Rizal

Rizal, officially the Province of Rizal (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Rizal), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is the city of Antipolo. It is about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) east of Manila. The province is named after José Rizal, one of the main national heroes of the Philippines. Rizal is bordered by Metro Manila to the west, Bulacan to the north, Quezon to the east and Laguna to the southeast. The province also lies on the northern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the country. Rizal is a mountainous province perched on the western slopes of the southern portion of the Sierra Madre mountain range.

This article is about the Province of Rizal. For other uses, see Rizal (disambiguation).
Rizal
Province
Province of Rizal
Rizal Provincial Capitol
Flag
Seal
Anthem: Rizal Mabuhay
Location in the Philippines
OpenStreetMap
Coordinates: 14°40′N 121°15′E
CountryPhilippines
RegionCalabarzon (Region IV-A)
FoundedJune 11, 1901
Named forJose Rizal
CapitalAntipolo
Government
 • TypeSangguniang Panlalawigan
 • GovernorRebecca Ynares (NPC)
 • Vice GovernorReynaldo H. San Juan, Jr. (PFP)
Area
 • Total1,191.94 km2 (460.21 sq mi)
Area rank73rd out of 81
Population
 (2015 census) [2]
 • Total2,884,227
 • Rank5th out of 81
 • Density2,400/km2 (6,300/sq mi)
 • Density rank1st out of 81
Demonym(s)Rizaleño
Divisions
 • Independent cities0
 • Component cities
 • Municipalities
 • Barangays188
 • Districts1st and 2nd districts of Rizal, 1st and 2nd districts of Antipolo
Demographics
 • Ethnic groups
 • Languages
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
1850–1990
IDD : area code +63 (0)2
ISO 3166 codePH-RIZ
Websiterizalprovince.ph

Pasig served as its capital until 1975 when it became a part of the newly-created National Capital Region. A provincial capitol has been in Antipolo since 2009, making it the administrative center. On June 19, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11475, which designated Antipolo as the capital of Rizal.[3][4]

This province is a part of Greater Manila Area.

History

Tagalog settlement arrived some time in the pre-Spanish period. The provincial territory began with the organization of the Tondo province and Laguna province during the Spanish administration. Some of the towns like Pasig, Parañaque, Taytay and Cainta were already thriving.

From the reports of the Encomiendas in 1582-1583, the Encomiendas of Moron (Morong) was under the jurisdiction of La Laguna and, the Encomiendas of Passi (Pasig), Taitay (Taytay) and Tagui (Taguig) belonged to the Province of Tondo. It was recorded that in 1591, the Encomiendas of Moron and Taitay were under the jurisdiction of the Franciscan Order in the Province of La Laguna; and the Encomiendas of Nabotas (Navotas), Tambobo (Malabon), Tondo, Parañaque (then La Huerta, Parañaque), Longalo (Don Galo, Parañaque), Tagui and Pasig were under the jurisdiction of the Augustinians in the Province of Tondo.

In 1853 a new political subdivision was formed. This consisted of the towns of Antipolo (now a city), Bosoboso, Cainta and Taytay from the Province of Tondo; and the towns of Morong, Baras, Tanay, Pililla, Angono, Binangonan and Jala-jala from the Province of La Laguna, with the capital at Morong. This district was changed to Distrito Politico-Militar de Morong after four years.

In 1860, by virtue of Circular No. 83, dated September 2, 17854345678, the Province of Tondo became the Province of Manila. All its towns were placed under the administration, fiscal supervision and control of the Governor of the new province.

The town of Mariquina (Marikina) became the capital of the Province of Manila during the tenure of the revolutionary government of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo. The Province of Morong had for its capital the town of Antipolo for the period 1898-1899, and the town of Tanay for 1899-1900.

Map of Manila province

On February 6, the First Philippine Commission sought to establish civil government in the country through a provincial organization act after the Filipino-Spanish and Filipino-American conflicts.

Therefore, on June 5, 1901, a historic meeting was held at the Pasig Catholic Church for the organization of a civil government in the Provinces of Manila and Morong, with 221 delegates in attendance. The first Philippine Commission, headed by William Howard Taft and composed of Commissioners Luke E. Wright, Henry C. Ide, Bernard Moses and Dean C. Worcester, discussed with the Assembly the issue of whether or not to write the Province of Manila with Morong Province, was not self-sufficient to operate as a separate province.

Although the delegates from Morong, Hilarion Raymundo, and José Tupas, objected to the proposal, Juan Sumulong of Antipolo strongly advocated the move. After much acrimonious debate and upon the suggestion of Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera the body agreed on the creation of a new province independent of the Province of Manila. The new province was aptly named after Jose Rizal, the country's national hero.

On June 11, 1901, the province of Rizal was officially and legally created by virtue of an Act No. 137 by the First Philippine Commission which during the time was acting as the unicameral legislative body in the island of Luzon.

The new province was composed of 29 municipalities, 18 from the old Province of Manila (Cainta, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Mariquina (Marikina), Montalban (Rodriguez), Muntinlupa, Navotas, Novaliches, Parañaque, Pasig, Pateros, Pineda (Pasay), San Felipe Neri (Mandaluyong), San Juan del Monte (San Juan), San Mateo, San Pedro Macati (Makati), Taguig, Tambobong (Malabon)); and 11 from the Politico-Militar District of Morong, (Angono, Baras, Binangonan, Antipolo, Cardona, Jalajala, Morong, Pililla, Tanay, Taytay and Teresa). The City of Manila from the old Province of Manila was treated as a separate entity. The seat of the provincial government was Pasig.

In year 1939, Quezon City was established, which included parts of Caloocan, and later on, Novaliches and parts of Marikina and San Juan towns.

World War II

Marking's and the Hunter's ROTC Guerrillas operated in Rizal Province throughout the war.[5][6]

Post-war

Through Presidential Decree No. 824, Rizal was partitioned on 7 November 1975 to form Metro Manila. The municipalities of Las Piñas, Parañaque, Muntinlupa, Taguig, Pateros, Makati, Mandaluyong, San Juan, Malabon, Navotas, Pasig and Marikina, and the three cities of Caloocan, Pasay and Quezon City were excised to form the new region, while the other 14 towns remained in Rizal.[7]

Contemporary history

Rizal Governor Dr. Casimiro Ynares III announced on June 17, 2008, the transfer of the Capitol from Pasig. Its ₱ 270-million capitol building, constructed in Antipolo by Ortigas & Co., owner thereof, was completed by December of that year. Built on a five-hectare lot at the Ynares Center, it employs 2,008 employees.[8] The New Capitol was successfully inaugurated on March 4, 2009, bringing back the Capitol Building inside the provincial territory, from which it was absent for 33 years (when Pasig was incorporated into Metro Manila).

On June 19, 2020, President Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11475 into law, which officially transferred the capital of the Rizal province from Pasig to Antipolo. The law was published on June 22, 2020 and took effect on July 7, 2020. The publication of the law coincided with the 159th birth anniversary of Rizal.

Geography

Rizal covers a total area of 1,191.94 square kilometres (460.21 sq mi)[9] occupying the northern-central section of the Calabarzon in Luzon. The province is bordered on the north by Bulacan, east by Quezon, southeast by Laguna, south by the Laguna de Bay, and west by Metro Manila.

Located 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Manila, commuters take approximately an hour to reach the provincial seat which is in Antipolo. Generally hilly and mountainous in terrain, most of the province's southern towns lie in the shores of Laguna de Bay, the country's largest inland body of water. The province has an area of 1,191.94 square kilometres (460.21 sq mi).[1]

Talim Island, the largest island situated within the Laguna de Bay, is under the jurisdiction of the province.

Mountainous terrain in Rodriguez
Rice fields in Binangonan
Laguna de Bay as seen from Cardona

Climate
Climate data for Rizal
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 30.5
(86.9)		 31.5
(88.7)		 33.1
(91.6)		 34.5
(94.1)		 34.0
(93.2)		 32.6
(90.7)		 32.0
(89.6)		 31.2
(88.2)		 31.4
(88.5)		 31.6
(88.9)		 31.4
(88.5)		 30.5
(86.9)		 32.0
(89.7)
Average low °C (°F) 21.6
(70.9)		 21.8
(71.2)		 22.9
(73.2)		 24.1
(75.4)		 25.0
(77.0)		 25.0
(77.0)		 24.6
(76.3)		 24.8
(76.6)		 24.3
(75.7)		 24.0
(75.2)		 23.5
(74.3)		 22.3
(72.1)		 23.7
(74.6)
Average rainy days 5 3 4 5 13 20 22 22 22 17 15 8 156
Source: Storm247 [10]

Administrative divisions

Rizal comprises 13 municipalities and 1 city.[9]

Political map of Rizal
  •  †  Provincial capital and component city
  •   Municipality

Demographics
Population census of Rizal
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 50,095—    
1918 63,719+1.62%
1939 87,876+1.54%
1948 104,578+1.95%
1960 173,958+4.33%
1970 307,238+5.85%
1975 414,192+6.17%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1980 555,533+6.05%
1990 977,448+5.81%
1995 1,312,489+5.68%
2000 1,707,218+5.80%
2007 2,298,691+4.19%
2010 2,484,840+2.87%
2015 2,884,227+2.88%
Figures prior to 1980 exclude areas that became part of Metro Manila.
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [2] [11] [12] [13]

The population of Rizal in the 2015 census was 2,884,227 people, [2] with a density of 2,400 inhabitants per square kilometre or 6,200 inhabitants per square mile. Due to its location being in the heart of the Katagalugan, almost all of the residents of Rizal mainly speak Tagalog. English and Filipino are used as second languages respectively.

Religion

Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion with about 80 percent adherence (Diocese of Antipolo, [Catholic-Hierarchy], 2004). And 2% are from Members Church of God International of Bro. Eli Soriano. Various Christian groups exist such as Oneness Apostolic or Pentecostal like UPC, ALJC and ACJC, Iglesia Filipina Independiente, Born-again Christians, Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide, Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baptist, Church of Christ of Latter Day Saints, El Shaddai (movement) Methodists, Presbyterians, Seventh-day Adventist and other Evangelical Christians. Muslims, Anitists, animists, and atheists are also present in the province.

Economy

Before the 1990s, the primary source of economy in Rizal province were the huge piggery estates owned by Manila-based families. In recent years, the province became one of the most progressive provinces in the country, owing to its proximity to Metro Manila, the economic center of the Philippines. Antipolo, Taytay and Cainta serve as the economic centers of the province, while Angono, Rodriguez, Morong, San Mateo, Tanay, Binangonan and Teresa are taking successful steps to urbanize areas within their jurisdiction. Other areas of the province are having difficulty to start the urbanization process, mainly because of the lack of main roads to connect these to economic centers.

In a study recently conducted by the National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB), Rizal province came out to be the Philippines' least poor province with a poverty incidence rate of 3.4%, even lower than that of the National Capital Region or Metro Manila. . On April 23, 2013, the National Statistics Coordination Board (NCSB) reported that Rizal, from being the least poor province in poverty incidence moved down to the 3rd Place, with Cavite taking over as the least province by 4.1% (compared to Rizal's 7.6%) and Laguna for 2nd with 6.3%.[21]

Antipolo, the province's capital city, is the center of trade and exchange, tourism, government, and economy. It is also a center of education and sports because of the availability of various educational and physical training facilities. Acclaimed of its scenic attractions, the city also produces agricultural products such as cashew nuts and rice cakes. Taytay, the province's center of garment and textile manufacturing, is also the town where the country's largest mall operator runs a store near the town center. Meanwhile, Cainta serves as the center of business-process outsourcing (BPO) businesses in the province, aside from being known for the presence of several shopping centers and delicacies such as bibingka or rice cakes.

Points of interest

Government
The old Capitol in Pasig, which was the seat of government for the province until the new capitol building in Antipolo was completed

The provincial legislature or the Sangguniang Panlalawigan is composed of ten elected members. Four members are elected from each of the province's legislative district, while each of Antipolo's legislative districts elect a single member.

Governors
Main article: Governor of Rizal

References
  1. "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  2. Census of Population (2015). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  3. Aguilar, Krissy (June 22, 2020). "Duterte transfers capital, seat of gov't of Rizal from Pasig City to Antipolo City". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  4. "DAntipolo City now Rizal provincial capital after four decades". CNN Philippines. June 22, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  5. Kaminski, Theresa (2016). Angels of the Underground. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 244–246, 332, 351–353, 375. ISBN 9780199928248.
  6. Panlilio, Yay (1950). The Crucible: An Autobiography by Colonel Yay, Filipina American Guerrilla. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. pp. 42, 187. ISBN 9780813546827.
  7. "Presidential Decree No. 824 - Creating the Metropolitan Manila and the Metropolitan Manila Commission and for Other Purposes". The LawPhil Project. Malacañang, Manila, Philippines. 7 November 1975. Retrieved 17 April 2016. Section 2. Territorial Jurisdiction. The Commission shall have jurisdiction over the cities of Manila, Quezon, Pasay and Caloocan and the municipalities of Makati, Mandaluyong, San Juan, Las Piñas, Malabon, Navotas, Pasig, Pateros, Parañaque, Marikina, Muntinlupa, and Taguig in the province of Rizal; and the municipality of Valenzuela, in the province of Bulacan, all of which together shall henceforth be known as Metropolitan Manila.
  8. "gmanews.tv, Rizal capitol to be transferred to Antipolo". Gmanews.tv. 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
  9. "Province: Rizal". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  10. "Weather forecast for Rizal, Philippines". Storm247.com. StormGeo AS, Nordre Nøstekaien 1, N-5011 Bergen, Norway: StormGeo AS. Retrieved 21 April 2016.CS1 maint: location (link)
  11. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  12. Census of Population and Housing (2010). Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities (PDF). NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  13. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. NSO.
  14. "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  15. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/NSCB_LocalPovertyPhilippines_0.pdf; publication date: 29 November 2005; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  16. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2009%20Poverty%20Statistics.pdf; publication date: 8 February 2011; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  17. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%202.%20%20Annual%20Per%20Capita%20Poverty%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence%20and%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population%2C%20by%20Region%20and%20Province%20%20-%202006%2C%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015.xlsx; publication date: 27 August 2016; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  18. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%202.%20%20Annual%20Per%20Capita%20Poverty%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence%20and%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population%2C%20by%20Region%20and%20Province%20%20-%202006%2C%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015.xlsx; publication date: 27 August 2016; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  19. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%202.%20%20Annual%20Per%20Capita%20Poverty%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence%20and%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population%2C%20by%20Region%20and%20Province%20%20-%202006%2C%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015.xlsx; publication date: 27 August 2016; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  20. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%202.%20%20Updated%20Annual%20Per%20Capita%20Poverty%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence%20and%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population%20with%20Measures%20of%20Precision%2C%20by%20Region%20and%20Province_2015%20and%202018.xlsx; publication date: 4 June 2020; publisher: Philippine Statistics Authority.
  21. "Rizal poverty incidence rate". NCSB. 2013-04-23. Archived from the original on 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
  22. Pinto Art Museum
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