SYT1

Synaptotagmin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYT1 gene.[5]

SYT1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesSYT1, P65, SVP65, SYT, synaptotagmin 1, BAGOS
External IDsOMIM: 185605 MGI: 99667 HomoloGene: 4122 GeneCards: SYT1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 12 (human)[1]
Band12q21.2Start78,863,993 bp[1]
End79,452,008 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern


More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

6857

20979

Ensembl

ENSG00000067715

ENSMUSG00000035864

UniProt

P21579

P46096

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001135805
NM_001135806
NM_001291901
NM_005639

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001129277
NP_001129278
NP_001278830
NP_005630

Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 78.86 – 79.45 MbChr 10: 108.5 – 109.01 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

Synaptotagmins are integral membrane proteins of synaptic vesicles thought to serve as sensors for calcium ions (Ca2+) in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. Calcium ion binding to synaptotagmin I participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse (Fernandez-Chacon et al., 2001). [Supplied by OMIM][6]

SYT1 is the master switch responsible for allowing the human brain to release neurotransmitters. SYT1 senses calcium ion concentrations as low as 10 ppm and subsequently signals the SNARE complex to open fusion pores.[7]

Interactions

SYT1 has been shown to interact with SNAP-25,[8][9] STX1A[10][11] and S100A13.[12][13]

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the SYT1 gene cause a rare neurodevelopmental disorder known as SYT1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (or Baker-Gordon Syndrome).[14][15]

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000067715 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000035864 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Perin MS, Johnston PA, Ozcelik T, Jahn R, Francke U, Südhof TC (Jan 1991). "Structural and functional conservation of synaptotagmin (p65) in Drosophila and humans". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 266 (1): 615–22. PMID 1840599.
  6. "Entrez Gene: SYT1 synaptotagmin I".
  7. Lee HK, Yang Y, Su Z, Hyeon C, Lee TS, Lee HW, Kweon DH, Shin YK, Yoon TY (May 2010). "Dynamic Ca2+-dependent stimulation of vesicle fusion by membrane-anchored synaptotagmin 1". Science. 328 (5979): 760–3. doi:10.1126/science.1187722. PMC 2994549. PMID 20448186. Lay summary sciencedaily.com.
  8. Gerona RR, Larsen EC, Kowalchyk JA, Martin TF (Mar 2000). "The C terminus of SNAP25 is essential for Ca(2+)-dependent binding of synaptotagmin to SNARE complexes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (9): 6328–36. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.9.6328. PMID 10692432.
  9. Zhang X, Kim-Miller MJ, Fukuda M, Kowalchyk JA, Martin TF (May 2002). "Ca2+-dependent synaptotagmin binding to SNAP-25 is essential for Ca2+-triggered exocytosis". Neuron. 34 (4): 599–611. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00671-2. PMID 12062043. S2CID 16768299.
  10. Shao X, Li C, Fernandez I, Zhang X, Südhof TC, Rizo J (Jan 1997). "Synaptotagmin-syntaxin interaction: the C2 domain as a Ca2+-dependent electrostatic switch". Neuron. 18 (1): 133–42. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)80052-0. PMID 9010211. S2CID 17947552.
  11. Thomas DM, Ferguson GD, Herschman HR, Elferink LA (Jul 1999). "Functional and biochemical analysis of the C2 domains of synaptotagmin IV". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 10 (7): 2285–95. doi:10.1091/mbc.10.7.2285. PMC 25443. PMID 10397765.
  12. Mouta Carreira C, LaVallee TM, Tarantini F, Jackson A, Lathrop JT, Hampton B, Burgess WH, Maciag T (Aug 1998). "S100A13 is involved in the regulation of fibroblast growth factor-1 and p40 synaptotagmin-1 release in vitro". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (35): 22224–31. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.35.22224. PMID 9712836.
  13. Landriscina M, Bagalá C, Mandinova A, Soldi R, Micucci I, Bellum S, Prudovsky I, Maciag T (Jul 2001). "Copper induces the assembly of a multiprotein aggregate implicated in the release of fibroblast growth factor 1 in response to stress". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (27): 25549–57. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102925200. PMID 11432880.
  14. Baker K, Gordon SL, Melland H, et al. (2018). "SYT1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder: a case series". Brain. 141 (9): 2576–2591. doi:10.1093/brain/awy209. PMC 6113648. PMID 30107533.
  15. "OMIM entry: Baker-Gordon Syndrome".

Further reading

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