±275.4942006Noll et al.[64]
HaumeaI (1)Hiʻiaka~160 49,88049.122005Brown et al.[9][68][69]
HaumeaII (2)Namaka~8525,65718.27832005Brown et al.[9][68][69]
QuaoarI (1)Weywot~8514,500±80012.4382007Brown[70]
MakemakeI (1)S/2015 (136472) 1~87.5 >21,000>12.42016Parker et al.[71][72]
GonggongI (1)Xiangliu<5024,020±20025.2212010Marton, Kiss & Müllerassuming a prograde orbit[73]
ErisI (1)Dysnomia350±60[8]37,273±6415.7862005Brown, Rabinowitz, Trujillo et al.SDO moon[74]

See also

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