September 1980

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September 22, 1980: Iraq begins eight-year long war with Iran
September 5, 1980: World's longest tunnel opens under the Alps [1]
September 7, 1980: Hua Guofeng (pictured in 1978) steps down as Premier of China

September 1, 1980 (Monday)
President Chun
Terry Fox memorial

September 2, 1980 (Tuesday)
  • Joseph Bonnano, a New York mobster known as "Joe Bananas", was convicted of a felony for the first time in a criminal career that dated back more than 50 years, when he began as a gun runner for Al Capone. Born in Sicily, Bonnano, aged 75, had avoided conviction for other charges during his time as a crime boss but was finally proven guilty of conspiracy to interfere with a federal grand jury investigation of his son.[7]
  • Announcements were made in both Tripoli and Damascus that the nations of Libya and Syria would merge into a single republic, but details of the union were not disclosed. President Muammar Gaddafi of Libya urged the parliament of the north African nation to approve the merger, adding "Either Libya turns into a unionist state and merges with Syria and bears the losses of the Arab nation, or I shall go to Upper Galilee" (in northern Israel) "as a commando myself with my rifle." Syria's President Hafez al-Assad sent a cable to Gaddafi agreeing to the merger, which would never actually take place.[8] The formal merger agreement was signed on September 10.[9]

September 3, 1980 (Wednesday)
  • The third of three major concessions by Poland's Communist government to end a labor strike took place as the Jastrzębie agreement was signed in the coal mining town of Jastrzębie-Zdrój. In addition to raising wages and permitting miners to organize their own union, the government brought an end to mining on Saturday and Sunday.[10]
  • Zimbabwe broke diplomatic and consular relations with South Africa, closing its missions in Pretoria and in Cape Town that had been established by Rhodesia's white-minority government and recalling the staffs. Zimbabwe's Prime Minister Robert Mugabe asked South Africa to close its diplomatic mission in the Zimbabwean capital, Salisbury (now Harare). At the same time, the Foreign Ministry noted that Zimbabwe would maintain its trade mission office at Johannesburg and that South Africa would retain its trade section in Salisbury.[11]
  • Born: Jennie Finch, American women's softball pitcher; in La Mirada, California
  • Died:
    • Dirch Passer, 54, Danish comedian, and film and stage actor, died from heart failure. He collapsed, while in cotume, as he was preparing to go onstage in the opening act of the Tivoli Revue at the Glassalen theater in Copenhagen.[12]
    • Duncan Renaldo (stage name for Vasile Dumitru Cugheanos), 76, Romanian-born American TV actor known of portraying The Cisco Kid in the U.S. television western of the same name.[13]
    • Barbara O'Neil, 70, American film actress known for portraying the role of mother to lead characters, notably as Scarlett O'Hara's mother in the 1939 production of Gone with the Wind [14]

September 4, 1980 (Thursday)
Hoffman a/k/a Freed
  • U.S. anti-war activist Abbie Hoffman, a fugitive for the past six years after going into hiding while out on bail for a 1974 indictment for allegedly selling cocaine to undercover agents, voluntarily surrendered to the federal authorities at the U.S. District Court in New York City. The court allowed him to be released without bond on Hoffman's pledge to return for a later hearing on the narcotics and bail-jumping charges.[15] Hoffman, founder of the Youth International Party whose members called themselves "Yippies", had undergone plastic surgery while a fugitive and had been living openly under the alias of "Barry Freed", even testifying before a U.S. Senate subcommittee in 1979.[16]
  • Born: Max Greenfield, American TV actor, in Dobbs Ferry, New York
  • Died: Pepe Abad, 48, Spanish-born Chilean journalist and anchorman for the Televisión Nacional de Chile network

September 5, 1980 (Friday)
  • Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) was founded by Candy Lightner of Fair Oaks, California, (originally as "Mothers Against Drunk Drivers"), four months after her daughter had been killed by a drunk driver on May 3. An author would note 35 years later that "By the late 1990s MADD had achieved its goal of lowering the BAC (minimum legal blood alcohol content level) inmost states to .08 ... Remarkably, in less than 20 years the modest efforts of a grieving mother and a few American citizens had evolved into a sophisticated organization that defined an emerging social issue... powerful enough to shape national legislation and see it through into law.".[17]
  • The Gotthard Road Tunnel opened in Switzerland as the world's longest highway tunnel at 10.1 miles (16.3 km), stretching from Göschenen to Airolo beneath the Swiss Alps' Saint-Gotthard mountain range.[18] At the opening ceremony, a school bus was the first vehicle to traverse the tunnel, which had taken 10 years to build and had cost $486,000,000 USD at the lives of 19 workers. In that the tunnel was toll-free, detractors joked that "The Italians built it, the Germans use it and the Swiss pay for it." [19]
  • In Spain, the first hypermarket, Hipercor, was inaugurated on September 5, 1980, opening in Seville.[20]

September 6, 1980 (Saturday)
Gierek [21]
  • Edward Gierek, the de facto leader of Poland for almost a decade since becoming the First Secretary of the ruling Polish United Workers' Party (PZPA), was removed from office by the Party's Central Committee after the concessions made by the government to the Solidarność trade union. The day before, the government reported that Gierek had been admitted to a hospital for a heart ailment, and followed at 1:30 in the morning with the announcement. In a fashion similar to the 1970 dismissal of Gierek's predecessor in 1970 (and common in Communist nations at the time), the official statement said that Gierek had asked to be relieved of his responsibilities for health reasons.[22] Gierek would live until 2001. The Party named Stanisław Kania, a member of the PZPA Politburo, as Gierek's successor.
  • Born:

September 7, 1980 (Sunday)
Zhao
  • Hua Guofeng resigned from the position as Premier of the People's Republic of China, which he had held since 1976, in what one reporter described as "China's most orderly transfer of administrative authority in this century." [23] In his resignation speech, made at the meeting of the National People's Congress in Beijing, Hua (who remained the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party), asked the delegates to approve Zhao Ziyang as his replacement.[24]
  • In his speech, Chairman Hua also announced that the experimental one-child policy, used by individual cities since 1979, would be mandated nationwide "so that the rate of population growth may be brought under control as soon as possible", implementing what one reporter described as "the most ambitious population-control policy ever adopted by a major power." [25]
  • The 32nd Primetime Emmy Awards were held in Pasadena, California, but 51 of the 52 nominated actors did not show up for the U.S. television awards. The boycott by celebrities came during the ongoing strike by members of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA).[26] The only exception to the actors' boycott was Powers Boothe, who won the award for "Outstanding Actor in a Dramatic Special". Booth, who received a standing ovation, said in his acceptance speech, "This is either the most courageous moment of my career or the stupidest." [27]
  • John McEnroe, who had lost to Bjorn Borg in July in a close match at Wimbledon, defeated Borg in the finals of the U.S. Open of tennis in another close match that came down to the final set. McEnroe had won the first two sets, 7-6 and 6-1, and Borg tied by winning the next two sets, 7-6 and 7-5. McEnroe defended his 1979 U.S. Open championship in the final set, winning 6 games to 4.[28]
  • Born:

September 8, 1980 (Monday)
  • In the largest troop maneuvers on German soil since the end of World War II, both the United States and other North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies commenced war games in West Germany while the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies did the same in East Germany.[29] NATO's "Autumn Forge" exercise involved more than 250,000 troops from 11 nations in land, air and sea operations and was coordinated from RAF Gütersloh. Approximately 200 miles (320 km) away in Potsdam, at least 40,000 troops from 7 nations conducted similar operations as part of the Warsaw Pact's "Brothers in Arms 80" maneuvers.[30]
  • The United States and China reached an agreement to begin regular commercial airline flights between the two nations for the first time since 1949, when the People's Republic of China was proclaimed.[31] On December 7, Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) would become the first U.S. airline to land in China under the new agreement, with the arrival of Pan Am Flight 10, a Boeing 747, in Beijing.[32]
  • The Sun, at the time Britain's highest circulating newspaper, became the first to reveal the romance of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer, with the headline [33]
  • Died:

September 9, 1980 (Tuesday)
  • All 44 persons aboard the British freighter MV Derbyshire were killed when the ship sank in heavy waves brought by Typhoon Orchid. The 91,655 ton ship is the largest British vessel to ever be lost at sea.[34] No distress signal was sent and although there were no surviving witnesses to the sinking, and independent investigator concluded that the typhoon was capable of generating waves as high as 30 metres (98 ft) that would also have destroyed the hatch covers to allow water to enter [35][36]
  • The GOES 4 (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) was launched into geostationary orbit for weather forecasting in the U.S.,[37] and later in Europe. On November 8, 1988, GOES-4 would become the first satellite to be sent into the higher "graveyard orbit" to reduce its chances of a collision with operational spacecraft.[38]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • John Howard Griffin, 60, white American journalist who had ingested medicines to temporarily darken his skin in order to get a first-hand view of the disparate treatment of African-Americans in 1959, then published his findings in the 1960 bestselling book Black Like Me; from complications of diabetes.[39]
    • Manzoor Ali Khan, 58, Pakistani singer of Sindhi music in the Gwalior gharana style
    • Everett Clarke, 68, former radio actor who had played the title role in The Whistler and served as narrator for NBC University Theater of the Air, was stabbed to death in his office at the Fine Arts Building in Chicago, where he served as a drama teacher. A witness working on the same floor had heard Clarke pleading "No, Paul, no!" followed by a scream, but had assumed it was an improvisation between Clarke and an acting student. A homicide investigator commented, "I guess she figured it was good acting." [40] Clarke's former student, Paul DeWitt, confessed to the crime the next day.[41]

September 10, 1980 (Wednesday)

September 11, 1980 (Thursday)

September 12, 1980 (Friday)

September 13, 1980 (Saturday)

September 14, 1980 (Sunday)

September 15, 1980 (Monday)
  • Lieutenant General Peter Walls, the white co-commander of the Zimbabwean Army, was fired by Prime Minister Robert Mugabe for disloyalty after an August television interview in the United Kingdom where he said that the election of Mugabe before independence had been tainted. Walls had previously been commander of the all-white Rhodesian Army before Zimbabwe was granted independence as a black majority nation.[58]
  • Born: Jolin Tsai, Taiwanese pop music singer; in Xinzhuang
  • Died: Jim Tyrer, 41, U.S. pro football player and former lineman for the Kansas City Chiefs, shot his 40-year-old wife Martha, and then himself, in a murder suicide.[59]

September 16, 1980 (Tuesday)
  • The international use of disinformation reached a new level as an authentic-looking forgery of a U.S. presidential memorandum, ultimately traced to the Soviet Union, reached news outlets in the United States. The 13-page forgery, labeled "Presidential Review Memorandum/NSC46", dated March 17, 1978 and bearing the signature of U.S. national security adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski, bore the title Black Africa and U.S. Black Movement and was marked "secret". According to the contents, the National Security Council had recommended "federal surveillance of American blacks with links to liberation movements in Africa", and a White House spokesman addressed the issue that evening.[60] The next morning, U.S. presidential press secretary Jody Powell held a press conference and distributed copies of the cover page of the actual NSC46, dated May 4, 1979 and titled U.S. Policies Toward Central America and said that the forged document was "fabricated with some skill and disseminated in a calculated and orchestrated manner" to two African-American media outlets in New York, radio station WBLS-FM and the newspaper The Amsterdam News.[61]
  • Died: Jean Piaget, 84, Swiss developmental psychologist; his educational approach is Piaget's theory of cognitive development

September 17, 1980 (Wednesday)
  • Former President of Nicaragua Anastasio Somoza Debayle was assassinated 15 months after he fled to exile in Paraguay. Somoza had invested in farmland and was scheduled to travel there the next day for a month-long stay, but had a final appointment at a bank before leaving.[62] A Sandinista team of four men and three women carried out "Operation Reptile" in Asunción, tracking Somoza and waiting for him to be driven from his home by his chauffeur Cesar Gallardo, with four Paraguayan policemen following him. At 10:08 in the morning, as Somoza was passing through a residential neighborhood on Avenida España., a stolen pickup truck cut in front of his Mercedes and blocked him at the intersection with Avenida América. Three men in the truck were joined by two more from the house on the corner and fired automatic weapons (striking Somoza with 19 bullets). After shooting the chauffeur, Hugo Irurzún fired a rocket propelled grenade and destroyed the limousine. In addition to Somoza and Gallardo, the assassins had killed Somoza's financial consultant, Jose Baittiner, who had been riding along for the appointment at the bank.[63] Iruzun was killed the next day in a shootout with Paraguayan police.[64]
  • The first vote of confidence since the restoration of democracy to Spain was held in the Congress of Deputies, and the new government of Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez was given narrow approval, 180 to 164.[65]
  • Iraq's President Saddam Hussein announced to the Iraqi Parliament that the 1975 border accord with Iran was "null and void". The Republic of Iraq and the Kingdom of Iran had signed an accord on March 16, 1975, allowing Iran partial control of the Shatt al-Arab, the combined estuary of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, in return for Iran's agreement to discontinue support to Iraq's Kurdish rebels.[66]

September 18, 1980 (Thursday)
Arnaldo Tamayo, pictured in 2018 [67]
  • Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez of Cuba became the first person of African descent to travel into space, as well as the first Cuban cosmonaut, as he and Yuri V. Romanenko were launched on Soyuz 38 to the Salyut 6 space station.[68] The flight was the seventh in the Soviet Union's Interkosmos program, which trained cosmonauts from Soviet allies.
  • Died: Katherine Anne Porter, 90, American journalist and novelist whose book Ship of Fools was the best selling novel of 1962 in the U.S.

September 19, 1980 (Friday)
  • The explosion of the fuel tank of a Titan II missile occurred at a missile silo near Damascus, Arkansas one day after a workman had accidentally dropped a ratchet while working on maintenance. At 3:01 in the morning, the missile exploded, killing U.S. Air Force Sergeant David Livingston and injuring 21 airmen.[69] The blast also hurled an unarmed, nine megaton nuclear warhead, 200 yards from the silo.
  • The Indian state of Bihar, led by Chief Minister Jagannath Mishra, made Urdu a second official language for that state in addition to Hindi as part of a campaign promise that had been made by Mishra.[70] At the time, Urdu, spoken by India's Muslims, had only been official in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Following Bihar's action, four additional would give Indian states gave official status to Urdu.
  • In a bout for the World Boxing Council (WBC) bantamweight title, champion Lupe Pintor of Mexico faced contender and European bantamweight champ Johnny Owen of Wales at the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles. In the first eight rounds, Owen appeared to have the advantage.[71] With 25 seconds left in the 12th round, however, Owen was knocked down (for the first time in his career) [72] by a short right punch and as he attempted to get up, Pintor struck Owen with a left uppercut knockout punch. Owen never regained consciousness, and was rushed from the auditorium to California Hospital Medical Center, where he underwent emergency brain surgery.[73] Owen lived for 46 days before dying on November 4.[74]
  • Died: Sol Lesser, 90, American film producer best known for his series of Tarzan films between 1943 and 1958

September 20, 1980 (Saturday)
George Brett in 1990
  • George Brett of the Kansas City Royals fell out of contention for being the first major league baseball player since 1941 to have a .400 batting average in a season, going hitless in four at-bats during a 9-0 loss to the visiting Oakland A's. Going into the game, he had been at ".3995037— which rounds out to .400" (based on 161 hits in 403 times at bat) [75] before dropping to .396 (161 hits in 407 at bats or .3955774) [76] He crossed the 40% threshold again [77] Ultimately, Brett finished the regular season with a batting average of .390, still the highest in major league history since Ted Williams had hit .401 in 1941. As of 2020, only one player (Tony Gwynn, who batted .394 in 1994) has come close to the 40 percent mark.[78]
  • Ken Osmond a Los Angeles Police Department motorcycle officer and former child television actor who portrayed Eddie Haskell on Leave It to Beaver, survived being struck by five bullets while in a foot chase after a suspected car thief. Osmond was protected from four of the bullets by his bullet-resistant vest, with the fifth bullet ricocheting off his belt buckle.[79]

September 21, 1980 (Sunday)
  • The world's largest airport passenger terminal began operations, three days after the dedication of the William B. Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport with 50 acres of square footage and the capacity to handle 55,000,000 passengers per year. The complex was "two mirror-image main terminals that are joined back-to-back to form one building", with four parallel concourses connected to the building by underground trains and moving sidewalks.[80]
  • In the United States, the League of Women Voters hosted the first of two presidential debates, but U.S. President Jimmy Carter refused to participate because third-party candidate John B. Anderson had been included.[81] With Carter absent, Anderson and Republican nominee Ronald Reagan appeared in Baltimore and before a national television audience. A Carter versus Reagan debate would take place on October 28, seven days before the 1980 U.S. presidential election.
  • The Intelligence Oversight Act was signed into law by President Carter, requiring U.S. government agencies to report covert actions to the intelligence committees of both the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives.[82]
  • Nine days after the overthrow of the government in Turkey, former Admiral Bülent Ulusu became Prime Minister and formed a civilian government of 26 ministers (including seven other retired military officers). The cabinet also had 13 former government ministers, including Turgut Ozal, the only holdover from the cabinet of deposed Prime Minister Suleyman Demirel.[83] Demirel and most of the former cabinet remained in detention.
  • Religious services were broadcast on the radio in Poland for the first time since the 1947 foundation of the Communist-governed Polish People's Republic. The concessions were made by Poland's government as part of the August 31 agreement with striking shipyard workers.[84]
  • The New York Cosmos defeated the Fort Lauderdale Strikers, 3 to 0, at Soccer Bowl '80, the championship of the North American Soccer League, the premier professional league for U.S. soccer football. The game was played before 50,768 people at RFK Stadium in Washington, DC. Giorgio Chinaglia of Italy, the NASL's all-time leading scorer, made the last two goals.[85]
  • Born:

September 22, 1980 (Monday)
  • The Iran–Iraq War began with a surprise attack by the Iraqi Air Force on 10 Iranian airfields, in an unsuccessful attempt to destroy most of Iran's combat aircraft. Air raids were made by 36 MiG-23 fighters and 92 other Iraqi planes [86] on Tabriz, Hamadan, Dizful, Isfahan, Ahwaz, Agha Jari, Bushire, Abadan, and Shiraz, as well as Tehran's airport.[87] At the same time, tanks rolled across the Iraq border into Iran's Kermanshah Province.[88] The next day, ground troops crossed from Iraq into Iran in three simultaneous attacks and captured Iran's oil-rich Khuzestan Province at the north of the Persian Gulf. Two of the six divisions of the Iraqi Army began a siege of the cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr. Iran responded with the aerial bombing the same day of Iraqi bases at Hamedan and Bushehr. The war would last until August 20, 1988, at a loss of as many as 500,000 Iraqi troops, 600,000 Iranian troops and 100,000 civilians in the two nations.
  • Serial killer Joseph G. Christopher began the random murders of 12 African-American victims, by shooting a 14-year old boy outside of a supermarket in Buffalo, New York. The next day, two black men were shot and killed within hours of each other, and a fourth victim was killed on September 23.[89] Christopher, a paranoid schizophrenic who had been turned away earlier in the month from a psychiatric facility when he wanted to admit himself, joined the U.S. Army and stabbed two men in Buffalo while on furlough from Fort Benning in Georgia. His string of killings finally ended on January 18 when he was arrested at Fort Benning for trying to kill another black soldier.[90] He received a 60-year prison sentence in 1982 after being convicted of three of the September shootings. Christopher would tell The Buffalo News in 1983 that he killed 13 people, all black men, because "that was the directive" from "a collection of people".[91] Christopher would die of cancer in 1993 while in prison.[92]
  • Procter & Gamble took the Rely brand tampons off of the market after the Centers for Disease Control identified the product as more likely to cause toxic shock syndrome than any other product. The recall order and an order to halt production was made on order of P&G chairman Edward Harness.[93] Since 1975, 652 women had been infected with toxic shock syndrome from use of tampons, and 63 of them had died.[94]

September 23, 1980 (Tuesday)
  • The National Security Ordinance went into effect in India hours after it had been proclaimed the night by India's President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.[95] Promulgated as part of the President's emergency powers, the ordinance gave giving the national and the state governments broad authority for preventive detention" of citizens suspected of "acting in any manner prejudicial to the security of the State"; "acting in any manner prejudicial to the maintenance of Public order"; or "acting in any manner prejudicial to the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community".[96] Under the ordinance and the acts that followed on December 27, a person arrested could be detained in any designated facility anywhere in India.[97]
  • Tokyo's oldest daily newspaper, The Asahi Shimbun, became the first paper to be produced entirely by computer from the time of composing to being sent out for delivery. "From the moment reporters deliver their handwritten copy to keyboard operators to the time when bundles of papers wrapped in plastic drop into delivery trucks, The New York Times noted, "production is directed by computer." The process included allowing editors to revise the pages and the layout from their own computer terminals before having the images scanned to printing plates.[98]
  • In a referendum in the U.S. state of Maine, voters overwhelmingly rejected a proposal to close down the state's only nuclear reactor facility, the Maine Yankee Nuclear Power Plant.[99] The election was the first in the United States since the 1979 meltdown of one of the Three Mile Island reactors in Pennsylvania. After the plant became too expensive to maintain, it would close in 1996.[100]
  • After weeks of strikes at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland, the nationwide independent trade union Solidarity was established.[101]
  • Two days after being diagnosed with brain cancer,[102] reggae singer Bob Marley performed his final concert, held at the Stanley Theater in Pittsburgh.[103] On the morning of the next concert date in Philadelphia, a reporter noted, "If you were planning to see Bob Marley and the Wailers tonight, you should make new plans. The man's sick and at least the Philadelphia and Washington chunks of his tour are canceled." [104] He would die less than eight months later on May 11, 1981.
  • Died: Jim Fouché, 82, State President of South Africa from 1968 to 1975

September 24, 1980 (Wednesday)

September 25, 1980 (Thursday)
  • The Mariel boatlift, which had allowed boats from the United States to transport 125,262 persons who were permitted to leave Cuba, came to an end. Cuban officials ordered the remaining U.S. boats in the port of Mariel to leave.[107]
  • Three days into its invasion of Iran, troops from neighboring Iraq captured the port of Khorramshahr, marching into the oil-exporting site after a two-day siege.[108]
  • A settlement was reached in the 67-day long strike by U.S. film and television actors, allowing production to begin again on TV shows.[109]
  • The United States retained yachting's America's Cup, winning for the 25th consecutive time since the international challenge had been started in 1851.[110] Dennis Conner sailed the sloop Freedom, appearing for the U.S. and the New York Yacht Club, defeating Australia (and its yacht, Australia, skippered by James Hardy) in the fifth race of the best-of-seven series.
  • Born: T.I. (stage name for Clifford Harris Jr.), American rap artist and record executive; in Atlanta
  • Died:
    • John Bonham, 32, English musician and drummer for Led Zeppelin, died of pulmonary aspiration from vomiting and choking following the ingestion of over one liter of vodka in the 24-hours before his death.
    • Lewis Milestone (born Leib Milstein), 84, Russian-born American film director known for All Quiet on the Western Front, The Front Page, Of Mice and Men and Ocean's 11
    • Marie Under, 97, celebrated Estonian language poet
    • Saville Sax, 56, American spy

September 26, 1980 (Friday)

September 27, 1980 (Saturday)
Cossiga, toppled by a single vote
  • By a single vote, the economic proposals of Italy's Prime Minister Francesco Cossiga failed to win approval in Camara dei deputati, failing 297 to 298. At least 30 members of the governing Democrazia Cristiana (DC) party had previously stated that they would go against the economic proposals. Two DC members who had expressed support for Cossiga, and presumabley would have potentially made the vote 299 to 298 in his favor, arrived several minutes too late to participate, including Mariapia Garavaglia. Fifteen minutes after the vote was announced, Prime Minister Cossiga announced his resignation along with his entire cabinet, which included a coalition of Socialists and Republicans.[115] On October 18, Arnaldo Forlani was appointed Prime Minister and formed a new coalition.
  • The Richmond Tigers defeated the Collingwood Magpies, 159 to 78, to win the Victorian Football League's Grand Final and the championship of Australian rules football.[116] The match took place in front of 113,461 spectators at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.[117]

September 28, 1980 (Sunday)
  • The Washington Post newspaper published the feature article "Jimmy's World" on its front page, a story by reporter Janet Cooke that began "Jimmy is 8 years old and a third-generation heroin addict, a precocious little boy with sandy hair, velvety brown eyes and needle marks freckling the baby-smooth skin of his thin brown arms." [118] Copyrighted by the Post and reprinted by other newspapers, Cooke's story would win a Pulitzer Prize for feature writing on April 13, 1981. Two days later, Cooke admitted to executive editor Benjamin Bradlee that she had fabricated the story. In a telegram to the Pulitzer Prize Foundation, Bradlee returned the prize and wrote that Cooke had conceded "that her story about an 8-year-old-heroin addict was in fact a composite, that the quotes attributed to a child were in fact fabricated and that certain events described as eyewitnessed did not in fact happen." [119]
  • The first multiparty elections since 1968 in Panama were conducted as 79 candidates campaigned for the 19 directly-elected seats of the 56 seats Executive Council of the National Assembly. The other 37 members were selected by the government as part of the National Assembly of Municipal Representatives. As a result, the Associated Press noted at the time, "The elections will not tip the balance of power regardless of who wins" and the pro-government municipal representatives would retain majority control even if the opposition won all 19 seats.[120]

September 29, 1980 (Monday)

September 30, 1980 (Tuesday)

References
  1. attribution: Raimond Spekking
  2. "New Korean Leader Stresses Ties to U.S.", The New York Times, September 2, 1980, pA14
  3. "In his magnificent heart he knew he was in trouble", Vancouver Sun, September 3, 1980, p1
  4. "One-legged runner stalled by an attack of stomach flu", Vancouver Sun, September 2, 1980, p1
  5. "Cancer runner fights for life", Ottawa Citizen, September 3, 1980, p1
  6. "Vice President Quits His Guatemala Post", Miami Herald, September 2, 1980, p9
  7. "Joe Bonnano is found guilty of jury tampering", by Wallace Turner, The New York Times, September 3, 1980, pA
  8. "Syria and Libya Agree to Merge but Reveal No Details", The New York Times, September 2, 1980, pA5
  9. "Libya and Syria Sign Merger Agreement", by John Kifner, The New York Times, September 10, 1980, pA8
  10. "Poland's Coal Miners Settle Strike", The New York Times, September 4, 1980, pA1
  11. "Zimbabwe Severs Relations With South Africa", The New York Times, September 2, 1980, pA12
  12. "Dirch Passers-Sidste-Timer" ("Dirch Passer's Last Hours"), TV 2 Danmark A/S
  13. "The 'Cisco Kid' Dies at 76", by Jerry Belcher, Los Angeles Times, September 3, 1980, pI-1
  14. "Actress Who Played Role Of Scarlett's Mother Dies", Santa Cruz (CA) Sentinel, September 4, 1980, p40
  15. "'60s Radical Hoffman Turns Himself In, Is Freed Without Bond, Plugs New Book", Los Angeles Times, September 5, 1980, pI-12
  16. "After Six Years as a Fugitive, Yippie Chief Abbie Hoffman Says He'll Give Up", Los Angeles Times, September 4, 1980, pI-20
  17. John C. Mero, Under the Influence: A Case Study of the Elks, MADD, and DUI Policy (Rowman & Littlefield, 2015) pp53-54
  18. "Swiss Road Tunnel, Longest In World, Opens To Traffic", Indianapolis Star, September 6, 1980, p1
  19. "Tunnel opens in controversy", UPI report in Ottawa Citizen, September 6, 1980, p106
  20. "El Corte Inglés absorbe Hipercor 38 años después de ver la luz" ("El Corte Ingles absorbs Hipercor 38 years after seeing the light"), El Correo de Andalucia, August 27, 2017
  21. Dutch National Archives
  22. "Gierek Ousted from Post as Head of Polish Party; Security Chief Given Job", by John Darton, The New York Times, September 6, 1980, p1
  23. "China gets innovative new leader", by William Montalbano, Knight-Ridder, Detroit Free Press, September 8, 1980, p1
  24. "Chinese Premier Resigns in Favor of Deng's Man— Hua, Mao's Choice, Yields in a Peaceful Transition", by Fox Butterfield, The New York Times, September 8, 1980, p1
  25. "China Limits Couples to One Child", by Fox Butterfield, Des Moines Register, September 8, 1980, p2
  26. "Stars Give Emmys No-Show Business", by Steven Reddicliffe, Miami Herald, September 8, 1980, p1
  27. The Emmys are awarded, but few come to pick them up, AP report by Bob Thomas, in Louisville Courier-Journal, September 8, 1980, p2
  28. "McEnroe Outlasts Borg For U.S. Open Title", Atlanta Constitution, September 8, 1980, p1-D
  29. "Military Elite Play Games On Both Sides of Germany", Miami Herald, September 9, 1980, p4-A
  30. "Generals test war readiness", by Rodney Pinder, Vancouver Sun, September 15, 1980, p15
  31. "China, U.S. Agree On Airline Flights", Atlanta Constitution, September 9, 1980, p6
  32. "Arrival of U.S. Airliner Is China's First Since '49", The New York Times, December 8, 1980, pA9
  33. "HE'S IN LOVE AGAIN! LADY DI IS THE NEW GIRL FOR CHARLES?" Sarah Bradford, Diana: Finally, the Complete Story (Penguin, 2007)
  34. "List of websites and links of the enquiries of Derbyshire sinking". www.c4tx.org. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  35. Faulkner, Douglas. "An Independent Assessment of the Sinking of the MV DERBYSHIRE" (PDF). Royal Institution of Naval Architects. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  36. "Hope fades for ship hit by typhoon off Japan", The Guardian (London), September 16, 1980, p1
  37. "Satellite to Aid Forecasts On Movement of Storms", The New York Times, September 8, 1980, pA14
  38. "Satellite Out To Pasture", Montgomery (AL) Advertiser, November 9, 1988, p3
  39. "John Griffin Dies; Author of 'Black Like Me, Hartford (CT) Courant, September 10, 1980, p8
  40. "Radio Actor's Last Scene a Murder", The New York Times, September 11, 1980, pA17
  41. "Ex-Student Said to Admit Killing of Drama Coach", The New York Times, September 12, 1980, pA12
  42. "China Unveils Its First Income Tax", Los Angeles Times, September 3, 1980, p1
  43. Handbook of Universities, Volume 2, ed. by Ameeta Gupta and Ashish Kumar (Atlantic Publishers, 2006) p545
  44. "Rule by Military Backed Heavily In Chilean Vote", by Edward Schumacher, The New York Times, September 12, 1980, pA3
  45. "Australians Are to Vote In a General Election", The New York Times, September 12, 1980, pA7
  46. "Cuban Attaché at U.N. Is Slain From Ambush on Queens Road", by Robert D. McFadden, The New York Times, September 12, 1980, pA1
  47. "Military in Turkey Ousts Government of Premier Demirel— The Parliament Is Dissolved", The New York Times, September 12, 1980, pA1
  48. "Ex-Premiers Freed by Junta in Turkey", The New York Times, October 12, 1980, pA1
  49. "Mystery Crash: Did The People Aboard The Airplane Have Any Idea They Were About To Die?", by Tim Pallesen, Knight-Ridder Newspapers, St. Petersburg (FL) Evening Independent, September 17, 1980, p6-A
  50. Aviation Safety Network
  51. Scott B. MacDonald, Trinidad and Tobago: Democracy and Development in the Caribbean (Praeger, 1986) p196
  52. "Kurt Semm and the Fight against Skepticism: Endoscopic Hemostasis, Laparoscopic Appendectomy, and Semm's Impact on the “Laparoscopic Revolution", by Grzegorz S. Litynski, Journal of the Society of Laparoscopic & Robotic Surgeons (July–September, 1998)
  53. "Rock Concert Draws 400,000 to Central Park", The New York Times, September 14, 1980, pA1
  54. "Crowd of 400,000 Sets Record for Park", The New York Times, September 14, 1980, pA46
  55. "89 Saudi Soldiers Killed In Air Crash at Medina", The New York Times, September 16, 1980, pA10
  56. Robert Gordon, et al., British Musical Theatre Since 1950 (Bloomsbury, 2016) p132
  57. "Of Safe Havens and Sinking Ships: The Church in Oral Histories of Middle Eastern Christians in Austria", by Andreas Schmoller, in Middle Eastern Christians and Europe: Historical Legacies and Present Challenges (Lit Verlag, 2018) p184
  58. "Zimbabwe's Army Chief Is Dismissed for Disloyalty", The New York Times, September 18, 1980, pA4
  59. "Former All-Pro Tyrer Kills Wife, Then Self", Toledo Blade, September 16, 1980, p23
  60. "Spy plan on blacks a sham: White House", by Lars-Erik Nelson, Daily News (New York), September 17, 1980, p2
  61. "U.S. Calls Document on Africa a Forgery— Black New Yorkers Got Purported Federal Report That Calls for Support of South Africa", The New York Times, September 18, 1980, pA19
  62. "Somoza, Ousted Nicaraguan Ruler, Is Ambushed and Slain in Paraguay", by Edward Schumacher, The New York Times, September 18, 1980, pA1
  63. "The Somoza Killing: A Meticulous Plot", The New York Times, September 22, 1980, pA5
  64. "Paraguay Says a Suspect In Somoza Case Is Slain", by Edward Schumacher, The New York Times, September 19, 1980, pA4
  65. "Spain's Revamped Cabinet Wins Confidence Vote", by James M. Markham, The New York Times, September 19, 1980, pA6
  66. "Iraq Ends 1975 Border Pact With Iran as Frontier Clashes Continue", The New York Times, September 18, 1980, pA8
  67. attribution User:Escla
  68. "Soviet Lofts a Capsule With Cuban Astronaut", The New York Times, September 19, 1980, pA4
  69. "Missile Silo Explodes; 1 Killed, 21 Injured", The New York Times, September 20, 1980, p1
  70. "'Stop celebrating Lalu's B'day as Urdu Day'", by Abdul Qadir, The Times of India, July 31, 2016
  71. "Pintor defends WBC title", Arizona Republic (Phoenix), September 20, 1980, p3
  72. "Boxer Owen battles for life", by Hugh McIlvanney, The Observer (London), September 21, 1980, p1
  73. "Owen Undergoes Brain Surgery After Knockout", by Mark Heisler, Los Angeles Times, September 20, 1980, pIII-1
  74. "Owen, Welsh Boxer, Dies From Injuries"The New York Times, November 5, 1980, pA26
  75. "Brett's Two Hits Put Him At .400", Tampa Tribune, September 20, 1980, p4-C
  76. "The Brett report— Current average .396", Tallahassee (FL) Democrat, September 21, 1980, p11F
  77. "Brett realizes .400 chances slim", Arizona Daily Star (Tucson AZ), October 1, 1980, pE-3
  78. Baseball-Reference.com
  79. "Ex-TV Actor Saved By Bulletproof Vest", The New York Times, September 20, 1980, p. 45
  80. "Atlanta Pins Wings on Its $500 Million Airport Terminals", The New York Times, September 19, 1980, pA13
  81. "Carter Declines to Debate After Anderson Is Invited", by Hedrick Smith, "The New York Times, September 10, 1980, p1
  82. "Intelligence Oversight Act of 1980", by Andrew Green, in The Central Intelligence Agency: An Encyclopedia of Covert Ops, Intelligence Gathering, and Spies, ed. by Jan Goldman (ABC-CLIO, 2015) p197
  83. "New Cabinet Is Formed in Turkey", The New York Times, September 22, 1980, p1
  84. "Polish Church Begins Broadcasting Regular Sunday Religious Services", by John Darnton, The New York Times, September 22, 1980, pA3
  85. "Cosmos Boot Strikers, 3-0", by Greg Cote, Miami Herald, September 22, 1980, p1-C
  86. "Combat over the Persian Gulf", MikoyanMiG website
  87. "Iraqi Planes Strike 10 Airfields in Iran; Oil Area Imperiled", by John Kifner, The New York Times, September 23, 1980, p1
  88. Ali Ezzatyar, The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan: Ethnic and Religious Implications in the Greater Middle East (Springer, 2016) pp148-149
  89. "Police fear black men died at hand of 'Son of Sam' type", Miami News, September 25, 1980, p4
  90. "Soldier may be suspect", Rochester (NY) Democrat and Chronicle, April 24, 1981, p1
  91. "Convicted murderer hints more slayings", AP report in Santa Cruz (CA) Sentinel, September 19, 1983, pB-12
  92. "Obituaries— Joseph G. Christopher", Daily News (New York), March 5, 1993, p62
  93. "Rely Tampon Recalled by Maker; Linked to Toxic Shock Syndrome", by Richard Severo, The New York Times, September 23, 1980, pA1
  94. "Illness Linked to Tampons Up to 652 Cases, 63 Deaths", The New York Times, November 22, 1980, pA8
  95. "New Law Gives Gandhi Regime Power to Imprison Without Trial", The New York Times, September 24, 1980, pA1
  96. "The National Security Act, 1980" text, South Asia Terrorism Portal
  97. "What is the National Security Act: All you need to know", India Today, February 6, 2019
  98. "Computers Do It All at Tokyo Paper Asahi", The New York Times, October 19, 1980, pA19
  99. "Maine Votes to Keep Its Nuclear Plant", The New York Times, September 24, 1980, pA1
  100. Stephanie Cooke, In Mortal Hands: A Cautionary History of the Nuclear Age (Black Inc., 2009) p. 301
  101. "Polish workers begin movement", The Age (Melbourne), September 24, 1980, p6
  102. David Moskowitz, The Words and Music of Bob Marley (Praeger, 2007) pp111-115
  103. "Bob Marley, Wailers to rock", North Hills (PA) News Record, September 23, 1980, pD-4
  104. "Records", by Rich Aregood, September 26, 1980, p38
  105. "'Phantom Gambler' chose to die rather than be alone", The Evening Independent (St. Petersburg FL), April 9, 1985, p6-A
  106. CPI Inflation Calculator
  107. "Castro stops sealift; boats returning empty", by Jack Knarr and Marilyn A. Moore, Miami News, September 26, 1980, p1
  108. "Baghdad Says Its Troops Capture Khurramshahr and Cut a Rail Line", by John Kifner, The New York Times, September 26, 1980, pA1
  109. "Actors and Producers Reach Tentative Pact", The New York Times, September 26, 1980, pA1
  110. "Freedom Keeps Cup for the U.S.", The New York Times, September 26, 1980, pA25
  111. "10 Killed by a Bomb at Oktoberfest", The New York Times, September 27, 1980, pA3
  112. "Neo-Nazi Group Suspected in Blast That Killed 12 at Munich Festival", The New York Times, September 29, 1980, pA4
  113. Derek A. Levine, The Dragon Takes Flight: China's Aviation Policy, Achievements, and International Implications (Brill, 2015) pp. 103-105
  114. "Chinese Reds Limited To a Child Per Family", The New York Times, September 27, 1980, pA2
  115. "Italian Cabinet Quits as Parliament Rejects Economic Plan by One Vote", The New York Times, September 27, 1980, pA3
  116. "Bartlett Leads Tigers to Flag", Sydney Morning Herald, September 28, 1980, p79
  117. "Tigers savor their kill", by Geoff Slattery, The Age (Melbourne), September 29, 1980, p34
  118. "Jimmy's World", Washington Post, September 28, 1980, p1 (includes subsequent disclaimer)
  119. "Winner of Pulitzer Admits Hoax", Los Angeles Times, April 15, 1981, p8
  120. "Vote Held in Panama; First Time in 12 Years That Parties Took Part", The New York Times, September 29, 1980, pA9
  121. Gucheng Li, A glossary of political terms of the People's Republic of China (Chinese University Press, 1995) pp166-168
  122. "Iran Bombers Hit Baghdad Atom Facility", Los Angeles Times, October 1, 1980, pI-1
  123. "The Ethernet: A Local Area Network Data Link Layer and Physical Layer Specifications"
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