List of works by Caspar David Friedrich

This is an incomplete list of works by the German Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich (1774–1840) by completion date where known. Friedrich was a prolific artist who produced over 500 attributed works; however, he is generally known for only a small number of works seen as emblems of Romanticism.[1]

Gerhard von Kügelgen, Portrait of Caspar David Friedrich (c. 1810–1820)

In line with Romantic ideals of the time, Friedrich intended that his paintings would function visually only, and thus he was cautious that the titles given to his work were not overly descriptive or evocative. It is likely that some of today's relatively literal titles, such as The Stages of Life, were not given by the artist himself, but were instead adopted during one of the revivals of interest in the artist during the late 19th or early 20th century.[2]

Complications arise when dating Friedrich's work, mainly because he often did not directly name or date his canvases. However, he kept a carefully detailed notebook on his output, which has been used by scholars to tie paintings to their completion dates.[1]

Paintings
Painting Name German name Year Technique Dimensions City Gallery Notes
Landscape with Temple Ruins 1797 Oil on canvas
Wreck in the Ice-sea Wrack im Eismeer 1798 Oil on canvas 31.4x23.6 cm Hamburg Kunsthalle The attribution of this work to Friedrich is disputed.
View of Arkona with Rising Moon and Nets Blick auf Arkona mit aufgehendem Mond und Netzen 1803 Pencil and brush (sepia ink) Vienna Albertina
West Facade of the Eldena Ruins with Bakehouse and Barn Westfassade der Ruine Eldena mit Backhaus und Scheune 1806 Oil on canvas Angers Musée des Beaux-Arts
Seashore and Fisherman Meeresstrand mit Fischer c. 1807 Oil on canvas 33.5 x 51 cm Vienna Österreichische Galerie Belvedere
The Summer Der Sommer 1807 Oil on canvas 71.4 x 103.6 cm Munich Neue Pinakothek
Dolmen in the Snow Hünengrab im Schnee 1807 Oil on canvas 61.5x80 cm Dresden Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
Fog Nebel 1807 Oil on canvas 34.5 x 52 cm Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum
Cross in the Mountains (Tetschen Altar) Das Kreuz im Gebirge (Tetschener Altar) 1808 Oil on canvas 115 x 110 cm Dresden Galerie Neue Meister [3]
Portrait of a Man 1808-1810 Oil on canvas 51.7 x 42.4 cm Hanover Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum
Morning Fog in the Mountains Morgennebel im Gebirge 1808 Oil on canvas 71x104 cm Rudolstadt Museum Schloss Heidecksburg
The Heldstein near Rathen 1808 Oil on canvas
Winter Winter (Klosterruine Eldena) 1808 Oil on canvas NA NA 1931- destroyed by fire in the Glaspalast, Munich
The Monk by the Sea Der Mönch am Meer 1809 Oil on canvas 115 x 110 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
The Abbey in the Oakwood Abtei im Eichwald 1809-1810 Oil on canvas 110 x 171 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie [4]
Giant Mountains Landscape with Rising Fog Riesengebirgslandschaft mit aufsteigendem Nebel 1809-1810 Oil on canvas 54.9 x 70.4 cm cm Munich Neue Pinakothek
Mountain Landscape and Rainbow Gebirgslandschaft mit Regenbogen 1810 Oil on canvas 70x102 cm Essen Museum Folkwang
Bohemian Landscape with Mount Milleschauer Böhmische Landschaft mit dem Milleschauer 1808 Oil on canvas 70 x 104 cm Dresden Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
Morning in the Giant Mountains Morgen im Riesengebirge 1810-1811 Oil on canvas 108 x 170 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
Landscape with Rainbow Landschaft mit Regenbogen c. 1810 Oil on canvas 59 x 84.5 cm unknown
Winter Landscape Winterlandschaft 1811 Oil on canvas 32 x 45 cm London National Gallery, London
Winter Landscape Winterlandschaft 1811 Oil on canvas 32.5 x 45 cm Schwerin Staatliches Museum [5]
Winter Landscape with Church Winterlandschaft mit Kirche 1811 Oil on canvas 33 x 45 cm Dortmund Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte
Rocks in the Harz mountain Felspartie im Harz 1811 Oil on canvas 32 x 45 cm Dresden Galerie Neue Meister
The Cross in the Mountains Das Kreuz im Gebirge 1812 Oil on canvas 45 x 37 cm Düsseldorf Museum Kunst Palast [6]
Old Heroes' Graves Gräber gefallener Freiheitskrieger 1812 Oil on canvas 49.5 × 70.5 cm Hamburg Kunsthalle
Cross in the Mountains Kreuz im Wald 1813 Oil on canvas 42 x 32 cm Stuttgart Staatsgalerie Inv. Nr. L 569
The Chasseur in the Forest Der Chasseur im Walde 1814 Oil on canvas 66 x 47 cm Private collection
Cross in the Mountains Kreuz im Gebirge (Der Ilsenstein) Perhaps 1814 Oil on canvas 71.7 cm wide, 128 cm at highest point Gotha Schlossmuseum
The Cross beside the Baltic Kreuz an der Ostsee 1815 Oil on canvas 45 x 33,5 cm Berlin Schloss Charlottenburg [7]
Sailing Ship Segelschiff 1815 Oil on canvas 72.3 x 51 cm Chemnitz Städtische Kunstsammlungen Inv. n. 215
View of a Harbour Ansicht eines Hafens 1815-16 Oil on canvas 90 x 71 cm Berlin Sanssouci Palace
Greifswald in Moonlight Greifswald im Mondschein 1816-17 Oil on canvas 22.5 x 30.5 cm Oslo National gallery
Two Men by the Sea 1817 Oil on canvas 51 x 66 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
Coastal Landscape in Twilight Küstenlandschaft in der Dämmerung 1816-1818 Oil on canvas 22 x 31 cm Lübeck Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte Inv. Nr. 1950/5
Neubrandenburg c. 1817 Oil on canvas 91 x 72 cm Greifswald Pommersches Landesmuseum
The Wanderer above the Mists Der Wanderer über dem Nebelmeer 1817-18 Oil on canvas 94,8 x 74,8 cm Hamburg Kunsthalle Hamburg [8]
The Cathedral 1818 Oil on canvas 70 x 152 cm
Garden Bower in Greifswald Gartenlaube in Greifswald 1818 Oil on canvas 30.0 x 21.5 cm Munich Neue Pinakothek Inv.-Nr. FV 10
Chalk Cliffs on Rügen Kreidefelsen auf Rügen c. 1818 Oil on canvas 90,5 x 71 cm Winterthur Stiftung Oskar Reinhart [9]
Woman on the Beach of Rügen Frau am Strand von Rügen c. 1818 Oil on canvas Winterthur Stiftung Oskar Reinhart
Woman before the Rising Sun (Woman before the Setting Sun) Frau vor untergehender Sonne (Sonnenuntergang, Sonnenaufgang, Frau in der Morgensonne) 1818-1820 Oil on canvas 22 x 30 cm Essen Museum Folkwang [10]
Greifswald Harbour Schiffe im Hafen von Greifswald 1818-20 Oil on canvas 90 x 70 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie [11]
On the Sailing Boat Auf dem Segler c. 1819 Oil on canvas 71 x 56 cm St. Petersburg Hermitage Museum
Monastery Graveyard in the Snow (Cloister Cemetery in the Snow) Klosterfriedhof im Schnee 1819 Oil on canvas Formerly in Alte Nationalgalerie (destroyed 1945)
Dolmen in the Fall Hünengrab im Herbst c. 1820 Dresden Galerie Neue Meister
Swans in the Reeds at Dawn Schwäne im Schilf beim ersten Morgenrot c. 1819/1820 Oil on canvas 38 x 44 cm Frankfurt/M., Freies Deutsches Hochstift Frankfurter Goethe-Museum
Two Men Contemplating the Moon Zwei Männer in Betrachtung des Mondes 1819-20 Oil on canvas 35 x 44 cm Dresden Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister [12]
Oak in the Snow 1820 Oil on canvas 44 x 34,5 cm Cologne Wallraf-Richartz Museum
River Bank in Fog 22 x 33,5 cm 1821 Oil on canvas Cologne Wallraf-Richartz Museum
The Sisters on the Balcony Nacht im Hafen (Schwestern) c. 1820 Oil on canvas 74 x 52 cm St. Petersburg Hermitage Museum [13]
Drifting Clouds Ziehende Wolken c. 1820 Oil on canvas 18,3 x 24,5 cm Hamburg Kunsthalle Hamburg
Evening Der Abend c. 1820-21 Oil on canvas 22 x 30.5 Hannover Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum
Morning Der Morgen c. 1820-21 Oil on canvas 22 x 30.5 Hannover Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum
View of the Baltic 1820-1825 Oil on canvas 34,5 x 44 cm Düsseldorf Museum Kunst Palast
Fog in the Elbe Valley 1821 Oil on canvas 33 x 43 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
Moonrise by the Sea Mondaufgang am Meer c.1821 Oil on canvas 135 x 170 cm St. Petersburg Hermitage Museum
Morning in the Mountains 1822-23 Oil on canvas 135 x 170 cm St. Petersburg Hermitage Museum
The Tree of Crows Krähen auf einem Baum c. 1822 Oil on canvas 59 x 73 cm Paris Musée du Louvre
The Lonely Tree Der einsame Baum 1822 Oil on canvas 55 x 71 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
Moonrise Over the Sea Mondaufgang am Meer 1822 Oil on canvas 55 x 71 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
Meadows near Greifswald Wiesen bei Greifswald c. 1822 Oil on canvas 34,5 x 48,3 cm Hamburg Kunsthalle Hamburg
Woman at a Window 1822 Oil on canvas 44 x 37 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
Rocky Ravine Felsenlandschaft im Elbsandsteingebirge 1822-23 Oil on canvas 94 x 74 cm Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum
Ruins of Eldena, near Greifswald Klosterruine Eldena bei Greifswald 1825 Oil on canvas 35 x 49 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie Inv. Nr. A II 574
The Sea of Ice Das Eismeer (Die gescheiterte Hoffnung) 1824 Oil on canvas 96,7 x 126,9 cm Hamburg Kunsthalle Hamburg
Hill and Ploughed Field near Dresden 1824 Oil on canvas 22,2 x 30,5 cm Hamburg Kunsthalle Hamburg
Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon Mann und Frau in Betrachtung des Mondes c. 1824 Oil on canvas 34 x 44 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
Evening Der Abend Oct 1824 Oil on cardboard 20 x 27,5 cm Mannheim Kunsthalle Mannheim
Rocky Reef on the Sea Shore c. 1824 Oil on canvas 22 x 31 cm Karlsruhe Staatliche Kunsthalle
Trees and Bushes in the Snow Bäume und Sträucher im Schnee c. 1825 Oil on canvas 31 x 25.5 cm Dresden Galerie Neue Meister
The Cemetery Entrance 1825 Oil on canvas 143 x 110 cm Dresden Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
The Cemetery Gate (The Churchyard) 1825-1830 Oil on canvas 31 x 25 cm Bremen Kunsthalle Bremen
Seashore with Shipwreck by Moonlight 1825-1830 Oil on canvas 77 x 97 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
The Watzmann 1824-25 Oil on canvas 135 x 170 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
Graveyard under Snow 1826 Oil on canvas 31 x 25 cm Leipzig Museum der bildenden Künste
The Oaktree in the Snow 1829 Oil on canvas 71 x 48 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
Boats in the Harbour at Evening Schiffe im Hafen am Abend c. 1828 Oil on canvas 76,5 x 88,2 cm Dresden Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
The Evergreens by the Waterfall Tannen am Wasserfall 1828 Oil on canvas 44,2 x 34,8 cm Hamburg Hamburger Kunsthalle
The Temple of Juno in Agrigento Junotempel in Agrigent c. 1828-1830 Oil on canvas 53.3 x 71.5 cm Dortmund Museum am Ostwall Inv. Nr. C 5022
Evening Landscape with Two Men 1830-1835 Oil on canvas 25 x 31 cm St. Petersburg Hermitage Museum
The Giant Mountains 1830-1835 Oil on canvas 72 x 102 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
The Grosse Gehege near Dresden Das Große Gehege (Ostra-Gehege) bei Dresden c. 1832 Oil on canvas 73,5 x 102,5 cm Dresden Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
Neubrandenburg in Flames
(Sunrise near Neubrandenburg),(Sunrise near Neubrandenburg)		 c. 1835 Oil on canvas 72 x 101 cm Hamburg Kunsthalle Hamburg [14]
Wreck in the Moonlight c. 1835 Oil on canvas 31,3 x 42,5 cm Berlin Alte Nationalgalerie
The Stages of Life Die Lebensstufen 1835 Oil on canvas 72.5 x 94 cm Leipzig Museum der bildenden Künste
Landschaft mit dem Rosenberg in der böhmischen Schweiz c. 1835 Oil on canvas 34.9 x 48.5 cm Frankfurt am Main Städelsches Kunstinstitut Inv. Nr. 1821
Seashore in Moonlight Meeresufer im Mondschein 1835 Hamburg Kunsthalle
Wald im Spätherbst (Waldwasser, Herbstwald) 1835 Oil on canvas 35 x 44 cm Erfurt Angermuseum Inv. Nr. 3626
Monument to Goethe 1835 Oil on canvas
Countryside in the Character of the Bohemian Central Uplands (Giant Mountains) Landschaft im Charakter des böhmischen Mittelgebirges (Riesengebirge) c. 1830-1835 Oil on canvas 27 x 103 cm NA NA Missing since 1945
The Dreamer Der Träumer 1820-1840 Oil on canvas 27 x 21 cm St. Petersburg The Hermitage

Drawings, watercolours, and prints
ArtworkName
German nameYearTechniqueDimensionsCityGalleryNotes
Schriftblatt: Gott hat selbst in unsere Schmerzen December 1, 1788 Pen, ink and watercolour 207 x 329 mm Greifswald Museum der Stadt Greifswald
Female Nude in the Style of Johann Daniel Preißler Weiblicher Akt nach Preißler 1790-1794 Pencil 321 x 201 mm Greifswald Museum der Stadt Greifswald
Die Luisen-Quelle in Frederiksdahl 1797 Pen, ink and watercolour 289 x 244 mm Hamburg Hamburger Kunsthalle
Die Frederiksberger Quelle bei Kopenhagen I July 9, 1797 Brown ink and watercolour 217 x 168 mm Dresden Kupferstich-Kabinett
Landscape with Pavilion Landschaft mit Pavillon c. 1797 Pen, ink and watercolour 167 x 217 mm Hamburg Kunsthalle Hamburg [15]
Fishing Boat Fischerboot 1798 Pencil 103 x 168 mm Greifswald Museum der Stadt Greifswald
Tree, Ship, and Nets Baum, Boot, Netze c. 1798 Pencil 150 x 165 mm Greifswald Museum der Stadt Greifswald
Studie eines sitzendes Jünglings May 7, 1798 Pen, ink and watercolour 289 x 244 mm Prague National Gallery in Prague
Portrait of the Pastor and Poet Ernst Theodor Johann Brûckner Bildnis des Pastors und Dichters Ernst Theodor Johann Brûckner c. 1798 Black chalk 251 x 199 mm Berlin Staatliche Museen, Berlin
Self-Portrait Selbstportrait 1800 Black chalk 420 x 276 mm Copenhagen Statens Museum for Kunst [16]
Mother Heiden Mutter Heiden 1798–1802 Black chalk 420 x 276 mm Greifswald Pommersches Landesmuseum [17]
Portrait of Adolph Gottlieb Friedrich Bildnis des Vaters Adolph Gottlieb Friedrich c. 1798-1802 Black chalk 250 x 205 mm Greifswald Museum der Stadt Greifswald
Scene from Schiller's "The Robbers" Szene aus Schillers

"Die Räuber"

 1800–01 Pen and sepia 203 x 263 mm Greifswald Pommersches Landesmuseum
Self-Portrait with Cap and Sighting Eye-Shield Selbstportrait mit Mütze und Augenklappe 1802 Pencil, brush and ink 175 x 105 mm Hamburg Kunsthalle Hamburg [18]
 Hiker at the Milestone Wanderer am Grenzstein 1802 Sepia
Adolf Gottlieb Friedrich, Reading Adolf Gottlieb Friedrich,

lesend

 1802 Black chalk 346 x 320 mm Mannheim Kunsthalle Mannheim
The Woman with the spider's web between bare trunks Die Frau mit dem Spinnennetz zwischen unbelaubten Baumstümpfen 1803 Woodcut; block cut by Friedrich's brother Christian 171 x 119 mm Various (block in Hamburg Kunsthalle) [19]
 Woman with a Raven at an Abyss Die Frau mit dem Raben am Abgrund 1803-04 Woodcut; block cut by Friedrich's brother Christian 171 x 119 mm Various museums, including Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York [20]
 Pilgrimage at Sunset (Sunrise) Pilgerreise im Sonnenuntergang (Sonnenaufgang) 1805 Sepia 405 x 620 mm Weimar Kunstsammlungen
View from the Painter's Studio Blick aus dem Maleratelier 1805-06 Sepia Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum
Ruins of Eldena Klosterruine Eldena 1806 Watercolor and ink
Cross in the Mountains Kreuz in den Bergen 1805-06 Pencil and sepia 640 x 931 mm Berlin Kupferstichkabinett (Print room) at Kulturforum, Staatliche Museen
Giant Grave by the Sea Riesengruft am Meer 1806-07 Pen, brush and sepia over graphite 645 x 950 mm Weimar Staatliche Kunstsammlungen
Self-Portrait Selbstprotrait 1810 Black chalk 228 x 182 mm Berlin Kupferstichkabinett (Print room) at Kulturforum, Staatliche Museen [8]
 Window Looking over the Park Fenster mit Blick über den Park c.1810-11 Sepia and pencil 39.8x30.5 cm St. Petersburg The Hermitage
The Marketplace in Greifswald Der Marktplatz in Greifswald 1818 Pencil, ink and watercolour
View of Greifswald from the East Blick auf Greifswald vom Osten 1818 Watercolour
The Ruins of Eldena Die Ruinen von Eldena c. 1825 Pencil, ink and watercolour 178 x 229 mm Private collection [21]
 Chalk Cliffs on Rügen

(Watercolour)

 Kreidefelsen auf Rügen (Wasserfarben) 1824-1826 Watercolour 25 x 32 cm
The Rock Gates in Neurathen Die Felsentore in Neurathen c.1826-1828 Watercolor over pencil 27.9x24.5 cm. St. Petersburg The Hermitage
Ruins of Teplitz Castle Ruinen der Teplitz-Burg 1828 Pencil, ink and watercolour
Mountainous River Landscape (Night Version) Von Bergen umgebene Flusslandschaft (Nachtversion) 1830-1835 Mixed media on transparent paper 77 x 127 cm Kassel Staatliche Museen
Mountainous River Landscape (Day Version) Von Bergen umgebene Flusslandschaft

(Tagesversion)

 1830-1835 Mixed media on transparent paper 77 x 127 cm Kassel Staatliche Museen [22]
 Two Young Men on the Sea Shore by the Rising Moon Zwei junge Männer am Strand bei aufgehendem Mond 1835 Sepia
Vulture on a Spade Geier auf Spaten 1835 Sepia
Moonrise Mondaufgang c.1835-1837 Sepia and pencil 24.5x34.5 cm St. Petersburg The Hermitage
Owl in a Gothic Window Eule im Gotischen Fenster c.1836 Sepia and pencil 37.8x25.6 cm St. Petersburg The Hermitage
Landscape with Grave, Coffin and Owl Landschaft mit Grab, Sarg und Eule 1836-37 Sepia over pencil 385 x 383 mm Hamburg Kunsthalle Hamburg [23]
 Owl upon the Grave Marker Eule auf Grabkreuz 1836-37 Sepia over pencil Moscow Pushkin Museum
Owl Flying against a Moonlit Sky Eule, die gen mondbeschienenen Himmel fliegt 1836-37 Sepia over pencil 27.9x24.4 cm St. Petersburg The Hermitage
Boat on the Shore, Moonrise Boot am Ufer, Mondaufgang 1837-1839 Sepia over pencil 24.4x41.6 cm St. Petersburg The Hermitage
Landscape in the Giant Mountains Landschaft im Riesengebirge Unknown Watercolor over pencil Winterthur Oskar Reinhart Foundation

References
  1. Siegel, 3
  2. "caspar david friedrich inventing romanticism Archived 2008-12-08 at the Wayback Machine". designboom.com. Retrieved on October 21, 2008.
  3. Wolf, 28
  4. Vaughan, 122
  5. "Malerei des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts". Archived from the original on 2007-07-07. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
  6. Vaughan, 86
  7. Vaughan, 124
  8. Vaughan, 94
  9. Wolf, 52
  10. "A German Dream: Masterpieces of Romanticism from the Nationalgalerie Berlin Archived 2010-03-04 at the Wayback Machine". National Gallery of Ireland, September 2004. Retrieved on November 21, 2008.
  11. Vaughan, 162
  12. Siege, 102
  13. Vaughan, 115
  14. Vaughan, 301
  15. Vaughan, 32
  16. Vaughan, 37
  17. Wolf, 94
  18. Vaughan, 50
  19. Griffiths, Antony and Carey, Francis; German Printmaking in the Age of Goethe, p. 206, 1994, British Museum Press, ISBN 0-7141-1659-9
  20. Griffiths, Antony and Carey, Francis; German Printmaking in the Age of Goethe, p. 206, 1994, British Museum Press, ISBN 0-7141-1659-9
  21. Vaughan, 191
  22. Vaughan, 271
  23. Siegel, 131

Sources
  • Siegel, Linda. Caspar David Friedrich and the Age of German Romanticism. Branden Publishing Co, 1978. ISBN 0-8283-1659-7.
  • Vaughan, William. Friedrich. London: Phaidon Press, 2004. ISBN 0-7148-4060-2.
  • Wolf, Norbert. Friedrich. Cologne: Taschen, 2003. ISBN 3-8228-2293-0.


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