Putian dialect

Putian dialect (Pu-Xian Min: Pó-chéng-uā / 莆田話) is a dialect of Pu-Xian Min Chinese spoken in urban area of Putian, which is a prefecture-level city in the southeast coast of Fujian province.

Putian
Pó-chéng-uā / 莆田話
Native toSouthern China
RegionPutian, Fujian
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottologputi1238
Linguasphere79-AAA-idb

Phonology

Putian dialect has 15 initials, 40 rimes and 7 tones.

Initials

  BilabialAlveolarLateralVelarGlottal
Stop Unaspirated voiceless /p/ /t/ /k/ /ʔ/
Aspirated voiceless // // //
Nasal /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
Fricative Voiceless /ɬ/ /h/
Voiced /β/* /ɣ/*
Affricate Unaspirated voiceless /ts/
Aspirated voiceless /tsʰ/
Approximant /l/

Rimes

Open syllableNasal Coda /-ŋ/Glottal Coda /-ʔ/
open mouth a au
ɒ ɒŋ ɒʔ
o ɔu ɔŋ ɔʔ
e ai ɛŋ ɛʔ
ø œŋ œʔ
ŋ
even teeth i iu
ia iau iaŋ iaʔ
closed mouth u ui
ua uai uaŋ uaʔ
round mouth y
yɒŋ yɒʔ

Tones

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tones dark level
陰平
light level
陽平
rising
上聲
dark departing
陰去
light departing
陽去
dark entering
陰入
light entering
陽入
Tone contour ˥˧˧ (533) ˩˧ (13) ˦˥˧ (453) ˦˨ (42) ˩ (11) ʔ˨˩ (21ʔ) ʔ˦ (4ʔ)
Example Hanzi 詩巴 時爬 始把 試霸 寺罷 濕北 實拔

Assimilation

Coda of
the Former Syllable
Initial of
the Latter Syllable
Assimilation Coda of the
Former Syllable
Initial of
the Latter Syllable
Group A Open syllable /p/, // remain unchanged /β/, /ɣ/
/t/, //, /ts/, /tsʰ/, /ɬ/ /l/
/k/, //, /h/ /ɣ/
/m/, /n/, /l/, /ŋ/, null initial remain unchanged
Group B /-ŋ/ (nasal coda) /p/, // /-m/ /m/
/t/, //, /ts/, /tsʰ/, /l/, /ɬ/ /-n/ /n/, remain unchanged
/k/, //, /h/, null initial remain unchanged /ŋ/
/m/, /n/, /ŋ/ /-m/, /-n/, /-ŋ/ remain unchanged
Group C /-ʔ/ (glottal Coda) /p/, //, /m/ /-p̚/ remain unchanged
/t/, //, /ts/, /tsʰ/, /ɬ/, /l/, /n/ /-t̚/
/k/, //, /ŋ/, /h/ /-k̚/
null initial /-ʔ/

Tone sandhi

Putian dialect has extremely extensive tone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules.

The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):

Tone sandhi of first syllable
dark level
533
light level
13
rising
453
dark departing
42
light departing
11
dark entering
ʔ21
light entering
ʔ4
dark level
533
11 13 11
light level
13
11 55 42 11
rising
453
13 11 13 11
dark departing
42
55 42 55 42 55
light departing
11
11 55 42 55
dark entering
ʔ21
ʔ4
light entering
ʔ4
ʔ21

References

    • Compilation Commission of Chorography of Putian City 福建省莆田市地方志编纂委员会 (2001). Pu tian shi zhi 莆田市志 ["Chorography of Putian City"]. 43. Beijing: Fangzhi chubanshe 方志出版社 ["Chorography Press"]. ISBN 7-80122-669-0. Archived from the original on 2017-02-10. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
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