Nitrospirae

Nitrospirae is a phylum of bacteria. It contains only one class, Nitrospira, which itself contains one order (Nitrospirales) and one family (Nitrospiraceae). It includes multiple genera, such as Nitrospira, the largest. The first member of this phylum, Nitrospira marina, was discovered in 1985.[1] The second member, Nitrospira moscoviensis, was discovered in 1995.[2][3]

Nitrospirae
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Nitrospirae

Garrity & Holt 2001
Class:
Nitrospiria
Order:
Nitrospirales
Family:
Nitrospiraceae
Genera
  • Candidatus Magnetobacterium Spring et al. 1993
  • Candidatus Magnetoovum Lefevre et al. 2011
  • Leptospirillum (ex Markosyan 1972) Hippe 2000
  • Nitrospira Watson et al. 1986
Synonyms
  • Nitrospiraeota Oren et al. 2015

Nitrospirae contain nitrifying taxa which oxidize nitrite to nitrate (nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB[4]) and commamox bacteria Nitrospira inopinata discovered in 2015[5][6] and cultivated in 2017.[7]

Phylogeny
See also: Bacterial taxonomy

The phylogeny based on the work of the All-Species Living Tree Project.[8]

 
Leptospirillum
 

L. ferriphilum Coram and Rawlings 2002

 
 

L. ferrooxidans (ex Markosyan 1972) Hippe 2000 (type sp.)

 
 
Thermodesulfovibrio
 

T. hydrogeniphilus Haouari et al. 2009

 
 
 

T. aggregans Sekiguchi et al. 2008

 
 
 

T. thiophilus Sekiguchi et al. 2008

 
 
 

T. islandicus Sonne-Hansen and Ahring 2000

 
 

T. yellowstonii Henry et al. 1994 (type sp.)

 
 
 
 
 
 

Taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN)[9] and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[3]

  • Phylum "Nitrospirae" Garrity & Holt 2001 [Nitrospiraeota Oren et al. 2015 ]
    • Class Nitrospiria Oren et al. 2015 ["Nitrospirae"]
      • Order "Nitrospirales"
        • Family "Nitrospiraceae"
          • Genus "Candidatus Magnetobacterium" Spring et al. 1993
            • Species "Ca. M. bavaricum" Spring et al. 1993
            • Species "Ca. M. casensis" Lin et al. 2014
          • Genus "Candidatus Magnetoovum" Lefevre et al. 2011
            • Species "Ca. M. mohavensis" Lefevre et al. 2011
            • Species "Ca. M. chiemensis" Kolinko 2014
          • Genus Leptospirillum (ex Markosyan 1972) Hippe 2000
            • Species L. ferrodiazotrophum ♠ Tyson et al. 2005
            • Species L. rubarum ♠ Aliaga Goltsman et al. 2009
            • Species L. thermoferrooxidans Hippe 2000
            • Species L. ferriphilum Coram and Rawlings 2002
            • Species L. ferrooxidans (ex Markosyan 1972) Hippe 2000 (type sp.)
          • Genus Nitrospira Watson et al. 1986
            • Species "Ca. N. bockiana" ♠ Lebedeva et al. 2008
            • Species "Ca. N. inopinata" ♠ Daims et al. 2015
            • Species "Ca. N. nitrificans" ♠ van Kessel et al. 2015
            • Species "Ca. N. nitrosa" ♠ van Kessel et al. 2015
            • Species "Ca. N. salsa" ♠ Haaijer et al. 2013
            • Species N. calida ♠ Lebedeva et al. 2011
            • Species N. defluvii ♠ Nowka et al. 2015 ["Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii" Spieck et al. 2006]
            • Species N. japonica ♠ Ushiki et al. 2013
            • Species N. lenta Nowka et al. 2015
            • Species N. marina Watson et al. 1986 (type sp.)
            • Species N. moscoviensis Ehrich et al. 1995
            • Species N. inopinata Daims et al. 2015, van Kessel et al. 2015
          • Genus Thermodesulfovibrio Henry et al. 1994 emend. Sekiguchi et al. 2008
            • Species T. aggregans Sekiguchi et al. 2008
            • Species T. hydrogeniphilus Haouari et al. 2009
            • Species T. islandicus Sonne-Hansen and Ahring 2000
            • Species T. thiophilus Sekiguchi et al. 2008
            • Species T. yellowstonii Henry et al. 1994 (type sp.)

Notes:
♠ Strain found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but not listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)

See also

References
  1. Watson SW, Bock E, Valois FW, Waterbury JB, Schlosser U (1986). "Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium". Arch Microbiol. 144 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/BF00454947. S2CID 29796511.
  2. Ehrich S, Behrens D, Lebedeva E, Ludwig W, Bock E (July 1995). "A new obligately chemolithoautotrophic, nitrite-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrospira moscoviensis sp. nov. and its phylogenetic relationship". Archives of Microbiology. 164 (1): 16–23. doi:10.1007/BF02568729. PMID 7646315. S2CID 2702110.
  3. Sayers. "Nitrospirae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  4. Daims H, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH, Schleifer KH, Wagner M (November 2001). "In situ characterization of Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria active in wastewater treatment plants". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 67 (11): 5273–84. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.11.5273-5284.2001. PMC 93301. PMID 11679356.
  5. Daims H, Lebedeva EV, Pjevac P, Han P, Herbold C, Albertsen M, et al. (December 2015). "Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria". Nature. 528 (7583): 504–9. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..504D. doi:10.1038/nature16461. PMC 5152751. PMID 26610024.
  6. van Kessel MA, Speth DR, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH, Op den Camp HJ, Kartal B, et al. (December 2015). "Complete nitrification by a single microorganism". Nature. 528 (7583): 555–9. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..555V. doi:10.1038/nature16459. PMC 4878690. PMID 26610025.
  7. Kits KD, Sedlacek CJ, Lebedeva EV, Han P, Bulaev A, Pjevac P, et al. (September 2017). "Kinetic analysis of a complete nitrifier reveals an oligotrophic lifestyle". Nature. 549 (7671): 269–272. Bibcode:2017Natur.549..269K. doi:10.1038/nature23679. PMC 5600814. PMID 28847001.
  8. "16S rRNA-based LTP release 123 (full tree)" (PDF). Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  9. Euzéby JP. "Nitrospirae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2016-03-20.

Further reading


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