List of Classical Age states
Classical Antiquity is a period in the history of the Near East and Mediterranean, extending roughly from the 8th century BC to the 6th century AD. It is conventionally taken to begin with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (8th–7th century BC), and continues through the emergence of Christianity and the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th to 6th centuries, the period during which Late Antiquity blends into the "Dark Ages" or Early Middle Ages.
The geographic scope of Classical Antiquity may be taken to extend to Central Asia and northern India due to the far-reaching influence of Greek culture during the Hellenistic period (late 4th to 2nd centuries BC), but the historiographies of other world regions have their own notion of "classicity" which do not fall within the scope of this list.
Africa
State | Capital | State type | Existed |
---|---|---|---|
Aethiopia | Adulis | Kingdom | c. 13th - 5th centuries BC |
Aksumite Empire | Aksum | Empire | 100 - 960 AD |
Blemmyes | Tribal kingdom | 600 BC - 8th century AD | |
Carthaganian Empire | Carthage | Empire | 650-146 BC |
D'mt | Yeha | Kingdom | 980 - 400 BC |
Cyrenaica | Cyrene | Kingdom | 631-525 BC |
Egypt | Sais, Mendes, Sebennytos | Kingdom | c. 664 BC – c. 332 BC |
Garamantian | Garama | Tribal confederation/empire | 1000 BC - 700 AD |
Kush | Kerma; Napata; Meroe | Kingdom | 1070 BC - 350 AD |
Macedonian Empire | Pella | Empire | 334 - 323 BC |
Mauretania | Julia Caesara | Kingdom/client kingdom | 285 BC - 698 AD |
Numidia | Cirta | Kingdom | 202 - 46 BC |
Persian Empire | Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa | Empire | 549 - 330 BC |
Ptolemaic | Alexandria | Kingdom/empire | 305 - 30 BC |
Roman Empire | Rome, Constantinople | Empire | 27 BC-1453 AD |
Roman Republic | Rome | Republic | 509-27 BC |
Vandal Kingdom | Kingdom | 435 - 534 AD | |
Europe
State | Capital | Type | Existed |
---|---|---|---|
Achaean League | Various | Confederation of city states | 280 - 140 BC |
Aetolian League | Various | Confederation of city states | 290 - 189 BC |
Antigonid Empire | Empire | 306 - 168 BC | |
Arcadia | Kingdom | 980-743 BC | |
Acarnania | Kingdom | 7th - 1st century BC | |
Argolis | Argos | Kingdom/republic | 1200-226 BC |
Athens | Republican city state/client | 1068-146 BC | |
Carthaginian Empire | Carthage | Empire | 650-146 BC |
Celtic kingdom of Tylis[1] | Tylis, Thrace | Kingdom | 279 - 212 BC |
Celtici | Tribal confederation | 600 - 19 BC | |
Corinthia | Corinth | City state | 700-338 BC |
Dacia | Sarmizegetusa, Regia | Kingdom | 168 BC - 106 AD |
Dardania | Ulpiana? | Tribal Kingdom | 4th century - 168 BC |
Delian League | Various | League of city states | 478-404 BC |
Etruria | Veii | Kingdom | 768 - 264 BC |
Illyria | 2000-168 BC | ||
League of Corinth | Various | Federated states | 338 - 337 BC |
Locria | Amphissa, Naupactus | Kingdom | 1250-386 BC |
Lucania | Tribal kingdom | 1000-356 BC[2] | |
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)/Macedonian Empire | Pella | Kingdom/Empire | 808-168 BC/334 - 323 BC |
Magna Graecia | Various | Kingdom city states | 740 - 89 BC |
Odrysian Thracian kingdom | Seuthopolis | Kingdom | 460 BC- 46 AD |
Paeonia | Principality/kingdom/client | 535 BC - 681 AD | |
Padanian Etruria | Various | Federated city states | 9th century - 5th century BC |
Persian Empire | Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa | Empire | 549 - 330 BC |
Phocis | Delphi | Amphictyony[3] | 690 - 222 BC |
Kingdom of Rome | Rome | Kingdom | 753-509 BC |
Roman Empire | Rome, Constantinople | Empire | 27 BC-1453 AD |
Roman Republic | Rome | Republic | 509-27 BC |
Sabinum | Bovianum | Tribal kingdom | c. 760 - 494 BC |
Samnium | Tribal confederation | c. 600 - 82 BC | |
Sparta | Sparta | Kingdom | 950-146 BC |
Thessaly | Larissa | Kingdom | 950 - 344 BC |
Tartessos | Tartessus | Tribal kingdom | 1000-450 BC |
Umbria | Tribal kingdom | 9th century - 3rd century BC | |
Central Asia
name | capital | state type | existed |
---|---|---|---|
Aria | Kingdom/client | 700 BC - 300 BC | |
Albania | Kabalak, Partav | Kingdom/client | 65 BC - 628 AD |
Bactria | Bactra | Tribal kingdom/client | 2140 - 550 BC |
Balhara | Balkh | Tribal kingdom | 12th - 7th centuries BC |
Cimmerian Bosporus | Panticapaeum | Kingdom/client | 480 BC - 370 AD |
Chorasmia | Tribal confederation | 1290-180 BC | |
Colchis | Phasis | Kingdom | 1300 BC - 2nd century AD |
Dayuan | Kingdom/client | 329 BC - 280 AD | |
Fergana | Khokand | Kingdom | 220 BC - 590 AD |
Greco-Bactria | Bactra, Alexandria on the Oxus | Kingdom | 256 - 125 BC |
Iberia | Armazi, Mtskheta, Tbilisi | Kingdom | 302 BC - 508 AD |
Kangju | Tribal federation | 280 BC - 585 AD | |
Kashgar | Kashgar | Kingdom/client | 80 - 850 AD |
Kucha | Kucha | Buddhist kingdom | 46 - 658 AD |
Kushan Empire | Bagram, Peshawar, Taxila, Mathura | Empire | 30 - 375 AD |
Khwarezm | Kath, Gurganj | Kingdom | 180 BC - 98 AD |
Lazica | Phasis | Kingdom/client | 1st century BC - 7th century AD |
Macedonian Empire | Pella | Empire | 334 - 323 BC |
Maurya Empire | Pataliputra | Empire | 322-185 BC |
Parthian Empire | Ctesiphon | Empire | 247 BC - 224 AD |
Persian Empire | Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa | Empire | 549 - 330 BC |
Scythia | Neopolis | Tribal kingdom | 690BC-250 BC |
Seleucid Empire | Seleucia, Antioch | Empire | 312 - 63 BC |
Sogdiana | Samarkand, Bukhara, Khujand, Kesh | Kingdom/client | 750 - 550 BC |
East Asia
Name | Capital/s | Type | Existed |
---|---|---|---|
Âu Lạc | Cổ Loa | Kingdom | 257-207 BC |
Ba | Yíchéng | Tribal confederation | 13th century - 311 BC |
Baekje | Wirye, Ungjin, Sabi | Kingdom | 18 BC - 660 AD |
Buyeo | Buyeoseong | Kingdom | 189 BC - 494 AD |
Cai | Shàngcài, Xīncài, Xiàcài | Client-Marquisate | 980-447 BC |
Cao | Táoqiū | Client-Dukedom | 1053-487 BC |
Champa | Indrapura, Vijaya, Panduranga | Kingdom | 192 – 1832 AD |
Chen | Wǎnqiū | Client-Dukedom | 1046 - 479 BC |
Chi Tu | Kingdom | 100 BC - 7th century AD | |
Chouchi | Lüeyang | Principality | 184 – 511 AD |
Chu | Danyang, JiangYing, JiYing, Shouchun, | Client-viscountcy/kingdom | 1030 - 223 BC |
Dian | Kingdom | 300 - 109 BC | |
Donghu | Nomadic tribal confederation | 1400 - 150 BC | |
Funan | Vyadhapura,Óc Eo | Kingdom | 60 - 550 AD |
Gangga Negara | Gangga Negara | Kingdom | 2nd - 11th centuries AD |
Gaya | Gaya | Confederacy | 42 - 562 AD |
Goguryeo | Jolbon, Gungnae, Pyongyang. | Kingdom | 37 BC - 668 AD |
Gojoseon | Asadal, Wanggeom-seong | Kingdom | 2333 - 108 BC |
Han Empire | Chang'an, Luoyang, Xuchang | Empire | 206 BC-220 AD |
Kofun period (Japan) | 300-538 | ||
Jin | Tribal federation | 550-108 BC | |
Jin | Tang, Quwo, Jiang, Xintian | Client-marquisate/dukedom | 1042-376 BC |
Jolbon | Tribal kingdom | 1st century - 37 BC | |
Langkasuka | Kedah, Pattani | Kingdom | 100 - 1516 AD |
Kushan Empire | Bagram, Peshawar, Taxila, Mathura | Empire | 30 - 375 AD |
Langkasuka | Kedah, Pattani | Kingdom | 100 - 1516 AD |
Mahan | Cheonan | Confederacy | 98 BC - 250 AD |
Maurya Empire | Pataliputra | Empire | 322-185 BC |
Na | Kingdom | 1st century - 3rd century AD | |
Nanyue | Panyu | Kingdom | 204-111 BC |
Pi | Xuecheng | Earldom/client | 1046-418 BC |
Pyu | Sri Ksetra | Federated city states | 250 BC - 1085 AD |
Qi | Qi | Dukedom | 1600-445 BC |
Qi | Linzi | Client-Dukedom | 1046-221 BC |
Qin | Qin, Quanqiu, Qian, Pingyang | Client-marquisate/dukedom | 858-221 BC |
Qin Empire | Xianyang | Empire | 221-206 BC |
Siljik | Kingdom | 102 - 6th century AD | |
Silla | Gyeongju | Kingdom | 55 BC - 935 AD |
Sui | Suizhou | Marquisate & Client | 771-221 BC |
Sumpa | Tribal chiefdom/client | 1600 BC - 7th century AD | |
Shu | Kingdom | 1046-316 BC | |
Teng | Tengzhou | Viscountcy | 1046-414 BC |
Thaton | Thaton | Kingdom | 300 BC - 1085 AD |
Wim Joseon | Wanggeom-seong | Kingdom | 194-108 BC |
Wei | Anyi, Daliang | Marquisate/kingdom | 403-225 BC |
Văn Lang | Anyang | Confederation/kingdom | 2879-258 BC |
Xu | Gusu | Viscountcy/client | 2000-512 BC |
Xianbei | Nomadic (empire) | 93-234 AD | |
Xiongnu | Tribal confederation (empire) | 209 - 155 BC | |
Yamatai | Kingdom | 1st century - 3rd cenruty AD | |
Yan | Ji | Principality | 1046-222 BC |
Zhongshan | Nomadic kingdom | 580-296 BC | |
Zhou | Haojing, Luoyi | Kingdom | 1046-256 BC |
Zou | Viscountacy/dukedom | 1012-350 BC | |
South Asia
Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
---|---|---|---|
Anarta | Dvaraka | Kingdom | 1100-550 BC |
Anuradhapura | Anuradhapura | Kingdom | 377 BC - 1017 AD |
Anga | Champa or Campā | Kingdom | 1380-550 BC |
Avanti | Mahissati, Ujjaini | Kingdom | 900-322 BC |
Ay | Aykudi | Kingdom | 4th century BC - 12th century AD |
Chola | Urayur/Kaveripattinam | Kingdom | 2645-110 BC |
Danda | Janasthana | Kingdom | 1100 - 450 BC |
Drangiana | Tribal chiefdom | 950 - 600 BC | |
Gangaridai | Ganges | Kingdom | 450 - 200 BC |
Greco-Bactria | Bactra, Alexandria on the Oxus | Kingdom | 256 - 125 BC |
Haryanka | Rajagriha, later Pataliputra | Kingdom | 684 - 413 BC |
Indo-Greek | Alexandria in the Caucasus, Taxila, Sagala | Kingdom | 180 BC - 10 AD |
Indo-Parthia | Taxila | Kingdom | 12 BC - 98 AD |
Indo-Scythia | Sigal, Taxila, Mathura | Kingdom | 200 BC - 400 AD |
Kalinga | Dantapura/Rajapura | Kingdom | 1376-285 BC |
Kalinga Republic | Dantapura/Rajapura | Republic | 285 - 261 BC |
Kamboja | Rajapura | Kingdom | 1450 - 195 BC |
Kasmira | Asirgarh Qila | Kingdom | 1250 - 322 BC |
Kimpurusha | Kingdom | 1000 - 325 BC | |
Kirata | Tribal kingdom | 1350 - c. 300 BC | |
Kosala | Shravasti | Kingdom | 1000 - 266 BC |
Kuninda | Shravasti | Kingdom | 500 BC - 300 AD |
Kushan Empire | Bagram, Peshawar, Taxila, Mathura | Empire | 30 - 375 AD |
Lanka | Lankapura | Kingdom | 1100 - 543 BC |
Macedonian Empire | Pella | Empire | 334 - 323 BC |
Magadha | Rajagriha/Rajgir /Pataliputra | Kingdom | 799 - 323 BC |
Malla | Kusavati, Pava | Republic | 780 - 323 BC |
Matsya | Bairat | Kingdom | 1180 - 318 BC |
Maurya Empire | Pataliputra | Empire | 322 - 185 BC |
Mushika | Ezhimalai | Kingdom | 3rd century BC - 4th century AD |
Nanda Empire | Pataliputra | Empire | 345 - 322 BC |
Panchala | Ahichatra, Kampilya | Confederacy | 1100 - 700 BC |
Panchala | Ahichatra, Kampilya | Kingdom/republic | 700 - 323 BC |
Pandya | Madurai | Kingdom | 1350 - 460 BC |
Pallava Empire | Kanchi | Empire | 250 BC - 800 AD |
Parthian Empire | Ctesiphon | Empire | 247 BC - 224 AD |
Parvata | Kingdom | c. 9th century - 325 BC | |
Persian Empire | Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa | Empire | 549 - 330 BC |
Pundra | Pundravardhana | Kingdom | 1300 BC - 550 AD |
Rajarata | Anuradhapura, Sigiriya, Polonnaruwa | Kingdom | 377 BC -1310 AD |
Ror | Rori | Kingdom | 450 BC - 489 AD |
Ruhuna | Magama | Principality | 200 BC - 450 AD |
Samatata | Samatata | Kingdom | 232 BC - 7th c AD |
Satavahana Empire | Amaravati | Empire | 230 BC - 230 AD |
Seleucid Empire | Seleucia, Antioch | Empire | 312 - 63 BC |
Shakya | Kapilavatthu | Monarchical Republic | 800 - 320 BC |
Shishunaga Empire | Rajagriha, Vaishali | Empire | 413 - 345 BC |
Sindhu | Vrsadarbhpura | Kingdom | 800 - 320 BC |
Sinhala | Methora | Kingdom | 700 - 505 BC |
Suhma | not specified | Kingdom | c. 8th century - 4th century BC |
Surasena | Methora | Kingdom | 1000 - 323 BC |
Tambapanni | Tambapanni | Kingdom | 543-505 BC |
Trigarta | Prasthala | Kingdom | 1150-322 BC |
Upatissa Nuwara | Upatissa Nuwara | Kingdom | 505-377 BC |
Vanga | Gange | Kingdom | 1300 BC - 580 AD |
Vatsa | Kauśāmbī | Kingdom | 1100-323 BC |
Vriji | Vaishali | Confederacy | 1250 - 322 BC |
Yaksha | Narmada | Kingdom | 1200 - 350 BC |
West Asia
name | capital | state type | existed |
---|---|---|---|
Adiabene | Arbela | Kingdom/client | 15 - 310 AD |
Antigonid Empire | Empire | 306 - 168 BC | |
Araba | Hatra | Kingdom | 3rd century BC - 300AD |
Armenia | Van | Kingdom | 553 BC - 428AD |
Armenia Minor | Kingdom | 331 - 72 BC | |
Atropatene | Ganzak | Kingdom/client | 320 BC - 226AD |
Awsan | Ḥajar Yaḥirr | Kingdom | 7th century BC - 100 AD |
Bithynia | Nicomedia, Nicaea | Kingdom/client | 297 - 74 BC |
Cappadocia | Mazaca | Kingdom/client | 332 - 130 BC |
Carmania | Kingdom/client | 600 BC - 651 AD | |
Chaldea | Bit Yakin | Kingdom | 1100 - 539 BC |
Characene | Charax Spasinou | Kingdom | 127 BC - 222 AD |
Cilicia | Tarsus | Kingdom | 795 - 546 BC |
Commagene | Samosata | Kingdom/client | 163 BC - 72 AD |
Corduene | Principality/kingdom/client | 800 BC - 653 AD | |
Doris | Doris | Kingdom | 1200-580 BC |
Edom | Rabbath Ammon | Kingdom | 1200 - 125 BC |
Elamite Empire | Susa | Empire | 1210-535 BC |
Elymais | Susa | Kingdom/client | 147 BC -224 AD |
Galatia | Ancyra | Empire | 280 - 64 BC |
Gardman | Parisos | Principality/kingdom/client | 66 - 428 AD |
Gedrosia | Kingdom/client | 600 BC - | |
Greco-Bactria | Bactra, Alexandria (Oxus) | Kingdom | 256 - 125 BC |
Hadhramaut | Kingdom | 700 BC - 320 AD | |
Haram | Haram | Kingdom city state | 600 - 175 BC |
Heraclea Pontica | Heraclea Pontica | Oligarchic republic | 365 - 284 BC |
Indo-Greek | Alexandria(Caucasus), Taxila, Sagala | Kingdom | 180 BC - 10 AD |
Indo-Parthia | Taxila | Kingdom | 12 BC - 98 AD |
Indo-Scythia | Sigal, Taxila, Mathura | Kingdom | 200 BC - 400 AD |
Judah | Jerusalem | Kingdom | 9th century BC - 586 BC |
Judea | Jerusalem | Kingdom/client | 539 BC - 135 AD |
Kindah | Qaryat Dhāt Kāhil | Tribal kingdom | 2nd century BC - 525 AD |
Lesser Armenia | Principality | 331 - 72 BC | |
Lycaonia | Iconium | Kingdom | 340-200 BC |
Lycia | Xanthos, Patara | Kingdom | 1183-546 BC |
Lydian Empire | Sardis | Empire | 680-546 BC |
Macedonian Empire | Pella | Empire | 334 - 323 BC |
Magan | Kingdom | 2200-550 BC | |
Ma'in | ?/ Yathill | Kingdom | 580-85 BC |
Median Empire | Ecbatana | Empire | 678-549 BC |
Mysia | Pergamon | Kingdom | 1320 - 301 BC [4] |
Nabataea | Petra | Kingdom | 168 BC - 106 AD |
Neo-Babylonian Empire | Babylon | Empire | 626 - 539 BC |
Osroene | Edessa | Kingdom/client | 134 BC - 244 AD |
Paphlagonia | Gangra | Kingdom | 1480 - 183 BC[5] |
Pamphylia | Perga | Kingdom | 398 - 190 BC |
Parsua | Tribal chiefdom/kingdom[6] | 860-600 BC | |
Parthian Empire | Ctesiphon | Empire | 247 BC - 224 AD |
Pergamon | Pegamon | Kingdom | 282 - 133 BC |
Persian Empire | Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa | Empire | 549 - 330 BC |
Pontic Empire | Amaseia, Sinope | Empire | 250 BC - 68 AD |
Pontus | Amaseia, Sinope | Kingdom | 281 - 250 BC |
Qataban | Timna | Kingdom | 6th century BC - 2nd century AD |
Ptolemaic | Alexandria | Kingdom/empire | 305 - 30 BC |
Roman Empire | Rome, Constantinople | Empire | 27 BC - 1453 AD |
Roman Republic | Rome | Republic | 509 - 27 BC |
Seleucid Empire | Seleucia, Antioch | Empire | 312 - 63 BC |
Sophene | Karkathiokerta | Kingdom | 298 - 94 BC |
Zabdicene | Principality/client | 780 BC - 5th century AD | |
Zikirti | Kingdom | 750 - 521 BC | |
See also
- List of Iron Age states
- List of states during Late Antiquity
- List of states during the Middle Ages
- List of former sovereign states
- List of states in the 6th century BC
- List of states in the 5th century BC
- List of states in the 4th century BC
- List of states in the 3rd century BC
- List of states in the 2nd century BC
- List of states in the 1st century BC
- List of states in the 1st century
- List of states in the 2nd century
- List of ancient great powers
References
- Walbank, Frank William; Griffith, Guy Thompson (1972). A History of Macedonia: 336-167 B.C. ISBN 9780198148159. Missing
|author1=
(help) - Pritchard, James Cowles. "Kingdoms of Italy: Research into the Physical History of Mankind". 1999-2014. The History Files. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- "Definition of State Type". 2014. Dictionary.com. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- "Kingdoms of Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- "Middle East Kingdoms Ancient Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
- Eduljee, K D. "Zoroastrian Heritage The Zagros". 2012. The Heritage Site. Retrieved 9 April 2014.