Political history of the Philippines

The political history of the Philippines chronicles and describes the history of the islands from the beginning of civilization up to the present.

Chronology

	Pre-Colonial Philippines	Spanish East Indies	Haring Bayan Katagalugan	Tejeros Revolutionary Republic	Republic of Biak-na-Bato	Dictatorial Republic	Revolutionary Republic	Republica Filipina	Tagalog Republic	US Military Government	US Insular Government	Commonwealth of the Philippines	Second Philippine Republic	Third Republic of the Philippines	Fourth Republic of the Philippines	Fifth Republic of the Philippines
Established	900	April 27, 1565	August 25, 1896	March 22, 1897	November 1, 1897	May 24, 1898	June 23, 1898	January 23, 1899	May 6, 1902	August 14, 1898	July 4, 1901	November 15, 1935	October 14, 1943	July 4, 1946	December 30, 1965	February 2, 1987
Disestablished	1521	December 10, 1898	May 10, 1897	November 1, 1897	December 14, 1897	June 23, 1898	January 23, 1899	March 23, 1901	July 14, 1906	July 1, 1902	November 15, 1935	October 22, 1946	August 17, 1945	December 30, 1965	February 25, 1986
Constitutional Document		Colonial authority of The Crown	Katipunan Code of Laws	Official decrees of Aguinaldo	Provisional Constitution	Official Decrees of Aguinaldo		Malolos Constitution	Katipunan Code of Laws	United States Constitution	Philippine Organic Act (1902) Philippine Autonomy Act (1916) Tydings–McDuffie Act	1935 Constitution	1943 Constitution	1935 Constitution	1973 Constitution	1987 Constitution
Capital		Manila	Manila	San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite	San Miguel, Bulacan	Bacoor, Cavite	Malolos, Bulacan	Malolos, Bulacan	Rizal	Manila			Manila (1942–1945) Baguio (1945)	Manila (1946–1948) Quezon City (1948–1965)	Quezon City (1965–1976) Manila (1976–1986)	Manila
Form of Government	Barangay state	Spanish Colony	Unrecognized Provisional Government	Revolutionary Republic	De facto Constitutional Republic	Dictatorship	Revolutionary Republic	Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic	Unrecognized Provisional Government	Military occupational transitional government	Unincorporated territories of the United States	Presidential commonwealth	Single-party authoritarian Republic	Unitary presidential Constitutional republic	Unitary dominant-party pseudo-parliamentary republic under totalitarian civic-military rule	Unitary presidential constitutional republic
Head of State	Datu, Rajah, Sultan	Queen Regent of Spain King of Spain	Supreme Leader Andres Bonifacio	President of the Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo (1897)	President of the Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo (1897)	Dictator Emilio Aguinaldo	President of the Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo	President of the Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo (1899–1901) Miguel Malvar (1901–1902) (unofficial)	President Macario Sakay	US President William McKinley (1898–1901) Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1902)	US President Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909) William H. Taft (1909–1913) Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921) Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1935)	President of the Philippines Manuel L. Quezon (1935–1944) Sergio Osmeña (1944–1946) Manuel Roxas (1946)	President of the Philippines Jose P. Laurel (1943–1945)	President of the Philippines Manuel Roxas (1946–1948) Elpidio Quirino (1948–1953) Ramon Magsaysay (1953–1957) Carlos P. Garcia (1957–1961) Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965)	President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos (1965–1986) Corazon Aquino (1986)	President of the Philippines Corazon Aquino (1986–1992) Fidel V. Ramos (1992–1998) Joseph Estrada (1998–2001) Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001–2010) Benigno Aquino III (2010–2016) Rodrigo Duterte (2016–Present)
Head of Government	Datu, Rajah, Sultan	Spanish Governor-General	Supreme Leader Andres Bonifacio	President of the Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo (1897)	President of the Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo (1897)	Dictator Emilio Aguinaldo	Prime Minister of the Philippines Apolinario Mabini (1898–1899)		President Macario Sakay	US Military Governor- General Wesley Merritt (1898) Elwell S. Otis (1898–1900) Arthur MacArthur, Jr. (1900–1901) Adna Chaffee (1901–1902)	US Insular Governor- General William H. Taft (1901–1904) Francis B. Harrison (1913–1921) Leonard Wood (1921–1927) Frank Murphy (1933–1935)		Japanese Military Governor Shigenori Kuroda (1943–1944) Tomoyuki Yamashita (1944–1945)		Prime Minister of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos (1978–1981) Cesar Virata (1981–1986) Salvador Laurel (1986)
Legislative	Council of Elders	Consejo de Indias (1565–1821) Cortes Generales (1821–1898)	Kataas-taasang Sanggunian (Supreme Council)		Consejo Supremo		Revolutionary Congress	La Asemblea Nacional		Martial law (1898–1900) Philippine Commission (1900–1902)	Philippine Legislature	National Assembly (1935–1941) Congress (1945–1946)	National Assembly	Congress of the Philippines	Batasang Pambansa Interim Assembly (1978–1984) Regular Natioanal Assembly (1984–1986)	Congress of the Philippines
Judiciary	Datu as Presiding Officer Council of Elders as Jurors	Real Audiencia	Camara Reina (Secret Judicial Chamber)		Supreme Council of Grace and Justice	Court Martial		Supreme Court		US Supreme Court'	Supreme Court of the Philippines
Military	Datu as Military Commander Qualified members of the Barangay as soldiers	Spanish Imperial Army; Guarda Civil	Katipunan	Philippine Revolutionary Army				Philippine Republican Army	Katipunan	United States Army	United States Army; USA Philippine Division; Philippine Constabulary; Philippine Scouts	Armed Forces of the Philippines; USA Philippine Division; Philippine Constabulary	Armed Forces of the Philippines
Currency	Piloncitos	Real de a Ocho Peso Fuerte	Peso										Japanese government-issued Philippine peso	Peso
Official Language(s)		Spanish	Tagalog	Tagalog, Spanish					Tagalog	English, Tagalog	English	English, Spanish	Japanese, Filipino, Spanish	English, Filipino
State Religion	Local Paganism	Roman Catholicism	Separation of church and state

Head offices of state and government of the Philippines
Current	President Government recognized Non-Government recognized
Defunct	Gobernador General (Spain and United Kingdom) Military Governor / Civil Governor (United States and Japan) Prime Minister Aguinaldo / Marcos Sultan of Lanao of Maguindanao of Sulu
Historic (Royal titles)	Datus Rajahs Lakan Senapati Huang Apo Dayang Lakambini Binibini

Political history of the Philippines

Chronology

See also