List of political leaders who held active military ranks in office

This article lists national heads of government and heads of state who held an active military rank while in office.

Note that in many countries, the head of state office has an ex officio military rank; for example, the President of the United States is commander-in-chief of the armed forces. This list omits ex officio ranks.

Africa

Algeria

  1. Houari Boumediene (Colonel) (in office 19651976)
  2. Khaled Nezzar (Major General) (in office 19921994)

Benin

  1. Christophe Soglo (Colonel) (in office 19631964, 19651967)
  2. Alphonse Alley (Lieutenant Colonel) (in office 19671968)
  3. Maurice Kouandété (Lieutenant Colonel) (in office 19671968)
  4. Paul-Émile de Souza (Colonel) (in office 19691970)
  5. Mathieu Kérékou (MajorGeneral) (in office 19721991)

Burkina Faso

  1. Sangoulé Lamizana (Major General) (in office 19661980)
  2. Saye Zerbo (Colonel) (in office 19801982)
  3. Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo (Major) (in office 19821983)
  4. Thomas Sankara (Captain) (in office 19831987)
  5. Blaise Compaoré (Captain) (in office 19872014)
  6. Gilbert Diendéré (Brigadier General) (in office 2015)

Burundi

  1. Michel Micombero (ColonelLieutenant General) (in office 19661976)
  2. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza (Colonel) (in office 19761987)
  3. Pierre Buyoya (Major) (in office 19871993)

Central African Republic

  1. Jean-Bédel Bokassa (ColonelMarshal) (in office 19661979)
  2. André Kolingba (Major GeneralGeneral) (in office 19811993)
  3. François Bozizé (General) (in office 20032005)

Chad

  1. Félix Malloum (Brigadier General) (in office 19751979)

Comoros

  1. Combo Ayouba (Colonel) (in office 1995)
  2. Azali Assoumani (Colonel) (in office 19992002)

Republic of the Congo

  1. Marien Ngouabi (Major) (in office 19691977)
  2. Joachim Yhombi-Opango (Brigadier General) (in office 19771979)
  3. Denis Sassou-Nguesso (ColonelGeneral) (in office 19791992)

Egypt

  1. Mostafa Fahmy Pasha (Lieutenant General) (in office 18911893)
  2. Muhammad Naguib (Major General) (in office 19531954)
  3. Gamal Abdel Nasser (Colonel) (in office 19541970)
  4. Anwar El Sadat (Colonel) (in office 19701981)
  5. Hosni Mubarak (Air Chief Marshal) (in office 19812011)
  6. Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (Field Marshal) (in office 20112012)

Equatorial Guinea

  1. Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (Brigadier General) (in office 1979present)

Ethiopia

  1. Aman Andom (Lieutenant General) (in office 1974)
  2. Tafari Benti (Brigadier General) (in office 19741977)
  3. Mengistu Haile Mariam (Lieutenant Colonel) (in office 19771991)

The Gambia

  1. Yahya Jammeh (Colonel) (in office 19941996)

Ghana

  1. Joseph Arthur Ankrah (Lieutenant General) (in office 19661969)
  2. Akwasi Afrifa (Brigadier) (in office 19691970)
  3. Ignatius Kutu Acheampong (ColonelGeneral) (in office 19721978)
  4. Fred Akuffo (Lieutenant General) (in office 19781979)
  5. Jerry Rawlings (Flight Lieutenant) (in office JuneSeptember 1979, 19811992)

Guinea

  1. Lansana Conté (ColonelGeneral) (in office 19841991)
  2. Moussa Dadis Camara (Captain) (in office 20082009)
  3. Sékouba Konaté (Brigadier General) (in office 20092010)

Guinea Bissau

  1. João Bernardo Vieira (General) (in office 19801994)
  2. Ansumane Mané (Brigadier General) ((in office May 1999)
  3. Veríssimo Correia Seabra (General) (in office 20032004)
  4. Mamadu Ture Kuruma (Major General) (in office AprilMay 2012)

Ivory Coast

  1. Robert Guéï (Brigadier General) (in office 19992000)

Lesotho

  1. Justin Lekhanya (Major General) (in office 19861991)
  2. Elias Phisoana Ramaema (Major General) (in office 19911993)

Liberia

  1. Samuel Doe (Master SergeantField Marshal) (in office 19801990)

Libya

  1. Muammar al-Gaddafi (LieutenantColonel) (in office 19691979, de facto leader 19792011)

Madagascar

  1. Gabriel Ramanantsoa (Major General) (in office 19721975)
  2. Gilles Andriamahazo (Major General) (in office FebruaryJune 1975)
  3. Didier Ratsiraka (Rear AdmiralVice Admiral) (in office 19751993)
  4. Charles Rabemananjara (General) (in office 20072009)
  5. Albert Camille Vital (Brigadier General) (in office 20092011)

Mali

  1. Moussa Traoré (LieutenantGeneral) (in office 19681991)
  2. Amadou Toumani Touré (Lieutenant ColonelBrigadier General) (in office 19911992)
  3. Amadou Sanogo (CaptainGeneral) (in office 20122013)

Mauritania

  1. Mustafa Ould Salek (Colonel) (in office 19781979)
  2. Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly (Lieutenant Colonel) (in office 19791980)
  3. Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla (Colonel) (in office 19791984)
  4. Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (Colonel) (in office 19811992)
  5. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall (Colonel) (in office 20052007)
  6. Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz (Brigadier General) (in office 20082009)

Niger

  1. Seyni Kountché (Lieutenant ColonelMajor General) (in office 19741987)
  2. Ali Saibou (Brigadier General) (in office 19871993)
  3. Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara (Colonel) (in office 1996)
  4. Daouda Malam Wanké (Major) (in office AprilDecember 1999)
  5. Salou Djibo (ColonelLieutenant General) (in office 20102011)

Nigeria

  1. Nnamdi Azikiwe (in office 19631966)
  2. Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi (Major General) (in office JanuaryJuly 1966)
  3. Yakubu Gowon (Lieutenant ColonelGeneral) (in office 19661975)
  4. Murtala Mohammed (BrigadierGeneral) (in office 19751976)
  5. Olusegun Obasanjo (Lieutenant GeneralGeneral) (in office 19761979)
  6. Muhammadu Buhari (Major General) (in office 19831985)
  7. Ibrahim Babangida (Major GeneralGeneral) (in office 19851993)
  8. Sani Abacha (General) (in office 19931998)
  9. Abdulsalami Abubakar (General) (in office 19981999)

Rwanda

  1. Juvénal Habyarimana (Major General) (in office 19731992)
  2. Paul Kagame (MajorMajor General) (de facto 19942003)

São Tomé and Príncipe

  1. Manuel Quintas de Almeida (Lieutenant) (in office August 1995)
  2. Fernando Pereira (Major) (in office July 2003)

Sierra Leone

  1. Andrew Juxon-Smith (Brigadier) (in office 19671968)
  2. John Amadu Bangura (Brigadier) (in office 1968)
  3. Valentine Strasser (Captain) (in office 19921996) Solomon Musa (Lieutenant) (in office 19921993) Julius Maada Bio (Brigadier) (in office 19931995, JanuaryMarch 1996)
  4. Johnny Paul Koroma (Major) (in office 19971998)

Somalia

  1. Siad Barre (Major General) (in office 19691991)

Sudan

  1. Ibrahim Abboud (General) (in office 19581964)
  2. Gaafar Nimeiry (ColonelMajor General) (in office 19691985)
  3. Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab (GeneralField Marshal) (in office 19851986)
  4. Omar al-Bashir (BrigadierField Marshal) (in office 19892019)

Togo

  1. Kléber Dadjo (Colonel) (in office JanuaryApril 1967)
  2. Gnassingbé Eyadéma (Colonel→General) (in office 19672005)

Uganda

  1. Idi Amin (Major GeneralField Marshal) (in office 19711979)
  2. Bazilio Olara-Okello (Brigadier) (in office 1985)
  3. Tito Okello (Lieutenant GeneralGeneral) (in office 19851986)
  4. Yoweri Museveni (Lieutenant GeneralGeneral) (in office 19862003)

Zaire

  1. Mobutu Sese Seko (Lieutenant GeneralField Marshal) (in office 19651997)

Americas

Caribbean

Cuba

  1. Fulgencio Batista (SergeantColonel) (in office 19331940)

Dominican Republic

  1. Pedro Santana (GeneralCaptain General) (in office 18441848, 18531856, 18581862)
  2. Manuel Jimenes (General) (in office 18481849)
  3. Buenaventura Baez (General) (in office 18491853, 18561858, 18651866, 18681874)
  4. Manuel de Regla Mota (Division General) (in office MayOctober 1856)
  5. José Desiderio Valverde (General) (in office 18571858)
  6. Felipe Ribero y Lemoyne (Captain General) (in office 18621863)
  7. Carlos de Vargas Machuca y Cerveto (Captain General) (in office 18631864)
  8. José de la Gándara y Navarro (Captain General) (in office 18641865)
  9. José María Cabral (General) (in office AugustNovember 1865, 18661868)
  1. Rafael Trujillo (Brigadier GeneralGeneralissimo) (in office 19301961)

Haiti

  1. Toussaint Louverture (General) (in office 18011802).
  2. Alexandre Pétion (General) (in office 18071818)
  3. Charles Rivière-Hérard (Divisional general) (in office 18431844)
  4. Philippe Guerrier (in office 18441845)
  5. Jean-Louis Pierrot (General) (in office 18451846)
  6. Jean-Baptiste Riché (General) (in office 18461847)
  7. Faustin Soulouque (General) (in office 18471849)
  8. Fabre Geffrard (General) (in office 18591867)
  9. Sylvain Salnave (General) (in office 18671869)
  10. Nissage Saget (General) (in office 18691874)
  11. Michel Domingue (General) (in office 18741876)
  12. François Denys Légitime (General) (in office 18891889)
  13. Florvil Hyppolite (General) (in office 18891896)
  14. Tirésias Simon Sam (General) (in office 18961902)
  15. Pierre Nord Alexis (General) (in office 19021908)
  16. François C. Antoine Simon (Divisional general) (in office 19081911)
  17. Tancrède Auguste (General) (in office 19121913)
  18. Oreste Zamor (General) (in office FebruaryOctober 1914)
  19. Joseph Davilmar Théodore (in office 19141915)
  20. Vilbrun Guillaume Sam (in office FebruaryJuly 1915)
  21. Franck Lavaud (ฺBrigadier general) (in office MayDecember 1950)
  22. Paul Magloire (Major General) (in office 19501956)
  23. Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau (Brigadier general) (in office JuneDecember 1957)
  24. Henri Namphy (Lieutenant General) (in office 19861988)
  25. Prosper Avril (Lieutenant General) (in office 19881990)
  26. Raoul Cédras (Lieutenant General) (in office 19911994)

Central America

Costa Rica

  1. Federico Tinoco Granados (General) (in office 19171919)

El Salvador

  1. Fernando Figueroa (General) (in office 19071911)
  2. Maximiliano Hernández Martínez (General) (in office 19311934, 19351944)
  3. Andrés Ignacio Menéndez (General) (in office 19341935, MayOctober 1944)
  4. Osmín Aguirre y Salinas (Colonel) (in office 19441945)
  5. Óscar Osorio (Lieutenant Colonel) (in office 19481956)
  6. José María Lemus (Lieutenant Colonel) (in office 19561960)
  7. Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo (Colonel) (in office 19621967)
  8. Fidel Sánchez Hernández (General) (in office 19671972)
  9. Arturo Armando Molina (Colonel) (in office 19721977)
  10. Carlos Humberto Romero (General) (in office 19771979)

Guatemala

  1. Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán (Colonel) (in office 19511954)
  2. Carlos Castillo Armas (Colonel) (in office 19541957)
  3. Guillermo Flores Avendaño (Colonel) (in office 19571958)
  4. Enrique Peralta Azurdia (Colonel) (in office 19631966)
  5. Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio (Colonel) (in office 19701974)
  6. Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García (Brigadier General) (in office 19741982)
  7. Fernando Romeo Lucas García (Brigadier General) (in office 19781982)
  8. Efraín Ríos Montt (Brigadier General) (in office 19821983)
  9. Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores (Brigadier General) (in office 19831986)

Honduras

  1. Manuel Bonilla (General) (in office 19031907, 19121913)
  2. Tiburcio Carías Andino (General) (in office 19331949)
  3. Oswaldo López Arellano (General) (in office 19631971, 19721975)
  4. Juan Alberto Melgar Castro (General) (in office 19751978)
  5. Policarpo Paz García (Brigadier General) (in office 19781982)

Nicaragua

  1. Anastasio Somoza Garcia (Major General) (in office 19361956)
  2. Anastasio Somoza Debayle (Major General) (in office 19671979)

Panama

  1. Omar Torrijos (Brigadier General) (in office 19681981)
  2. Florencio Flores Aguilar (Colonel) (in office 19811982)
  3. Rubén Darío Paredes (General) (in office 19821983)
  4. Manuel Noriega (General) (in office 19831989)

North America

United States

South America

Argentina

  1. José Félix Uriburu (Lieutenant General) (in office 19301932)
  2. Arturo Rawson (General) (in office 1943)
  3. Pedro Pablo Ramírez (Major General) (in office 19431944)
  4. Edelmiro Julián Farrell (Brigadier General) (in office 19441946)
  5. Juan Domingo Perón (Lieutenant General) (in office 19461955, 19731974)
  6. Eduardo Lonardi (Lieutenant General) (in office 1955)
  7. Pedro Eugenio Aramburu (Lieutenant General) (in office 19551958)
  8. Juan Carlos Onganía (Lieutenant General) (in office 19661970)
  9. Roberto M. Levingston (Brigadier General) (in office 19701971)
  10. Alejandro Agustín Lanusse (Lieutenant General) (in office 19711973)
  11. Jorge Rafael Videla (Lieutenant General) (in office 19761981)
  12. Roberto Eduardo Viola (Lieutenant General) (in office 1981)
  13. Horacio Tomás Liendo (in office 1981)
  14. Carlos Alberto Lacoste (navy vice-admiral ) (in office 1981)
  15. Leopoldo Galtieri (Lieutenant General) (in office 19811982)

Bolivia

  1. Carlos Blanco Galindo (General) (in office 19301931)
  2. David Toro (Colonel) (in office 19361937)
  3. Germán Busch (Colonel) (in office 19371939)
  4. Carlos Quintanilla (General) (in office 19391940)
  5. Enrique Peñaranda (General) (in office 19401943)
  6. Gualberto Villarroel (Major) (in office 19431946)
  7. Hugo Ballivián (General) (in office 19511952)
  8. René Barrientos (General) (in office 19641965, 19661969)
  9. Alfredo Ovando Candía (General) (in office 19651966, 19691970)
  10. Juan José Torres (General) (in office 19701971)
  11. Hugo Banzer (General) (in office 19711978)
  12. David Padilla (General) (in office 19781979)
  13. Luis García Meza Tejada (Major General) (in office 19801981)
  14. Celso Torrelio (Major General) (in office 19811982)

Brazil

  1. Deodoro da Fonseca (Marshal) (in office 18891891)
  2. Floriano Peixoto (Marshal) (in office 18911894)
  3. Hermes da Fonseca (Marshal) (in office 19101914)
  4. Getúlio Vargas (Sergeant) (in office 1930-1945 and 1951-1954)
  5. Eurico Gaspar Dutra (Marshal) (in office 19461951)
  6. Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco (Marshal) (in office 19641967)
  7. Artur da Costa e Silva (Marshal) (in office 19671969)
  8. Emílio Garrastazu Médici (Army General) (in office 19691974)
  9. Ernesto Geisel (Army General) (in office 19741979)
  10. João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (Army General) (in office 19791985)
  11. Itamar Franco (Officer Aspirant) (in office 1992-1995)
  12. Jair Bolsonaro (Captain) (in office 2019-present)

Chile

  1. Jorge Montt (Vice Admiral) (in office 18911896)
  2. Luis Altamirano (Major General) (in office 19241925)
  3. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (General) (in office 19271931)
  4. Augusto Pinochet (Captain General) (in office 19731990)

Colombia

  1. Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (General) (in office 19531957)
  2. Gabriel París Gordillo (Major General) (in office 19571958)

Ecuador

  1. Alberto Enríquez Gallo (General) (in office 19371938)
  2. Ramón Castro Jijón (Admiral) (in office 19631966)
  3. Guillermo Rodríguez (General) (in office 19721976)
  4. Alfredo Poveda (Admiral) (in office 19761979)

Paraguay

  1. Higinio Moríñigo (Major General) (in office 19401948)
  2. Alfredo Stroessner (Major General) (in office 19541989)
  3. Andrés Rodríguez (Lieutenant General) (in office 19891993)

Peru

  1. Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente (Peruvian military) (in office 1829)
  2. Remigio Morales Bermúdez (Colonel) (in office 18331834)
  3. Felipe Santiago Salaverry (General) (in office 18351836)
  4. Juan Crisóstomo Torrico (General) (in office 1842)
  5. Juan Francisco de Vidal (General) (in office 18421843)
  6. Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco (General) (in office 18431844)
  7. Domingo Nieto (Grand Marshal) (in office 18431844)
  8. Ramón Castilla (Field marshal) (in office 1844, 1863)
  9. Pedro Diez Canseco (General) (in office 18621863)
  10. Juan Antonio Pezet (General) (in office 18631865)
  11. Tomás Gutiérrez (Colonel) (in office 1872)
  12. Miguel Iglesias (General) (in office 18811882)
  13. Andrés Avelino Cáceres (General) (in office 18831885, 18861890, 18941895)
  14. Pedro Pablo Bermúdez (Marshal) (in office 18901894)
  15. Óscar R. Benavides (Brigadier General / Major General) (in office 19141915, 19331939)
  16. Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (Brigadier General) (in office 19301933)
  17. Manuel María Ponce Brousset (in office 1930)
  18. Gustavo Jiménez (Colonel) (in office 1931)
  19. Manuel A. Odría (Major General) (in office 19481956)
  20. Zenón Noriega Agüero (Major General) (in office 19501954)
  21. Ricardo Pérez Godoy (General) (in office 19621963)
  22. Nicolás Lindley López (General) (in office 19621963)
  23. Juan Velasco Alvarado (Major General) (in office 19681975)
  24. Francisco Morales Bermúdez (General) (in office 19751980)

Suriname

  1. Dési Bouterse (Lieutenant Colonel) (in office 19801988)

Uruguay

  1. Gregorio Conrado Alvarez (Major General) (in office 19811985)

Venezuela

  1. José Antonio Páez (in office 18301835)
  2. José María Carreño (in office JulyAugust 1835)
  3. Carlos Soublette (Divisional General) (in office 18471851)
  4. Julián Castro (in office 18581859)
  5. Juan Crisóstomo Falcón (Marshal) (in office 18631868)
  6. Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual (in office AprilJune 1868)
  7. José Ruperto Monagas (in office 18691870)
  8. Antonio Guzmán Blanco (in office 18701877)
  9. Francisco Linares Alcántara (in office 18771878)
  10. José Gregorio Valera (General) (in office 18781879)
  11. Joaquín Crespo (in office 18841886)
  12. Hermógenes López (in office 18871888)
  13. Ignacio Andrade (in office 18981899)
  14. Juan Vicente Gómez (in office 19081913)
  15. Eleazar López Contreras (Brigadier General) (in office 19351941)
  16. Isaías Medina Angarita (Brigadier General) (in office 19411945)
  17. Carlos Delgado Chalbaud (Colonel) (in office 19481950)
  18. Marcos Pérez Jiménez (Major General) (in office 19501958)
  19. Hugo Chávez (Lieutenant Colonel) (in office 19922013)

Asia

Bangladesh

  1. Ziaur Rahman (Lieutenant General) (in office 1976–1981)
  2. Hussain Muhammad Ershad (Lieutenant General) (in office 1982–1990)

Cambodia

  1. Lon Nol (Marshal) (in office 1969–1975)
  2. Sisowath Sirik Matak (Lieutenant general) (in office 1971–1972)
  3. Pol Pot (General) (in office 1976–1979)
  4. Pen Sovan (in office 1981)
  5. Chan Sy (in office 1982–1984)
  6. Hun Sen (in office 1985–present)

Indonesia

  1. Suharto (General, later General of the Army) (in office 1967–1998)

Iran

  1. Reza Khan (Brigadier) (in office 1923–1925)
  2. Haj Ali Razmara (General) (in office 1950–1951)
  3. Hossein Ala' (Colonel) (in office March – April 1951, 1955–1957)
  4. Fazlollah Zahedi (Major General) (in office 1953–1955)
  5. Gholam Reza Azhari (Major General) (in office 1978–1979)

Iraq

  1. Abdul-Muhsin Al-Saadoun (Second Lieutenant) (in office 1922–1923, 1925–1926, 1928–1929, September – November 1929)
  2. Jafar al-Askari (General) (in office 1923–1924, 1926–1928)
  3. Yasin al-Hashimi (Major General) (in office 1924–1925)
  4. Nuri as-Said (in office 1930–1932)
  5. Jamil al-Midfai (Major General) (in office 1933–1934, 1935, 1937–1938, 1941, 1953)
  6. Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi (in office 1934–1935, 1949–1950)
  7. Abd al-Karim Qasim (General) (in office 1958–1963)
  8. Taha al-Hashimi (in office 1941)
  9. Nureddin Mahmud (in office 1952–1953)
  10. Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i (in office 1958–1963)
  11. Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr (General) (in office February – November 1963, 1968–1979)
  12. Tahir Yahya (in office 1963–1965)
  13. Abdul Salam Arif (Field Marshal) (in office 1963–1966)
  14. Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif (in office 1966)
  15. Abdul Rahman Arif (General) (in office 1966–1968)
  16. Naji Talib (in office 1966–1967)
  17. Saddam Hussein (Marshal) (in office 1979–1991, 1994–2003)

Japan

  1. Hideki Tojo (General) (in office 1941–1944)
  2. Kuniaki Koiso (General) (in office 1944–1945)

Lebanon

  1. Fuad Chehab (in office 1958–1964)
  2. Émile Lahoud (General) (in office 1998–2007)
  3. Michel Aoun (General) (in office 2016–present)

North Korea

  1. Kim Il-sung (Wonsu, Taewonsu) (1948–1994)
  2. Kim Jong-il (Wonsu) (1994–2011)
  3. Kim Jong-un (Wonsu) (2011–present)

North Yemen

  1. Ibrahim al-Hamadi (Lieutenant Colonel) (1974–1977)

Malaysia

  1. Hussein Onn (Captain) (in office 1976–1981)

Myanmar

  1. Ne Win (General) (in office 1958–1960, 1962–1981)
  2. Sein Win (Brigadier General) (in office 1974–1977)
  3. Maung Kha (Colonel) (in office 1977–1988)
  4. San Yu (General) (in office 1981–1988)
  5. Aye Ko (Lieutenant General) (in office 12–19 August 1988)
  6. Saw Maung (Senior General) (in office 1988–1992)
  7. Tun Tin (Brigadier General) (in office JulySeptember 1988)
  8. Than Shwe (Senior General) (in office 1992–2011)
  9. Khin Nyunt (General) (in office 2003–2004)
  10. Soe Win (General) (in office 2004–2007)
  11. Thein Sein (General) (in office 2007–2016)

Pakistan

  1. Ayub Khan (Field Marshal) (in office 1958–1969)
  2. Yahya Khan (General) (in office 1969–1971)
  3. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (General) (in office 1977–1988)
  4. Pervez Musharraf (General) (in office 1999–2008)

Philippines

  1. Emilio Aguinaldo (General) (in office 1899–1901)
  2. Manuel L. Quezon (Major) (in office 1935–1944)
  3. Ferdinand Marcos (Major) (in office 1965–1986)
  4. Fidel V. Ramos (General) (in office 1992–1998)

Republic of China

  1. Chiang Kai-shek (Generalissimo) (in office 1928–1975)
  2. Li Zongren (General) (in office 1949–1950)
  3. Chen Cheng (General) (in office 1950-1954, 1958–1963)

Singapore

  1. Yusof bin Ishak (Colonel) (in office 1965–1970)
  2. Lee Hsien Loong (Brigadier General) (in office 2004–present)

South Korea

  1. Lee Beom-seok (in office 1948–1950)
  2. Jang Do-young (Lieutenant General) (in office MayJuly 1961)
  3. Song Yo Chan (Lieutenant General) (in office 1961–1962)
  4. Park Chung-hee (General) (in office 1962–1979)
  5. Chung Il-kwon (General) (in office 1964–1970)
  6. Kim Jong-pil (Lieutenant General) (in office 1971–1975, 1998–2000)
  7. Chun Doo-hwan (General) (in office 1980–1988)
  8. Roh Tae-woo (General) (in office 1988–1993)
  9. Park Tae-joon (General) (in office JanuaryMay 2000)

Sri Lanka

  1. Gotabaya Rajapaksa ( Lieutenant colonel - 1st Gajaba Regiment ) ( in office 2019-Present )

Syria

  1. Fawzi Selu (General) (in office 1951–1953)
  2. Adib Shishakli (General) (in office 1953–1954)
  3. Amin al-Hafiz (General) (in office 1963–1966)
  4. Hafez al-Assad (General) (in office 1970–2000)
  5. Bashar al-Assad (Marshal) (in office 2000–present)

Thailand

  1. Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena (General) (in office 1933–1938)
  2. Plaek Pibulsonggram (Field Marshal) (in office 1938–1944, 1948–1957)
  3. Khuang Aphaiwong (Field Marshal) (in office 1944–1945, 1947–1948)
  4. Thawan Thamrongnawasawat (Rear admiral) (in office 1946–1947)
  5. Thanom Kittikachorn (Field Marshal) (in office January – October 1958, 1963–1973)
  6. Sarit Dhanarajata (Field Marshal) (in office 1958–1963)
  7. Kukrit Pramoj (Major General) (in office 1975–1976)
  8. Kriangsak Chamanan (General) (in office 1977–1980)
  9. Prem Tinsulanonda (General) (in office 1980–1988)
  10. Chatchai Choonhavan (General) (in office 1988–1991)
  11. Suchinda Kraprayoon (General) (in office AprilMay 1992)
  12. Chavalit Yongchaiyudh (General) (in office 1996–1997)
  13. Surayud Chulanont (General) (in office 2006–2008)
  14. Prayut Chan-o-cha (General) (in office 2014–present)

Turkey

  1. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (Marshal) (in office 1923–1938)
  2. Fethi Okyar (Lieutenant Colonel) (in office 1923, 1924–1925)
  3. İsmet İnönü (Orgeneral) (in office 1938–1950)
  4. Cemal Gürsel (Lieutenant general) (in office 1960–1966)
  5. Fahrettin Özdilek (General) (in office OctoberNovember 1961)
  6. Bülent Ulusu (Admiral) (in office 1980–1983)
  7. Kenan Evren (General) (in office 1980–1989)

Vietnam

  1. Lê Đức Anh (General) (in office 1992–1997)
  2. Nguyễn Tấn Dũng (Major) (in office 2006–2016)
  3. Trần Đại Quang (General) (in office 2016–2018)

South Vietnam

  1. Nguyễn Văn Xuân (Brigadier General) (in office 1947–1949)
  2. Duong Van Minh (General) (in office 1963 – January 1964, February – October 1964)
  3. Nguyen Khanh (General) (in office January – August, September – November 1964)
  4. Nguyen Cao Ky (Air Vice Marshal) (in office 1965–1967)
  5. Nguyễn Văn Lộc (in office 1967–1968)
  6. Trần Thiện Khiêm (General) (in office 1969–1975)
  7. Nguyen Van Thieu (Lieutenant General) (in office 1965–1975)

Europe

Albania

  1. Essad Pasha Toptani (Ottoman Army) (in office 19141916)
  2. Qazim Koculi (First Lieutenant) (in office 78 December 1921)
  3. Francesco Jacomoni (Lieutenant-General) (in office 19391943)
  4. Alberto Pariani (General) (in office MarchSeptember 1943)
  5. Fiqri Dine (Colonel) (in office JulyAugust 1944)
  6. Enver Hoxha (General) (in office 19441954)
  7. Mehmet Shehu (in office 19541981)

Bulgaria

  1. Kimon Georgiev (Colonel General) (in office 19341935, 19441946)

Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (now UK and RoI)

  1. Oliver Cromwell (Captain General) (in office 16531658)

Croatia

  1. Franjo Tuđman (Vrhovnik/Marshal) (in office 19901999)

Czechoslovakia

  1. Jan Syrový (General) (in office SeptemberDecember 1938)
  2. Ludvík Svoboda (General) (in office 19681975)

Finland

  1. Gustaf Mannerheim (General / Field Marshal) (in office 19181919, 19441946)

France

  1. Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully (Marshal) (in office 15891611)
  2. Louis Jules Trochu (General) (in office 18701871)
  3. Ernest Courtot de Cissey (General) (in office 18741875)
  4. Patrice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta (Marshal of France) (in office 18731879)
  5. Philippe Pétain (Marshal of France) (in office 19401944)
  6. François Darlan (Admiral) (in office 19411942)
  7. Charles de Gaulle (Brigadier General) (in office 19441946, 19591969)

Germany

  1. Otto von Bismarck (Colonel General) (in office 18711890)
  2. Leo von Caprivi (General) (in office 18901894)
  3. Prince Maximilian of Baden (Major general) (in office 3 October  9 November 1918)
  4. Paul von Hindenburg (General Field Marshal) (in office 19251934)
  5. Karl Dönitz (Grand Admiral) (in office AprilMay 1945)

Greece

  1. Petrobey Mavromichalis (in office 18231824)
  2. Theodoros Kolokotronis (Lieutenant General) (in office 28 March  14 April 1832)
  3. Augustinos Kapodistrias (in office 18311832)
  4. Dimitrios Plapoutas (General) (in office 18321833)
  5. Demetrios Ypsilantis (General) (in office 1832–1833)
  6. Constantine Kanaris (Admiral) (in office FebruaryMarch 1844, 18481849, MarchApril 1864, 1864–1865)
  7. Kitsos Tzavelas (in office 1847–1848)
  8. Gennaios Kolokotronis (General) (in office May–October 1862)
  9. Antonios Kriezis (Captain) (in office 1857–1862, 1849–1854)
  10. Athanasios Miaoulis (Admiral) (in office 1857–1862)
  11. Gennaios Kolokotronis (General) (in office May–October 1862)
  12. Pavlos Kountouriotis (Admiral) (in office October–November 1920, 1924–1926, 1926–1929)
  13. Anastasios Charalambis (Lieutenant General) (in office 29–30 September 1922)
  14. Stylianos Gonatas (Colonel) (in office 1922–1924)
  15. Theodoros Pangalos (Lieutenant General) (in office July–October 1926)
  16. Georgios Kondylis (Major General) (in office August–December 1926, October–November 1935)
  17. Alexandros Othonaios (Lieutenant General) (in office 6–10 March 1933)
  18. Ioannis Metaxas (Lieutenant General) (in office 1936–1941)
  19. Georgios Tsolakoglou (Lieutenant General) (in office 1941–1942)
  20. Evripidis Bakirtzis (in office March–April 1944)
  21. Nikolaos Plastiras (Lieutenant General) (in office August–October 1945, April–August 1950, 1951–1952)
  22. Petros Voulgaris (Vice Admiral) (in office April–October 1945)
  23. Markos Vafiadis (General) (in office 1947–1949)
  24. Alexandros Papagos (Field Marshal) (in office 1952–1955)
  25. Georgios Zoitakis (Lieutenant General, later full General) (in office 1967–1972)
  26. Georgios Papadopoulos (Colonel) (in office 1967–1973)
  27. Phaedon Gizikis (General) (in office 1973–1974)

Hungary

  1. Artúr Görgei (Major General) (in office 1113 August 1849)
  2. Archduke Joseph August (Field marshalls) (in office JulyAugust 1919)
  3. Miklós Horthy (Vice-Admiral) (in office 19201944)
  4. Döme Sztójay (Colonel General) (in office March–August 1944)
  5. Géza Lakatos (Colonel General) (in office August–October 1944)
  6. Ferenc Szálasi (Major) (in office 19441945)
  7. Béla Miklós (Colonel General) (in office February–November 1945)
  8. Mátyás Rákosi (Austro-Hungarian Army) (in office 19881989)

Montenegro

  1. Janko Vukotić (General) (in office 19131915)

Italy

  1. Ettore Perrone di San Martino (General) (in office October–December 1848)
  2. Agostino Chiodo (General) (in office February–March 1849)
  3. Claudio Gabriele de Launay (General) (in office March–May 1849)
  4. Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora (General) (in office 1859-1860, 1864-1866)
  5. Francesco Crispi (Inspector general) (in office 1887-1991, 1893-1896)
  6. Luigi Pelloux (General) (in office 1898-1900)
  7. Benito Mussolini (First Marshal of the Empire) (in office 19221943)
  8. Pietro Badoglio (Marshal) (in office 19431944)

Poland

  1. Józef Piłsudski (Marshal of Poland) (in office 19181922, de facto leader 19261935)
  2. Władysław Sikorski (Major General) (in office 19221923)
  3. Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski (Major General) (in office 19361939)
  4. Wojciech Jaruzelski (General) (in office 19811990)

Portugal

  1. João do Canto e Castro (Admiral) (in office 19181919)
  2. Óscar Carmona (Marshal) (in office 19261951)
  3. José Mendes Cabeçadas (Admiral) (in office 1926)
  4. Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa (Admiral, General) (in office 1926)
  5. Francisco Craveiro Lopes (General) (in office 19511958)
  6. Américo Tomás (Rear Admiral) (in office 19581974)
  7. António de Spínola (General) (in office April–September 1974)
  8. Francisco da Costa Gomes (General) (in office 19741976)
  9. António Ramalho Eanes (General) (in office 19761985)

Romania

  1. Ion Antonescu (Marshal of Romania) (in office 19401944)
  2. Nicolae Rădescu (Lieutenant General (in office 19441945)

Spain

  1. Miguel Ricardo de Álava y Esquivel (Brigadier General) (in office 14–25 September 1835)
  2. Isidro de Alaix Fábregas (General) (in office 1838–1839)
  3. Valentín Ferraz y Barrau (Lieutenant general) (in office 12–28 August 1840)
  4. Vicente Sancho y Cobertores (General) (in office 11–16 September 1840)
  5. Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara (General) (in office 1840–1843)
  6. José Ramón Rodil, 1st Marquis of Rodil (General) (in office July – August 1840, 1841–1842)
  7. Salustiano de Olózaga y Almandoz (in office 28 November – 5 December 1843)
  8. Luis González-Bravo y López de Arjona (in office 1843 – 1844)
  9. Serafín María de Sotto, 3rd Count of Clonard (in office 19 – 20 October 1849)
  10. Joaquín María de Ferrer y Cafranga (General) (in office 10–20 May 1853)
  11. Federico de Roncali, 1st Count of Alcoy (General) (in office 1852–1853)
  12. Francisco de Lersundi y Hormaechea (General) (in office April–September 1853)
  13. Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan (General) (in office July–October 1856)
  14. Francisco Armero y Peñaranda, 1st Marquis of Nervión (General) (in office 1857–1858)
  15. Fernando Fernández de Córdova (General) (in office 17–18 July 1864)
  16. Leopoldo O'Donnell y Jorris (General) (in office 1865–1866)
  17. Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia (General) (in office 1864–1865, 1866–1868)
  18. José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquis of Havana (General) (in office 19–30 September 1868)
  19. Juan Prim, 1st Marquis of Los Castillejos (General) (in office 1869–1870)
  20. José Malcampo y Monge, 3rd Marquis of San Rafael (Admiral) (in office October–December 1871)
  21. Juan Bautista Topete y Carballo (Admiral) (in office May–June 1872)
  22. Fernando Fernández de Córdova, 2nd Marquis of Mendigorría (in office 13–16 June 1872)
  23. Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre (Marshal) (in office January–February 1874)
  24. Juan de Zavala, 1st Marquis of Sierra Bullones (General) (in office February–December 1874)
  25. Joaquín Jovellar (General) (in office September–December 1875)
  26. Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón (General) (in office March–December 1879)
  27. Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero (in office August–October 1897)
  28. José López Domínguez (General) (in office July–December 1906)
  29. Miguel Primo de Rivera (Captain General) (in office 1923–1930)
  30. Dámaso Berenguer (General) (in office 1930–1931)
  31. Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas (General) (in office February–April 1931)
  32. Miguel Cabanellas (General) (in office July–October 1936)
  33. Fidel Dávila Arrondo (General) (in office 1936–1937)
  34. Francisco Gómez-Jordana (General) (in office 1937–1938)
  35. José Miaja (General) (in office 13–28 March 1939)
  36. Francisco Franco (Generalissimo) (in office 1939–1975)
  37. Emilio Herrera Linares (General) (in office 1960–1962)
  38. Luis Carrero Blanco (Admiral) (in office June–December 1973)
  39. Fernando de Santiago y Díaz (General) (in office 2–5 July 1976)

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

  1. Josip Broz Tito (Marshal of Yugoslavia) (in office 1945-1980)

Soviet Union / Russia

  1. Kliment Voroshilov (Marshal of the Soviet Union) (in office 1953-1960)
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