Marriner S. Eccles

Born in Logan, Utah to David and Ellen (Stoddard) Eccles, a Mormon polygamist family on September 9, 1890. He was the eldest of the nine children by Ellen Stoddard, David Eccles’ second wife. His family was extended by another twelve siblings from his father's first wife.[4] Eccles was educated at the public schools of Baker, Oregon and attended Brigham Young College and served a Latter-day Saint mission to Scotland. After his mission, while working in a family enterprise in Blacksmith Fork Canyon, he learned of the untimely death of his father, David Eccles. With great skill and tenacity, he was able to reorganize and consolidate the assets of his father's industrial conglomerate and banking network. Eccles expanded the banking interests into a large western chain of banks called Eccles-Browning Affiliated Banks. He was a millionaire by age 22. The company withstood several bank runs during the Great Depression and, as a leading banker, Eccles became involved with the creation of the Emergency Banking Act of 1933 and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. In 1913, he married the former May Campbell Young. The couple did not have a happy marriage, caused partly by Eccles' lack of attention towards her, and although they were legally married 35 years until their divorce in 1948, they separated soon after the marriage and lived largely separate lives.[5]

After a brief stint at the Treasury Department and with the support of treasury secretary Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Eccles was appointed by President Roosevelt as the Chairman of the Federal Reserve. Eccles was reappointed chair in 1936, 1940, and 1944 and served until 1948.[6] In February 1944, Roosevelt appointed Eccles for another 14-year term on the board and Eccles stayed on the board until 1951, when he resigned a few months after the 1951 Accord.[2] Eccles had also participated in post-World War II Bretton Woods negotiations that created the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.

Eccles retired to Utah in 1951 to run his companies and write his memoirs, titled Beckoning Frontiers: Public and Personal Recollections. He further consolidated industrial and family assets, finally organizing a series of foundations representing assets that he had managed for various family members. These foundations have served Utah and the Intermountain West in support of educational, artistic, humanitarian, and scientific activities. He died in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1977 and was entombed in the Larkin Sunset Lawn Mausoleum.

Eccles was and is seen as an early proponent of demand stimulus projects to fend off the ravages of the Great Depression. Eccles was famously rebuked by Congresswoman Jessie Sumner (R, IL) during a House of Representatives hearing on the increasingly liberal policies of the Roosevelt administration and the Federal Reserve, when she said, "you just love socialism."[7] He became known as a defender of Keynesian ideas, though his ideas predated Keynes' The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936). In that respect, he is considered by some to have seen monetary policy having secondary importance and that as a result he allowed the Federal Reserve to be sublimated to the interests of the Treasury. In this view, the Federal Reserve after 1935 acquired new instruments to command monetary policy, but it did not change its behavior significantly.[2] Further, his defense of the Federal Reserve-Treasury accord in 1951 is sometimes seen as a reversal of his previous policy stances.

Marriner Eccles received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement, alongside his brother George S. Eccles, at the 1972 Achievement Summit in Salt Lake City.[8]

The Eccles Building that houses the headquarters of the Federal Reserve in Washington, D.C. was named after Eccles in 1982. The naming was a component of the Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act lead-sponsored by Senator Jake Garn (R, UT) and Congressman Fernand St. Germain (D, RI).[9]

• Eccles, Marriner S.; Hyman, Sidney (1951). Beckoning Frontiers: Public and Personal Recollections. Alfred A. Knopf. ASIN B0006DBTXI.
• Nelson, Mark Wayne. Jumping the Abyss: Marriner S. Eccles and the New Deal, 1933–1940 (University of Utah Press, 2017), xxvi, 424 pp
• Meltzer, Allan H. (2003). A History of the Federal Reserve – Volume 1: 1913–1951. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 415–738. ISBN 978-0226520001.
• Friedman, Milton; Schwartz, Anna J. (1993) [1963]. A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 523–534. ISBN 978-0691003542.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marriner Eccles.

• Utah History Encyclopedia Biography
• University of Utah Biography
• Biography, bookrags.com.
• Hyman, Sydney, Marriner S. Eccles: Private Entrepreneur and Public Servant (Palo Alto, CA: Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, 1976)
• Biography on Richmond Fed's website
• "People Who Made a Difference: Marriner S. Eccles", history.utah.gov.
• 1933 Senate Testimony
• Papers of Marriner S. Eccles digitized from holdings of the University of Utah
• Statements and Speeches of Marriner S. Eccles
• Marriner S. Eccles papers, 1910-1985
• Marriner S. Eccles photograph collection, 1940-1968
• Treasury-Federal Reserve Accord - Marriner Stoddard Eccles - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond
• Newspaper clippings about Marriner S. Eccles in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW