List of sovereign states in the 1920s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1920s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1920 and 31 December 1929. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes Widely-recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not Widely-recognized by other states.

Sovereign states
Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A

Abkhazia – Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia (from March 31, 1921 to March 12, 1922)
Capital: Sukhumi		 Widely-recognized independent state
→ → → → Afghanistan
Capital: Kabul 		Reign of Amanullah Khan, Inayatullah Khan, and Mohammed Nadir Shah: Widely-recognized independent state
Reign of Habibullāh Kalakāni,[4] Ali Ahmad Khan and Abd-al Karim: Not recognized by any state.
→ → → Albania
Capital: Tirana 		Widely-recognized independent state.
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra La Vella		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Argentina – Argentine Republic
Capital: Buenos Aires		 Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920
→ → Armenia (March 12, 1922)
Capital: Yerevan
  • Republic of Armenia (to November 29, 1920)
  • Armenian Socialist Soviet Republic (from November 29, 1920 to March 12, 1922)
 Widely-recognized independent state.
Asir – Emirate of Asir (to October 21, 1926)
Capital: Sabya		 Widely-recognized independent state.
Asir, Upper – Emirate of Upper Asir (to August 1920)
Capital: Abha		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia
Capital: Canberra		 Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920. Australia administers 2 League of Nations Mandates:
  • Nauru (administered by Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom from December 17, 1920)
  • New Guinea – Territory of New Guinea (administered by Australia from December 17, 1920)
Austria – Republic of Austria
Capital: Vienna		 Widely-recognized independent state; LON member state from December 15, 1920
→ → Azerbaijan
Capital: Baku
  • Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (to April 28, 1920)
  • Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic (from April 28, 1920 to March 12, 1922)
 Widely-recognized independent state.

B

 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Capital: Brussels		 Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920.
 Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia
Capital: Sucre		 Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920.
 Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil
Capital: Brasília		 Widely-recognized independent state. LON founding member state from January 10, 1920.
 Bulgaria – Kingdom of Bulgaria
Capital: Sofia		 Widely-recognized independent state. LON member state from December 16, 1920.

C

 Canada – Dominion of Canada
Capital: Ottawa		 Widely-recognized independent state.
Central America – Federation of Central America (to February 7, 1922)
Capital: Guatemala City		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Chile – Republic of Chile
Capital: Santiago		 Widely-recognized independent state.
→  China – Republic of China

Capital: Nanking, Peking, Chungking

 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogotá		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
Capital: San José, Costa Rica		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Cuba – Republic of Cuba
Capital: Havana		 Widely-recognized independent state.
→ Czechoslovakia
Capital: Prague
  • Czecho-Slovak Republic (to 1920)
  • Czechoslovak Republic (from 1920)
 Widely-recognized independent state.

D

 Danzig – Free City of Danzig (from November 15, 1920)
Capital: Danzig		 Widely-recognized independent state from November 15, 1920.
 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Dominican Republic
Capital: Santo Domingo		 Widely-recognized independent state.

E

Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Egypt – Kingdom of Egypt (from February 28, 1922)
Capital: Cairo		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador (to October 1, 1921, from February 4, 1922)
Capital: San Salvador		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Estonia – Republic of Estonia
Capital: Tallinn		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
Capital: Addis Ababa		 Widely-recognized independent state.

F

 Finland – Republic of Finland
Capital: Helsinki		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Fiume – Free State of Fiume (from November 12, 1920 to March 3, 1924)
Capital: Fiume		 Widely-recognized independent state from November 12, 1920.
France – French Republic
Capital: Paris		 Widely-recognized independent state.

G

Georgia – Democratic Republic of Georgia (to February 11, 1921)
Capital: Tbilisi		 Widely-recognized independent state.
Germany – German Realm
Capital: Berlin		 Widely-recognized independent state.
→ Greece
Capital: Athens 		Widely-recognized independent state.
 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala (to October 1, 1921, from January 14, 1922)
Capital: Guatemala City		 Widely-recognized independent state.

H

→ Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il (to November 2, 1921)
Capital: Ha'il		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince		 Widely-recognized independent state.
→  Hejaz – Kingdom of Hejaz (to January 8, 1926)
Capital: Mecca		 Widely-recognized independent state.
Honduras – Republic of Honduras (to October 1, 1921, from February 7, 1922)
Capital: Tegucigalpa		 Widely-recognized independent state.
Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary (from March 1, 1920)
Capital: Budapest		 Widely-recognized independent state from March 1, 1920.

I

Iceland – Kingdom of Iceland
Capital: Reykjavik		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Ireland – Irish Free State (from December 6, 1922)
Capital: Dublin		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Italy – Kingdom of Italy
Capital: Rome		 Widely-recognized independent state.

J

 Japan – Empire of Japan
Capital: Tokyo		 Widely-recognized independent state.

L

Latvia (disputed between two governments to January 13, 1920)
Capital: Riga 		Widely-recognized independent state.
 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Capital: Monrovia		 Widely-recognized independent state.
→  Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania
Capital: Vilnius		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital: Luxembourg City		 Widely-recognized independent state.

M

 Mexico – United Mexican States
Capital: Mexico City		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Capital: Monaco City		 Widely-recognized independent state.
Mongolia (from July 11, 1921)
Capital: Ulaanbaatar
  • Mongolian People's Government (to November 26, 1924)
  • Mongolian People's Republic (from November 26, 1924)
 Widely-recognized independent state.

N

Nejd – Sultanate of Nejd (to January 8, 1926)
Capital: Riyadh
  • Emirate of Nejd (to August 22, 1921)
  • Sultanate of Nejd (from August 22, 1921 to January 8, 1926)
 Widely-recognized independent state.
Nejd and Hejaz – Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz (Personal Union, from January 8, 1926)

Capital: Mecca (Hejaz), Riyadh (Nejd)

  • Nejd (from January 8, 1926)
    • Sultanate of Nejd (to January 29, 1927)
    • Kingdom of Nejd and its Dependencies (from January 29, 1927)
  • Hejaz – Kingdom of Hejaz (from January 8, 1926)
 Widely-recognized independent state.
Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
Capital: Kathmandu		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland
Capital: St. John's		 Widely-recognized independent state.
New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand
Capital: Wellington		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Capital: Managua		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Norway – Kingdom of Norway
Capital: Oslo		 Widely-recognized independent state.
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
Capital: Groznyy		 Widely-recognized independent state.

O

 Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State (to November 1, 1922)
Capital: Constantinople
  • Turkey (from November 1, 1922)
 Widely-recognized independent state.

P

 Panama – Republic of Panama
Capital: Panama City		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asunción		 Widely-recognized independent state.
→ Persia
Capital: Tehran 		Widely-recognized independent state.
 Peru – Peruvian Republic
Capital: Lima		 Widely-recognized independent state.
Poland – Republic of Poland
Capital: Warsaw		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Portugal – Portuguese Republic
Capital: Lisbon		 Widely-recognized independent state.

R

 Romania – Kingdom of Romania
Capital: Bucharest		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Russia – Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (to December 30, 1922)
Capital: Moscow		 Widely-recognized independent state to December 30, 1922

S

 San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Capital: City of San Marino		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Yugoslavia
Capital: Belgrade 		Widely-recognized independent state.
Siam – Kingdom of Siam
Capital: Bangkok		 Widely-recognized independent state.
→  South Africa – Union of South Africa

Capital: Cape Town, Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Pietermaritzburg

 Widely-recognized independent state after November 15, 1926.
→ Soviet Union – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (from December 30, 1922)
Capital: Moscow		 Widely-recognized independent state.
Spain – Kingdom of Spain
Capital: Madrid		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Capital: Stockholm		 Widely-recognized independent state.
  Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
Capital: Bern		 Widely-recognized independent state.

T

 Transcaucasia – Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (from March 12 to December 30, 1922)
Capital: Tiflis		 Widely-recognized independent state.
 Turkey (from November 1, 1922)
Capital: Ankara
  • Turkey (from July 24, 1923 to October 29, 1923)
  • Republic of Turkey (from October 29, 1923)
 Widely-recognized independent state.

U

 United Kingdom
Capital: London 		Widely-recognized independent state. The following were colonies, and territories of the United Kingdom:
 United States – United States of America
Capital: Washington, D.C.		 Widely-recognized independent state. The following were territories of the United States of America:
 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Capital: Montevideo		 Widely-recognized independent state.

V

 Venezuela – United States of Venezuela
Capital: Caracas		 Widely-recognized independent state.

Y

Yemen – Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
Capital: Sana`a		 Widely-recognized independent state.

Other states
  • Alash – Alash Autonomy (to August 26, 1920)
  • Ararat – Republic of Ararat (from October 28, 1927)
  • Armenia, Mountainous (from April 26 to July 1921)
  • Azadistan
  • Baranya-Baja – Serb-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic (from August 14 to August 25, 1921)
  • Bottleneck – Free State Bottleneck (to February 23, 1923)
  • Bukharan (from October 8, 1920 to February 17, 1925)
    • Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (from October 8, 1920 to 1924)
    • Bukharan Socialist Soviet Republic (from 1924)
  • Byelorussia – Byelorussian Socialist Soviet Republic (from August 1, 1920 to December 30, 1922)
  • Carnaro – Italian Regency of Carnaro (from September 8 to December 30, 1920)
  • Central Lithuania – Republic of Central Lithuania (from October 12, 1920)
  • Don – Don Republic (to 1920)
  •  Far Eastern Republic (from April 6, 1920 to November 15, 1922)
  • Galicia – Galician Socialist Soviet Republic (from July 8 to September 21, 1920)
  • Georgia, Soviet – Socialist Soviet Republic of Georgia (from February 11, 1921 to March 12, 1922)
  • Gilan – Persian Socialist Soviet Republic (from June 1920)
  • Ireland – Irish Republic (to December 6, 1922)
  •   Karelia
    • Karelian United Government (from December 20, 1920 to April 21, 1921)
    • Republic of Eastern Karelia (from April 21, 1921 to July 23, 1923)
  • → Khiva (to April 30, 1920)
  • Khorasan – Autonomous Government of Khorasan (from April 2, 1921 to October 6, 1921)
  • Khorezm (from April 30, 1920 to February 17, 1925)
    • Khanate of Khiva (to April 30, 1920)
    • Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (from April 30, 1920 to October 20, 1923)
    • Khorezm Socialist Soviet Republic (from October 20, 1923 to February 17, 1925)
  •  Kuban – Kuban People's Republic (to March 17, 1920)
  • Kurdistan – Kingdom of Kurdistan (from February 1925 to April 14, 1925)
  •  Labin – Labin Republic (from March 2 to April 8, 1921)
  • Lajtabánság – Banate of Leitha (from October 4 to November 5, 1921)
  • Lemko-Rusyn – Lemko-Rusyn Republic (to March 1920)
  • Mirdita – Republic of Mirdita (from July 17 to November 20, 1921)
  • Mongolia (from February 21 to July 11, 1921)
  •  Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco (de jure sovereign state under french and Spanish protectorate)[5][6]
  • North Caucasian Emirate (to 1923)
  • North Ingria – Republic of North Ingria (to December 20, 1920)
  •  Mandatory Palestine – Mandatory Palestine (from April 25, 1920)
  • Rhineland – Rhenish Republic (from October 21, 1923)
  • Rif – Confederal Republic of the Tribes of the Rif (from September 18, 1921 to May 27)
  • Siberia, Autonomous – Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia (to February 7, 1920)
  •   Southern Karelia – Olonets Government of Southern Karelia (from May to December 20, 1920)
  • Tannu Tuva (from August 14, 1921)
    • People's Republic of Tannu Tuva (to November 24, 1926)
    • Tuvan People's Republic (from November 24, 1926)
  • Tibet
  • Uhtua – Republic of Uhtua (to December 19, 1920)
  • Ukraine, Soviet – Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (to December 30, 1922)

League of Nations Mandates
  • British Cameroons (administered by the United Kingdom)
    Capital: Buea
  • British Togoland (administered by the United Kingdom)
    Capital: Ho
  • French Cameroons (administered by France)
    Capital: Yaoundé
  • French Togoland (administered by France)
    Capital: Lomé
  • Nauru (administered by Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom)
  • New Guinea – Territory of New Guinea (administered by Australia)
    Capital: Rabaul
  • Palestine (administered by the United Kingdom from September 29, 1923)
    Capital: Jerusalem
    • Transjordan – Emirate of Transjordan (administered by the United Kingdom from September 29, 1923)
      Capital: Amman
  • Ruanda-Urundi (administered by Belgium)
    Capital: Usumbura
  • Saar Basin – Territory of the Saar Basin (administered by the United Kingdom and France from January 10, 1920)
    Capital: Saarbrücken
  • South Pacific Mandate (administered by Japan)
    Capital: Koror City
  • South-West Africa (administered by South Africa)
    Capital: Windhoek
  • Syria and Lebanon (administered by France from September 29, 1923)
    • Alawite (administered by France from September 29, 1923)
      Capital: Latakia
      • Alawite Territory (to January 1, 1925)
      • Alawite State (from January 1, 1925)
    • Lebanon (administered by France from September 29, 1923)
      • State of Greater Lebanon (to September 1, 1926)
      • Lebanese Republic (from September 1, 1926)
    • Syria (administered by France from September 29, 1923)
      • Syrian Federation (from September 29, 1923 to December 1)
      • State of Syria (from December 1)
        • Aleppo – State of Aleppo (administered by France from September 29, 1923 December 1, 1924)
        • Damascus – State of Damascus (administered by France from September 29, 1923 December 1, 1924)
    • → Souaida (Jabal ad-Druze) – State of Souaida (State of Jabal ad-Druze) (administered by France from September 29, 1923)
  • Tanganyika – Tanganyika Territory (administered by the United Kingdom)
  • Western Samoa (administered by New Zealand)

Not enacted

  • Mesopotamia – Kingdom of Iraq (from August 23, 1921) (administered by the United Kingdom)

References
  1. Poullada, L. B. "AMĀNALLĀH". Encyclopædia Iranica (Online ed.). United States: Columbia University.
  2. Muḥammad, Fayz̤; Hazārah, Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib (1999). Kabul Under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 275. ISBN 9781558761551. The capture of the Arg on October 13, 1929 marked the end of the Tajik regime
  3. Muḥammad, Fayz̤; Hazārah, Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib (1999). Kabul Under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 275. ISBN 9781558761551. Nadir received word of the victory in Ali Khayl and immediately set out for the capital, arriving in the city on the 15th.
  4. Muḥammad, Fayz̤; McChesney, R. D. (1999). Kabul under siege: Fayz Muhammad's account of the 1929 Uprising. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 236. ISBN 9781558761544.
  5. International Law: Achievements and Prospects, p. 51, at Google Books
  6. Repertory of Decisions of the International Court of Justice (1947–1992), p. 453, at Google Books
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