Liberal Party (Philippines)

The Liberal Party of the Philippines (Filipino: Partido Liberal ng Pilipinas), abbreviated as the LP, is a liberal political party in the Philippines.[7]

Liberal Party

Partido Liberal ng Pilipinas
PresidentFrancis Pangilinan
ChairmanLeni Robredo
Secretary-GeneralJose Christopher "Kit" Belmonte
FounderManuel Roxas
Elpidio Quirino
FoundedJanuary 19, 1946 (1946-01-19)
Split fromNacionalista Party
Think tankCenter for Liberalism and Democracy[1]
Youth wingLiberal Youth (LY)
IdeologyLiberalism[2][3]
Social liberalism[4]
Political positionCentre[5] to centre-left[2][6]
National affiliationOtso Diretso
International affiliationLiberal International
Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
Colors      Yellow, red, blue
SloganBago. Bukas. Liberal.
Seats in the Senate
3 / 24
Seats in the House of Representatives
17 / 304
Provincial governorships
2 / 81
Provincial vice governorships
5 / 81
Provincial board members
54 / 1,023
Website
liberal.ph

Founded on January 19, 1946 by Senate President Manuel Roxas, Senate President Pro-Tempore Elpidio Quirino, and former 9th Senatorial District Senator José Avelino from the breakaway liberal wing of the old Nacionalista Party, the Liberal Party remains the second-oldest active political party in the Philippines after the Nacionalistas, and the oldest continually-active party. The Liberals served as the governing party of four Philippine presidents: Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino, Diosdado Macapagal, and Benigno Aquino III. As a vocal opposition party against the regime of Ferdinand Marcos, the party reemerged as a major political party after Marcos's overthrow in the People Power Revolution and the establishment of the Fifth Republic. It subsequently served as a senior member of President Corazón Aquino's UNIDO coalition. Upon Corazón Aquino's death in 2009, the party regained popularity, winning the 2010 Philippine presidential election under Benigno Aquino III. The Liberal Party returned to government, serving from 2010 to 2016. The party lost control of the presidency to Rodrigo Duterte of PDP–Laban in the 2016 presidential election and became the leading opposition party; however its vice presidential candidate Leni Robredo won, narrowly beating Nacionalista candidate Ferdinand Marcos, Jr.[8]

The Liberal Party is currently the political party of the Vice President of the Philippines. As of the 2019 midterm elections, the party is still the primary opposition party of the Philippines, holding three seats in the Senate. The Liberals are the largest party outside of Rodrigo Duterte's supermajority, holding 18 seats in the House of Representatives. In local government, the party holds two provincial governorships and five vice governorships.

The Liberal Party remains an influential organization in contemporary Philippine politics. A center-left party on social issues and centrist on economic issues, it is commonly associated with the post-revolution, liberal-democratic status quo of the Philippines in contrast to authoritarianism, neoconservatism, and populism. Aside from presidents, the party has been led by liberal thinkers and progressive politicians including Benigno Aquino, Jr., Jovito Salonga, Raul Daza, Florencio B. Abad Jr., Franklin Drilon, and Mar Roxas. Two of its members, Corazón Aquino and Leila de Lima, have received the prestigious Prize for Freedom, the highest international award for liberal and democratic politicians since 1985. The Liberal Party is a member of the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats and the Liberal International.

History
The Liberal Party logo during the term of President Noynoy Aquino from 2010 to 2016.

1946–1972: Third Republic

The Liberal Party was founded on January 19, 1946 by Manuel Roxas,[9][2] the first President of the Third Philippine Republic.[9] It was formed by Roxas from what was once the "Liberal Wing" of the Nacionalista Party.[9] Two more Presidents of the Philippines elected into office came from the LP: Elpidio Quirino and Diosdado Macapagal.[10][11] Two other presidents came from the ranks of the LP, as former members of the party who later joined the Nacionalistas: Ramon Magsaysay and Ferdinand Marcos.[12]

1972–1986: Martial law era

During the days leading to his declaration of martial law, Marcos would find his old party as a potent roadblock to his quest for one-man rule. Led by Ninoy Aquino, Gerry Roxas and Jovito Salonga, the LP would hound President Marcos on issues like human rights and the curtailment of freedoms. Not even Marcos' declaration of martial law silenced the LP, and the party continued to fight the dictatorship despite the costs. Many of its leaders and members would be prosecuted and even killed during this time.[2][9]

1986–2010: Post-EDSA

The LP was instrumental in ending more than half a century of US military presence in the Philippines with its campaign in the Philippine Senate of 1991 to reject a new RP-US Bases Treaty. This ironically cost the party dearly, losing for it the elections of 1992. In 2000, it stood against the corruption of the Joseph Estrada government, actively supporting the Resign-Impeach-Oust initiatives that led to People Power II.[2][9]

In 2006, the Philippines' ruling political party, Lakas–CMD, with President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo serving as its supremo, was influential in "hijacking" the Liberal Party by way of overthrowing the party presidency of Sen. Franklin Drilon at a rump party meeting at the Manila Hotel. With the marching orders and blessing of Lakas, LP members sympathetic to the Arroyo government used the meeting on March 2 to install Manila Mayor Lito Atienza as the party president, thus triggering an LP leadership struggle and party schism. Days later, the Supreme Court proclaimed Drilon the true president of the party, leaving the Atienza wing expelled.[2][9]

2010–2016: The Benigno Aquino III administration

The Liberal Party regained influence in 2010 when it nominated as its next presidential candidate then-Senator Benigno Aquino III,[9] the son of former President Corazon Aquino, after the latter's death that subsequently showed a massive outpouring of sympathy for the Aquino family. Even though the party had earlier nominated Sen. Manuel "Mar" Roxas II to be its presidential candidate for the 2010 Philippine general election, Roxas gave way to Aquino and instead ran for vice president. During the fierce campaign battle that followed, the party was able to field new members breaking away from the then-ruling party Lakas–Kampi–CMD to become the largest minority party in Congress.[2][9][6]

2016–present

In 2016 presidential elections, Liberal Party nominated Mar Roxas, former DOTC and DILG secretary and Leni Robredo, a Representative from Naga City and widow of former DILG secretary Jessie Robredo. The latter won and the former lost. Most of their members either switched allegiance to PDP–Laban, joined a supermajority alliance but retained LP membership (with some defected later),[13][14][15] joined minority, or created an opposition bloc called "Magnificent 7".

As early as February 2017, the leaders of the Liberal Party chose to focus on rebuilding the party by inviting sectoral membership of non-politicians.[16] The party has been inducting new members who are non-politicians since then, some of whom applied online through the party's website, Liberal.ph.[17][18][19] Before the scheduled 2019 general elections, the LP formed the Oposisyon Koalisyon (Opposition Coalition or OK), an electoral coalition led by the party that also comprises members of the Magdalo Party-List, Akbayan Citizens Action Party, and Aksyon Demokratiko along with independent candidates.[20][21][22] The coalition hopes to drive a new political culture based on political leaders practicing "makiking, matuto, kumilos" (listen, learn, take action), each candidate emphasizing the need for government to listen to its citizens.[23] As part of the Liberal Party's efforts to instill this new political culture, it launched Project Makining in October 2018, a modern, nationwide listening campaign using technology and driven by volunteers.[24]

Ideology

The party currently adopts liberalism as its main ideology. According to its values charter, the self-described values of the party are "freedom, justice and solidarity (bayanihan)."[25][26]

Historically, the party's ideology during its early years was noted by some political observers to be similar to or indistinguishable from the Nacionalista Party,[27][28] until the term of Ferdinand Marcos, where it became more liberal.[29]

Current party officials

Presidents
Term in Office Name
January 19, 1946 – April 15, 1948Manuel Roxas[9]
January 19, 1946 – May 8, 1949José Avelino
April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1950Elpidio Quirino
December 30, 1950 – December 30, 1957Eugenio Pérez
December 30, 1957 – December 30, 1961Diosdado Macapagal
December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965
May 1964 – May 10, 1969Cornelio T. Villareal
May 10, 1969 – April 19, 1982Gerardo Roxas
April 20, 1982 – June 1, 1993Jovito Salonga
June 2, 1993 – October 17, 1994Wigberto Tañada
October 18, 1994 – September 19, 1999Raul A. Daza
September 20, 1999 – August 9, 2004Florencio Abad
August 10, 2004 - November 5, 2007Franklin Drilon
November 6, 2007 – September 30, 2012Mar Roxas
October 1, 2012 – 2016Joseph Emilio Abaya
August 8, 2016 – presentFrancis Pangilinan

Electoral performance

President
Election Candidate Number of votes Share of votes Outcome of election
1946 Manuel Roxas 1,333,392 54.94% Won
1949 Elpidio Quirino (Quirino wing) 1,803,808 50.93% Won
1949 José Avelino (Avelino wing) 419,890 11.85% Lost
1953 Elpidio Quirino 1,313,991 31.08% Lost
1957 José Yulo 1,386,829 27.62% Lost
1961 Diosdado Macapagal 3,554,840 55.00% Won
1965 Diosdado Macapagal 3,187,752 42.88% Lost
1969 Sergio Osmeña, Jr. 3,143,122 38.51% Lost
1981 N/A N/A N/A Boycotted
1986 N/A N/A N/A Supported Corazon Aquino who became president
1992 Jovito Salonga 2,302,123 10.16% Lost
1998 Alfredo Lim 2,344,362 8.71% Lost
2004 N/A N/A N/A Supported Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo who won
2010 Benigno Aquino III 15,208,678 42.08% Won
2016 Mar Roxas 9,978,175 23.45% Lost

Vice president
Election Candidate Number of votes Share of votes Outcome of election
1946 Elpidio Quirino 1,161,725 52.36% Won
1949 Fernando Lopez (Quirino wing) 1,341,284 52.19% Won
1949 Vicente J. Francisco (Avelino wing) 44,510 1.73% Lost
1953 José Yulo 1,483,802 37.10% Lost
1957 Diosdado Macapagal 2,189,197 46.55% Won
1961 Emmanuel Pelaez 2,394,400 37.57% Won
1965 Gerardo Roxas 3,504,826 48.12% Lost
1969 Genaro Magsaysay 2,968,526 37.54% Lost
1986 Eva Estrada-Kalaw (Kalaw wing) 662,185 3.31% Lost; main wing supported Salvador Laurel who became vice president
1992 N/A N/A N/A Supported Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. who lost
1998 Sergio Osmeña III 2,351,462 9.20% Lost
2004 N/A N/A N/A Supported Noli de Castro who won
2010 Mar Roxas 13,918,490 39.58% Lost
2016 Leni Robredo 14,418,817 35.11% Won

Senate
Election Number of votes Share of votes Seats won Seats after Outcome of election
1946 8,626,965 47.7%
8 / 16
9 / 24
 Coalition
1947 12,241,929 54.5%
7 / 8
15 / 24
 Won
1949 12,782,449 52.5%
7 / 8
18 / 24
 Won
1951 8,764,190 39.9%
0 / 9
12 / 24
 Won
1953 8,861,244 36.0%
0 / 8
7 / 24
 Lost
1955 7,395,988 28.9%
0 / 9
0 / 24
 Lost
1957 8,934,218 31.8%
2 / 8
2 / 24
 Lost
1959 10,850,799 31.7%
2 / 8
4 / 24
 Lost
1961 14,988,931 37.9%
4 / 8
8 / 24
 Lost
1963 22,794,310 49.8%
4 / 8
10 / 24
 Won
1965 23,158,197 46.9%
2 / 8
10 / 24
 Lost
1967 18,127,926 37.1%
1 / 8
7 / 24
 Lost
1969 21,060,474 39.1%
2 / 8
5 / 24
 Lost
1971 33,469,677 57.4%
5 / 8
8 / 24
 Lost
1987 N/A N/A N/A N/A Won under the LABAN coalition
1992* 19,158,013 6.9%
1 / 24
1 / 24
 Lost
1995 N/A N/A N/A N/A Did not participate
1998 5,429,123 2.6%
0 / 12
0 / 24
 Lost
2001 19,131,732 7.9%
1 / 13
1 / 24
 Independent-led coalition
2004 30,008,158 12.0%
2 / 12
4 / 24
 Liberal Party-led coalition
2007 28,843,415 10.7%
2 / 12
4 / 24
 Nacionalista Party-led coalition
2010 78,227,817 26.34%
3 / 12
4 / 24
 PMP-led coalition
2013 33,369,204 11.32%
1 / 12
4 / 24
 Liberal Party-led coalition
2016 100,512,795 31.30%
5 / 12
6 / 24
 Split; PDP–Laban-led coalition, lost[32]
2019 43,273,583 11.97%
0 / 12
3 / 24
 Lost

*in coalition with PDP–Laban as Koalisyong Pambansa.

House of Representatives
Election Number of votes Share of votes Seats Outcome of election
1946 1,129,971 47.06%
49 / 98
 Won
1949 1,834,173 53.00%
66 / 100
 Won
1953 1,624,571 39.81%
59 / 102
 Won
1957 1,453,527 30.16%
19 / 102
 Lost
1961 2,167,641 33.71%
29 / 104
 Lost
1965 3,721,460 51.32%
61 / 104
 Won
1969 2,641,786 41.76%
18 / 110
 Lost
1978 N/A N/A N/A Boycotted; most members ran under the LABAN that lost
1984 N/A N/A N/A Boycotted; most members ran under the LABAN that lost
1987* 2,101,575 10.5%
16 / 200
 Lakas ng Bansa-led coalition
1992** 1,644,568 8.8%
11 / 199
 Lakas-NUCD-UMDP-led coalition
1995* 358,245 1.9%
5 / 204
 Lakas-NUCD-UMDP-led coalition
1998* 1,773,124 7.3%
15 / 221
 Lost
2001
19 / 219
 Lakas-NUCD-UMDP-led coalition
2004
29 / 237
 Lakas–CMD-led coalition
2007
23 / 271
 Lakas–CMD-led coalition
2010 6,802,227 19.93%
47 / 287
 Liberal Party-led coalition
2013 10,557,265 38.27%
111 / 292
 Liberal Party-led coalition
2016 15,552,401 41.72%
115 / 297
 Split; PDP–Laban-led coalition, lost
2019 2,321,759 5.78%
18 / 304
 Lost

*does not include candidates who ran as under a Liberal Party ticket along with another party.
**in coalition with PDP–Laban

Notable members

Philippine presidents
  • Manuel Roxas (5th President of the Philippines; one of the co-founders)
  • Elpidio Quirino (6th President of the Philippines)
  • Diosdado Macapagal (9th President of the Philippines)
  • Ferdinand Marcos (10th President of the Philippines) – Marcos won in 1965 as the candidate of the Liberal Party's rival Nacionalista Party, the party to which Marcos defected after failing to get the LP nomination
  • Joseph Estrada (13th President of the Philippines) - left the party in 1991 to prepare for his supposed presidential run. He became vice president in 1992.
  • Benigno Aquino III (15th President of the Philippines)

Others

Coalition

References
  1. http://cld.ph/
  2. Dayley, Robert (2016). Southeast Asia In The New International Era. ISBN 9780813350110. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
  3. Hutchcroft, P. (2016). Mindanao: The Long Journey to Peace and Prosperity Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Anvil Publishing, Inc. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  4. Values Charter – Liberal Party of the Philippines
  5. Timberman, David G. (September 16, 2016). A Changeless Land: Continuity and Change in Philippine Politics. Routledge. p. 237. ISBN 9781315487151. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  6. "Aquino backs interior minister Roxas to be next president". The Straits Times. August 1, 2015. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
  7. "Frequently Asked Questions on joining Partido Liberal – Liberal Party of the Philippines". Liberal Party of the Philippines. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  8. "Duterte, Robredo win in final, official tally". Jovan Cerda. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  9. "'Melted?' Liberal Party meets for 71st anniversary". Rappler. January 21, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
  10. Molina, Antonio. The Philippines: Through the centuries. Manila: University of Sto. Tomas Cooperative, 1961. Print.
  11. "Common Man's President". Time. November 24, 1961. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
  12. "Ramon Magsaysay." Microsoft Student 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008.
  13. "Key LP members jump ship to PDP–Laban". GMA News. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  14. "More LP lawmakers, local officials jump ship to admin party". CNN Philippines. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  15. Avendaño, Christine O. "LP disowns Agusan del Sur execs who jumped ship to PDP–Laban". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  16. "LP rebuilding to focus on non-politicians: Robredo". ABS-CBN News. February 9, 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  17. "Robredo swears in new Liberal Party members in Negros Occidental". Rappler. June 15, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  18. "New blood: Liberal Party welcomes 'non-politicians' into fold". Rappler. November 8, 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  19. "Robredo administers oath to 67 new LP members from Negros Occidental". SunStar. June 15, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  20. "Forecasting the 2019 campaign". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  21. "Strengthen human rights awareness of Filipinos, say opposition bets". Rappler. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  22. "Benigno Aquino III, Leni Robredo endorse opposition Senate 12". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  23. "Opposition is 'alive': VP Robredo launches Senate ticket". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  24. "FILIPINOS CROSS DIFFERENCES IN GENUINE SHARING OF STORIES THROUGH PROJECT MAKINIG". liberal.ph. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  25. "LP Statement Archives – Liberal Party of the Philippines". Liberal Party of the Philippines. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  26. "Frequently Asked Questions on joining Partido Liberal – Liberal Party of the Philippines". Liberal Party of the Philippines. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  27. "The decline of Philippine political parties". BusinessWorld. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
  28. Daniel B., Schimer (1987). The Philippines Reader: A History of Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Dictatorship and Resistance. South End Press. pp. 150. ISBN 9780896082755.
  29. "What Is Liberalism, and Why Is It Such a Dirty Word?". Esquiremag.ph. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  30. "Liberal Party holds 1st official meeting post-2016 elections". Rappler. August 10, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  31. "LP appoints Baguilat, Tañada to key party posts". Liberal Party of the Philippines. August 16, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  32. "It's final: LP completes 12-person Senate slate". Rappler. October 11, 2015. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  33. "LOOK: Leni Robredo takes oath of office as Vice President of the Philippines". CNN Philippines. June 30, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016.
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