List of sovereign states in 1648
Sovereign states
A
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B
C
- Calicut – Zamorin of Calicut
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Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia- Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
- China – Great Qing Empire
- Chamba – Chamba State
- Champa – Kingdom of Champa
- Chitradurga – Chitradurga Nayak Kingdom
- Chutiya – Chutiya Kingdom
- Circassia
- Cochin – Kingdom of Cochin
- Cooch Behar – Cooch Behar State
Cospaia – Republic of Cospaia
D
F
France – Kingdom of France
G
H
- Hawwara
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Holy Roman Empire – Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
Austria – Archduchy of Austria.svg.png.webp)
Bavaria – Electorate of Bavaria.svg.png.webp)
Brandenburg – Margraviate of Brandenburg (in personal union with Prussia)
Cologne – Electorate of Cologne
Electoral Palatinate – County Palatine of the Rhine
Lorraine – Duchy of Lorraine
Mainz – Electorate of Mainz
Saxony – Electorate of Saxony
Trier – Electorate of Trier
Württemberg – Duchy of Württemberg
J
K
- Kabardia – Principality of Kabardia
- Kachar – Kachari Kingdom
- Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
- Kalahandi – Kalahandi State
Kalmyk – Kalmyk Khanate
Kangleipak – Kangleipak State- Kangra – Kangra State
- Kandy – Kingdom of Kandy
- Kanker – Kanker State
Kazakh – Kazakh Khanate- Keladi – Keladi Nayak Kingdom
- Keonjhar – Keonjhar State
- Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
- Khoshut – Khoshut Khanate
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo- Korea – Kingdom of Joseon
- Koya – Kingdom of Koya
- Kuba – Kuba Kingdom
- Kumaon – Kumaon Kingdom
M
- Madurai – Madurai Nayak dynasty
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Malta – Order of Saint John.svg.png.webp)
Mantua – Duchy of Mantua- Massa – Principality of Massa
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Masserano – Principality of Masserano- Mayurbhanj – Mayurbhanj State
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Modena – Duchy of Modena and Reggio
Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Montferrat – Duchy of Montferrat.svg.png.webp)
Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco- Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
Mughal Empire- Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore
N
- Ndongo – Kingdom of Ndongo
- Nepal – Malla dynasty of Nepal
Netherlands – Republic of the Seven United Netherlands- Ngoyo – Kingdom of Ngoyo
Noli – Republic of Noli
O
- Odanad
Oman – Imamate of Oman- Ossetia
Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State- Oyo – Oyo Empire
P
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Papal States – State of the Church
Parma – Duchy of Parma- Patna – Patna State
- Piombino – Principality of Piombino
Poland–Lithuania – Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.svg.png.webp)
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Prussia – Duchy of Prussia (in personal union with Brandenburg)
S
San Marino – Republic of San Marino
Savoy – Duchy of Savoy.svg.png.webp)
Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland (in personal union with England).svg.png.webp)
Seborga – Principality of Seborga
Senarica – Republic of Senarica- Sennar – Funj sultanate of Sinnar
- Sonepur – Sonepur State
- Southern Ming – Great Ming Empire
Spain – Monarchy of Spain[lower-alpha 1]- Suket – Suket State
Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
Sweden – Swedish Empire- Switzerland – Swiss Confederacy
T
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Non-sovereign territories
England
Notes
- Philip IV sometimes used the title of "King of Spain", but actually ruled over a dynastic union consisting of the Crown of Aragon (Aragon, Valencia, Barcelona, Mallorca, Naples, Sardinia, and Sicily), the Crown of Castile (Castile and León) and the Spanish Netherlands. This empire did not have a national flag in 1648.
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