Pacific Grove, California

Pacific Grove is a coastal city in Monterey County, California in the United States. The 2010 United States Census population is 15,041. Pacific Grove is located between Point Pinos and Monterey.[1]

City of Pacific Grove
City in California
Point Pinos Lighthouse, the oldest continuously operating lighthouse on the West Coast (1855).
Seal
Location in Monterey County and the state of California
City of Pacific Grove
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 36°37′04″N 121°55′00″W
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyMonterey
Founded1875[1]
IncorporatedJuly 5, 1889[2]
Government
 • TypeCouncil-manager
 • MayorBill Peake[3]
 • State SenatorJohn Laird (D)[4]
 • AssemblymemberMark Stone (D)[4]
 • U. S. Rep.Jimmy Panetta (D)[5]
Area
 • Total4.00 sq mi (10.36 km2)
 • Land2.87 sq mi (7.43 km2)
 • Water1.13 sq mi (2.93 km2)  28.42%
Elevation151 ft (46 m)
Population
 • Total15,041
 • Estimate 
(2019)[9]
15,413
 • Density5,370.38/sq mi (2,073.79/km2)
Time zoneUTC-8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP code
93950
Area code(s)831
FIPS code06-54848
GNIS feature IDs1652821, 2411350
Websitewww.cityofpacificgrove.org

Pacific Grove has numerous Victorian-era houses, some of which have been turned into bed-and-breakfast inns. The city is also the location of the Point Pinos Lighthouse, the Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History and the Pacific Grove Art Center. Author John Steinbeck resided in Pacific Grove for a number of years. Later, the area was a filming location for A Summer Place starring Sandra Dee, for Roger Spottiswoode's 1989 film Turner & Hooch, and for the TV series Big Little Lies.

History

Pacific Grove was founded in 1875 when the Pacific Land Improvement Company, owned by David Jacks, donated acreage towards the first West Coast Chautauqua retreat formed by a group of Methodists who modeled the town after Ocean Grove, New Jersey.[1] In time, the butterflies, fragrant pines, and fresh sea air brought others to the Pacific Grove Retreat to rest and meditate. The initial camp meeting of the Pacific Coast branch of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle was held in Pacific Grove in June 1879. Modeled after the Methodist Sunday school teachers' training camp established in 1874 at Chautauqua Lake, New York, this location became part of a nationwide educational network.

The main shopping area in Pacific Grove
Pacific Grove, California city hall

In November 1879, after the summer campers returned home, Robert Louis Stevenson wandered into the deserted campgrounds: "I have never been in any place so dreamlike. Indeed, it was not so much like a deserted town as like a scene upon the stage by daylight, and with no one on the boards."

The Pacific Grove post office opened in 1886, closed later that year, and was reopened in 1887.[1] Pacific Grove incorporated in 1889.[1]

Pacific Grove, like Carmel-by-the-Sea and Monterey, became an artists' haven in the 1890s and subsequent period. Artists of the En plein air school in both Europe and the United States were seeking an outdoor venue with natural beauty, so that Pacific Grove was a magnet for this movement. William Adam was an English painter who first moved to Monterey and then decided on Pacific Grove for his home in 1906. At about the same time, Eugen Neuhaus, a German painter, arrived in Pacific Grove with his new bride. Charles B. Judson was an artist of aristocratic lineage who painted in Pacific Grove over a long time beginning in 1907; Judson's murals decorate the halls of the California Academy of Sciences.

The Asilomar Conference Grounds are located at the western edge of Pacific Grove. Asilomar opened in 1913 as a YWCA summer retreat; it now belongs to the California State Park System. Thirteen buildings on these grounds were designed by architect Julia Morgan, who also designed Hearst Castle.

For a number of years, John Steinbeck lived in a cottage in Pacific Grove owned by his father, Ernest, who was Monterey County treasurer. The cottage still stands on a quiet side street at 147 11th St., without any plaque or special sign, virtually overlooked by most Steinbeck fans. Another Steinbeck-related house is at 222 Central Ave, which was his grandmother's house. A golden statue of Steinbeck in the front yard stood for years before it was removed.[10] In Steinbeck's book Sweet Thursday, a chapter is dedicated to describing a (probably fictional) rivalry that arose among the town's residents over the game of roque.

Southern Monterey Bay area in 1917

Local traditions include a Butterfly Parade held in early October to celebrate the return of the monarch butterfly to its wintering habitat. Also held in July is the Feast of Lanterns, a unique faux-Chinese festival whose origin is rooted in the traditional Chautauqua closing ceremonies from the late 1800s. Feast of Lanterns is a weeklong festival with opening ceremonies held at Chautauqua Hall, a pet parade, and a Chinese-style pageant with fireworks at Lover's Point Beach on the last Saturday in July. Mid-April, a Good Old Days festival is held downtown, which includes rides, crafts booths, food, entertainment, and a parade.

Hopkins Marine Station maintains a campus next to the Monterey Bay Aquarium. It was founded in 1892, making it the oldest marine laboratory on the US Pacific Coast, and the second-oldest in the US, after the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. It was originally named the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory, and is located on what is now Lover's Point.

In the 1980s, Pacific Grove was the site of the pioneering microcomputer software company Digital Research. Originally located in Gary Kildall's house on the corner of Lighthouse and Willow it later moved to offices on Central Ave.

On October 12, 1997, John Denver died when he crashed into the Pacific Ocean off Pacific Grove in his personal plane.[11]

Pacific Grove was the last dry town in California. Due to its religious and gated history alcohol was not served to the public until July 4, 1969, at the grand opening of the Pacific Grove Art Center by ElMarie Dyke, its founder. This caused much controversy because the law was not to take effect until November of that year. Ironically, ElMarie was also a great proponent for keeping the town dry. To this day, Pacific Grove has very strict laws regarding the service of alcohol and has no stand-alone bars.[12] At the November 6, 2018 general municipal election Pacific Grove voters approved Measure M, which prohibits short-term vacation rentals in residential districts outside the Coastal Zone.[13]

Environmental features and geography
The granite coastline off Ocean View Boulevard in Pacific Grove

Pacific Grove contains several habitat types including marine, littoral, pine forest, and mixed oak woodland. The famed breeding habitat for the monarch butterfly is situated in the northwest part of town imbedded in residential neighborhoods in mixed oak forests. These monarchs migrate 2,000 miles (3,200 kilometers) to reach Pacific Grove after their summer in the Rocky Mountains, often soaring as high as 3,000 meters (9,800 ft).

South African Drosanthemum floribundum bloom late spring between Lovers Point and the Point Pinos Lighthouse

The black-and-orange monarch butterflies spend much of the fall and winter in Monterey pine and eucalyptus trees, roughly from the vernal equinox through the spring equinox.[14] Most butterflies are protected in the city's Butterfly Sanctuary. City Ordinance No. 352 makes killing or threatening a butterfly a misdemeanor, punishable by a $1000 fine.

Lovers Point

Pacific Grove Marine Gardens State Marine Conservation Area, Lovers Point State Marine Reserve, Edward F. Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area and Asilomar State Marine Reserve are marine protected areas in the waters around Pacific Grove. Like underwater parks, these marine protected areas help conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems. Monterey Bay is a marine protected sanctuary.

The principal noise source in Pacific Grove is State Route 68. There are approximately 800 residents exposed to sound levels of 60 CNEL or above, making Pacific Grove noticeably quieter than its neighbor Monterey, which has more tourist traffic and more through traffic.[15]

The town sits between its two well known neighbors, Pebble Beach and Monterey. Carmel-by-the-Sea is the next city, 5 mi (8 km) south, and the community of Big Sur is 30 mi (50 km) south. Pacific Grove is a favorite vacation getaway for San Francisco Bay Area residents, located two hours south of San Francisco.

The town does not allow development on the waterside of the ocean-front street, so that the beaches and scenic points are unobstructed.

Berwick Park between Lovers Point and the Monterey Bay Aquarium
Monarch Sanctuary eucalyptus grove in Pacific Grove

Pacific Grove is located at 36°37′9″N 121°55′16″W (36.619065, -121.921025).[16] That places it on the Pacific Ocean between Monterey and Pebble Beach, about 40 mi (65 km) south of Santa Cruz and about 120 mi (195 km) south of San Francisco. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.0 square miles (10 km2), and about 2.9 sq mi (7.5 km2) are land and 1.1 sq mi (2.8 km2) (28.42%) is covered by water. Asilomar, Lovers Point, and the intervening coastline afford surfing, which is challenging due to near-shore rocks, albeit waves are typically moderate in height.

Pacific Grove's climate is mild throughout the year, essentially the same as in neighboring Monterey, with most of the rain falling from November through April. Extreme temperatures are rare, and fog is common, especially in the late night and early morning, all year.

Climate

This region experiences warm and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen climate classification, Pacific Grove has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, Csb on climate maps.[17]

Government

Pacific Grove is governed by a city council consisting of a mayor and six councilmembers, all elected at-large. As of the November 2020 election, the mayor is Bill Peake, and the six councilmembers are: Joe Amelio, Luke Coletti, Jenny McAdams, Chaps Poduri, Nick Smith, and Amy Tomlinson.[18]

At the county level, Pacific Grove is represented on the Monterey County Board of Supervisors by Mary Adams.[19]

In the California State Assembly, Pacific Grove is represented by Mark Stone as part of the 29th Assembly district. In the California State Senate, it is represented by John Laird as part of the 17th Senate district.[4]

In the United States House of Representatives, Pacific Grove is in California's 20th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jimmy Panetta[5]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18901,336—
19001,4115.6%
19102,38469.0%
19202,97424.7%
19305,55886.9%
19406,24912.4%
19509,62354.0%
196012,12126.0%
197013,50511.4%
198015,75516.7%
199016,1172.3%
200015,522−3.7%
201015,041−3.1%
2019 (est.)15,413[9]2.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]

2010

The 2010 United States Census[21] reported that Pacific Grove had a population of 15,041. The population density was 3,758.1 people/sq mi (1,451.0/km2). The racial makeup of Pacific Grove was 84.5% White, 1.3% African American, 0.5% Native American, 5.8% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 3.1% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 10.7% of the population.

The Census reported that 14,686 people (97.6% of the population) lived in households, 140 (0.9%) lived in noninstitutionalized group quarters, and 215 (1.4%) were institutionalized.

Of the 7,020 households, 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 41.8% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present. About 5.0% were unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0.8% were same-sex married couples or partnerships. About 37.2% were made up of individuals, and 14.4%had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.09; the average family size was 2.74.

In the city, the age distribution was 16.5% under 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 32.3% from 45 to 64, and 21.6% who were 65 or older. The median age was 48.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.1 males.

The 8,169 housing units averaged 2,041.1/sq mi (788.1/km2), of which 3,205 (45.7%) were owner-occupied, and 3,815 (54.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.4%. 7,071 people (47.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 7,615 people (50.6%) lived in rental housing units.

Over 1300 structures were listed on the town's historic register, giving Pacific Grove the largest number of historic homes and structures for its size on the West Coast.

2000

As of the census[22] of 2000, 15,522 people, 7,316 households, and 3,972 families were residing in the city. The population density was 5,399.2 people/sq mi (2,088.2/km2). The 8,032 housing units averaged 2,793.9/sq mi (1,080.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.04% White, 1.14% African American, 0.55% Native American, 4.50% Asian, 0.26% Pacific Islander, 1.78% from other races, and 3.73% from two or more races. About 7.14% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 7,316 households, 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.7% were not families. About 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10, and the average family size was 2.75. The age distribution was 17.8% under 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 29.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $50,254, and for a family was $59,569. Males had a median income of $43,897 versus $35,924 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,277. About 3.0% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

Notable residents

Media
See also: Media in Monterey County, California

Local radio station KAZU-FM - 90.3 was created by Don Mussel in 1977 in Pacific Grove, but is now located in Seaside, California. Television service for the community comes from the Monterey-Salinas-Santa Cruz designated market area. Local newspapers include the Cedar Street Times and The Monterey County Herald.

See also

References
  1. Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 932. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.
  2. "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on October 17, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  3. "Mayor & Council". City of Pacific Grove. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  4. "Statewide Database". UC Regents. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
  5. "California's 20th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
  6. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  7. "Pacific Grove". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  8. "Pacific Grove (city) QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 8, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  9. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  10. Howe, Kevin (April 14, 2011). "Pacific Grove cottage where Steinbeck's grandmother lived being restored". The Monterey Herald.
  11. "Closeup: The John Denver Crash". Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved March 20, 2019.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  12. Alton Pryor, November 15, 2005, California's Last Dry Town.
  13. "Pacific Grove, California, Measure M, Limitations on Short-Term Rentals (November 2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  14. Mayberry, Carly (August 25, 2016). "P.G. monarch sanctuary hopes to benefit from butterfly conservation funds". Monterey Herald. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
  15. (Hogan, 1980).
  16. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  17. Climate Summary for Pacific Grove, California
  18. "Elected Officials". City of Pacific Grove. December 7, 2020.
  19. "Monterey County Supervisorial District 5 Map (North District 5)" (PDF). County of Monterey. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 1, 2012. Retrieved September 21, 2012.
  20. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  21. "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Pacific Grove city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  22. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
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