January 1975

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The following events occurred in January 1975:

January 17, 1975: Deng Xiaoping returns to power
January 15, 1975: Space Mountain roller coaster opens
January 22, 1975: Landsat 2 launched into space

January 1, 1975 (Wednesday)
  • Former U.S. Attorney General John N. Mitchell, former presidential Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman were found guilty by a jury of 9 women and 3 men, on charges of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury in the cover-up of the Watergate scandal. Robert C. Mardian, a fourth defendant, was found guilty on one count of conspiracy.[1][2]
  • Euroqean-Mediterranean Seismological Center (EMSC), as known well for geological and landscape observe and survey center in Europe and worldwide, founded in Strasbourg, France.
  • In college football, the previously-undefeated Alabama Crimson Tide, ranked #1 in the UPI poll and #2 by the AP, lost to #9 Notre Dame, 13–11, in the Orange Bowl, giving Irish coach Ara Parseghian a victory in his final game.[3] The #5 USC Trojans, going for a 2-point conversion rather than kicking an extra point, defeated #3 Ohio State (#2 in UPI), 18–17, to win the Rose Bowl before a crowd of 106,000.[4] Oklahoma University, ranked #1 by the AP, and was ineligible for a bowl and for a ranking in the UPI Coaches' Poll, while #4 Michigan was not invited to a bowl.
  • The Khmer Rouge began the campaign that would put it in control of Cambodia, cutting off the supply lines to Phnom Penh.[5]
  • Knighthood was conferred by Queen Elizabeth II on comedian Charlie Chaplin, author P. G. Wodehouse, athlete Roger Bannister, and cricket legend Gary Sobers.[6]
  • In fiction, the 2000 novel White Teeth, by Zadie Smith, opens with Archie Jones making an attempt at suicide on January 1, 1975.[7]
  • The new Constitution of Sweden came into effect.[8]

January 2, 1975 (Thursday)

January 3, 1975 (Friday)
  • The University of Oklahoma Sooners were given the number 1 ranking in the final AP sportswriters poll of the 1974 college football season, and a share of the unofficial national college football championship. The Sooners had been the only undefeated and untied team, but had been ineligible for postseason play, and were not included in the UPI coaches' poll. The USC Trojans, #1 in UPI, were 2nd in the AP poll.[15]
  • In the largest return in history of U.S. government land to an American Indian tribe, 250 square miles of the Grand Canyon National Monument were deeded back to the Havasupai people with the signing of a bill by President Ford. The 400 members of the tribe had been limited to a reservation of only 518 acres, less than one square mile, at the bottom of Havasu Canyon, since 1882. The legislation also enlarged the National Park by adding 687,000 acres to bring its total size to 1,875 square miles.[16]
  • Died: Milton Cross, 77, announcer since 1931 for the weekly radio broadcasts of the Metropolitan Opera. Cross, known to his fans as "Mr. Opera", was preparing for the next day's show when he collapsed at his home.

January 4, 1975 (Saturday)
  • Henry Boucha of the Minnesota North Stars, who had been the NHL's Rookie of the Year two years earlier, suffered a career ending eye injury after being high-sticked by Dave Forbes of the Boston Bruins during Boston's 8–0 win. Forbes would become the first American professional athlete to be criminally indicted for a crime committed in the course of a game, although the trial ended in a hung jury. In 1980, Boucha settled a lawsuit against Forbes, the Bruins and the NHL for $1,500,000.[17]
  • U.S. President Gerald R. Ford signed legislation making 55 miles per hour the maximum speed limit across the United States, making permanent what had been a temporary order in 1973 by President Nixon.[18]
  • Executive Order 11828 created the Commission on CIA Activities within the United States, chaired by U.S. Vice-President Nelson Rockefeller.[19]
  • Wimbledon become the first non league club to win at a First Division club in the F A cup third round since the creation of the Third Division in 1920. Altrincham almost achieve the same objective when holding Everton to a draw. Thirty-one of the Thirty-two ties take place with cup holders, Liverpool defeating Stoke while West Ham win at Southampton at the start of their ultimately victorious cup run.[20]
  • Died:

January 5, 1975 (Sunday)
  • The Wiz, a musical adaptation of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz with an African-American cast, opened on Broadway. It would go on to win two Tony Awards and run for 1,672 performances.[21]
  • The Tasman Bridge in Tasmania, Australia, was struck by the bulk ore carrier Lake Illawarra, killing 12 people. The ship struck a support on the mile-long bridge at about 9:00 pm, bringing down a 240-foot-long (73 m) section on top of it, and sank. Three vehicles on the bridge plunged into the River Derwent below.[22]
  • The leaders of the three military groups fighting for the independence of Angola- Jonas Savimbi of UNITA, Agostinho Neto of MPLA, and Holden Roberto of FNLA- signed the Mombasa Agreement in Kenya's capital, under the sponsorship of President Jomo Kenyatta, pledging to work together to negotiate with Portugal. The united front lasted only a few months, after the United States allied with UNITA and the Soviet Union assisted the MPLA.[23][24]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • Don Wilson, 29, American MLB pitcher for the Houston Astros (1966–1974), by carbon monoxide poisoning
    • Gottlob Berger, 79, convicted German SS General and Nazi war criminal who spent six years at Spandau prison
    • Rudolf Demme, 80, German Panzer division general who spent ten years in a Soviet prison

January 6, 1975 (Monday)
  • The game show Wheel of Fortune, created by Merv Griffin and inspired by the children's game "Hangman", premiered on NBC at 10:30 am Eastern time. The original hosts were Chuck Woolery and Susan Stafford, who would be replaced in 1982 by Pat Sajak and Vanna White, respectively.[25]
  • After the sale of gold was legalized in the United States, for the first time since 1933, on December 31, the U.S. Treasury conducted its first auction of a part of its gold reserves, setting aside an unprecedented 2,000,000 ounces for sale, in individual 400 ounce gold bricks, valued at $70,000 apiece based on the European market price of $175 an ounce. The first sealed bid that was opened was for $156 an ounce by the investment firm of Austern and Paul.[26]
  • AM America, which would later be replaced by Good Morning America, made its television debut on ABC at 7:00 am Eastern time. Intended to compete against the Today show and The CBS Morning News, the news series was hosted by Bill Beutel, with co-hosts Stephanie Edwards and Peter Jennings.
  • Another World, an afternoon soap opera airing on NBC since 1964 as a 30-minute show, expanded to 60 minutes. It was the first ongoing attempt of a U.S. serial to air in a time slot of that length, and would be the beginning of a wave of other soaps expanding to 60-minute lengths. The last long-running 30-minute serial to expand to 60 minutes would be The Young and the Restless in 1980.
  • An attempt by Malcolm Forbes to become the first person to fly a balloon across the Atlantic Ocean, ended before it started. Multimillionaire publisher Forbes and aerospace scientist Thomas Heinsheimer were preparing to lift off from Santa Ana, California in the Windborne for a 7,000 mile trip.[27]
  • Born: Ricardo Santos, Brazilian beach volleyball player, and 2004 Olympic gold medalist; in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
  • Died: Burton K. Wheeler, 92, isolationist U.S. Senator for Montana from 1923 to 1947

January 7, 1975 (Tuesday)
  • The South Vietnamese province of Phuoc Binh became the first to be captured by Viet Cong invaders, who led an assault with tanks and three infantry divisions.[28] Out of 5,400 South Vietnamese Army defenders, only 850 survived, and twenty Vietnam Air Force planes were shot down; local officials were summarily executed.[29] U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger would later write, "Phuoc Binh was the test case" for the North Vietnamese government to decide whether to proceed with trying to conquer South Vietnam, and "If the United States reacted, there was still a chance for Hanoi to withdraw from the brink." [5]
  • The women's basketball team of Louisiana Tech, which would go on to win three national championships and more than 80% of its games, played its very first game, and lost, 59–55, to visiting Southeastern Louisiana University.[30] The crowd for the first was about 45 people.[31]

January 8, 1975 (Wednesday)

January 9, 1975 (Thursday)
  • Denmark's Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister Poul Hartling, gained seats in the election for the Parliament, the 179 seat Folketing, to increase its share to 42 members. The Social Democrats gained as well, winning 53 seats.[38]
  • A mountain in Mexico called the Mountain of Butterflies where many monarch butterflies go at wintertime is discovered.
  • "The Beatles & Co., Ltd.", the corporation created by John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr to pay them as employees in order to effect a savings on taxes, was formally dissolved by a court in London, four years after McCartney had filed suit in the year after the band's breakup.[39]
  • Died:

January 10, 1975 (Friday)
  • Pope Paul VI broke a 900-year-old policy by accepting a woman as an envoy from to the Vatican. Bernadette Olowo was appointed by Uganda, which had 3.5 million Roman Catholics, more than any other nation in Africa, and was also that nation's ambassador to West Germany. A spokesman for the Vatican said, "The acceptance of a woman ambassador will be subject to the same rules as men," including good moral behavior and compliance with for Roman Catholic doctrine. The year before, the Pope had rejected an Australian nomination of a woman ambassador because she was a divorcee. Forty years earlier, Pope Pius XI had declared that women should not work at any occupation outside of the home.[40]
  • The Queen Elizabeth 2 began its first round-the-world cruise, departing New York City under tight security with 1,200 passengers.[41]
  • Born: Jake Delhomme, American NFL quarterback, in Breaux Bridge, Louisiana

January 11, 1975 (Saturday)
  • Soyuz 17, with Soviet cosmonauts Aleksei Gubarev and Georgi Grechko, both 43 and making their first flights, lifted off from the Baikonur space center and docked successfully with the Salyut 4 space station, becoming the first men to occupy it.[42] They would return to Earth on February 7 after setting a new record for most days (28) spent in outer space.[43]
  • The last remains of the rocket that had launched Skylab into orbit in 1973, re-entered the atmosphere and burned up at about 3:00 pm EST.[44]
  • Ipswich Town defeat Middlesbrough 2–0 to maintain a one-point lead in the English Soccer First Division with sixteen games remaining. Roger Osborne and David Johnson are the goal scorers.
  • Died: Paul Peter Meouchi, 80, Lebanese Maronite priest and first Maronite to serve in the Vatican's college of cardinals

January 12, 1975 (Sunday)

January 13, 1975 (Monday)
  • The Chrysler Corporation began offering rebates of up to $400 on specific models of new cars and light trucks in what was described as "an unprecedented five week campaign". The move was driven by an inventory of 340,000 unsold 1975 models, with the incentive of paying customers rather than reducing the sticker price.[48]
  • Terrorists attempted to shoot down an El Al airliner that was preparing to take off from Orly airport in Paris on a flight to New York with 136 passengers. The missile failed to hit due to the pilot's evasive action, and struck a Yugoslavian DC-9 that had not yet boarded, but failed to explode. A second attempt was made six days later, and the two tries were traced to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, to Muamar Gadhafi, and to the international terrorist Ilich Ramirez Sanchez (Carlos).[49]
  • The coldest wind chill ever recorded in North America was measured at Kugaaruk, in the Nunavut territory of Canada (formerly Pelly Bay, Northwest Territories). An air temperature of -60 °F and a wind speed of 35 mph combined for a wind chill factor of -135 °F (-78 °C) [50]
  • In a crime that shocked all of India, terrorists from the Mizo National Front (MNF) charged into the police headquarters at Aizawl, capital of the Mizoram state, and murdered the three top officials- Inspector General G.S. Arya, Deputy Inspector Sewa and Police Superintendent Panchapakesan.[51]

January 14, 1975 (Tuesday)
  • The House Un-American Activities Committee, most notable for its investigations and accusations of Communist infiltration of Hollywood, was disbanded by the U.S. House of Representatives after 37 years. In 1969, it had been renamed the "Committee on Internal Security".[52]
  • U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger announced that the Soviet Union was rescinding its agreement to a trade deal with the United States, eleven days after the Jackson–Vanik amendment to the Trade Act of 1974 had been signed into law. The amendment, sponsored by U.S. Senator and Democratic presidential candidate Henry M. Jackson (as well as U.S. Representative Charles Vanik) provided that nations with "non-market economies" that restricted emigration were to be denied most favored nation status, and had been aimed at putting pressure on the Soviet Union to drop its opposition to allowing its Jewish citizens to emigrate. Soviet First Secretary Leonid Brezhnev had sent a letter to U.S. President Ford on December 25, warning that the amendment was unacceptable. The amendment had the opposite effect, with Jewish emigration decreasing by 35% between 1974 and 1975.[53]
  • The Convention on Registration of Launched Objects into Outer Space, an international treaty requiring the signatory nations to keep the United Nations informed of the orbital details of any object launched into outer space, was signed in New York, and went into effect on September 15, 1976.[54]
  • U.S. Vice-President Nelson Rockefeller was named by President Ford to chair a special commission to investigate domestic spying by the Central Intelligence Agency.[55]

January 15, 1975 (Wednesday)
  • The Alvor Agreement was signed at the Penina Golfe Hotel in Alvor, Portugal, by the chiefs of the three groups fighting for the independence of Angola (Savimbi, Neto and Roberto) and President Costa Gomes of Portugal, after which the Portuguese government announced a date of November 11, 1975, for the independence of the colony of Portuguese West Africa as Angola.[24][56][57]
  • Space Mountain, an enclosed roller coaster, operated in near darkness, opened at Walt Disney World in Florida, and later was duplicated at the other Disney parks.[58]
  • CIA Director William Colby confirmed the reports from New York Times reporter Seymour Hersh and revealed to a U.S. Senate subcommittee that the agency had violated its charter by spying on American citizens for activities within the United States.[59]
  • Born: Mary Pierce, Canadian-born French professional tennis player; winner of Australian Open, 1995, and French Open, 2000; in Montreal
  • Died: Ernest Koliqi, 78, Albanian poet

January 16, 1975 (Thursday)
Ironside
  • A U.S. District Court jury awarded $12,000,000 to 1,200 anti-war demonstrators who had been illegally arrested on May 5, 1971 while they listened to a speech by Congressman Ronald Dellums of California at the U.S. Capitol. The amount was ordered payable by the District of Columbia government, following the suit by the ACLU. Many of the group had been detained at makeshift compounds, including the RFK Stadium. The ACLU had located 900 of the named plaintiffs [60] [61]
  • The NBC television show Ironside, starring Raymond Burr as wheelchair-bound police detective Robert Ironside, showed its 199th and final episode after a run of eight seasons.[62]

January 17, 1975 (Friday)
  • At the first meeting of China's National People's Congress in ten years, Zhou Enlai was re-elected as Prime Minister, and Deng Xiaoping, who had been in disgrace with the Communist Party for eight years, was elected as a Vice-Premier and Vice-Chairman of the party. Yeh Chin-ying was made Defense Minister, filling a spot left vacant by the death of the vilified Lin Biao.[63] A new Constitution for the People's Republic was promulgated on the same day.[64]
  • After the French Chamber of Deputies voted 284–189 in favor of legalization of abortion, the law proposed by Simone Veil went into effect, allowing abortion on demand during the first ten weeks of pregnancy.[65]
  • Born: Tony Brown, New Zealand rugby union football player, in Balclutha
  • Died: General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, 74, President of Colombia from 1953 to 1957

January 18, 1975 (Saturday)

January 19, 1975 (Sunday)
AEC out
NRC in
ERDA

January 20, 1975 (Monday)
  • Work was abandoned on the British end of the Channel Tunnel. The House of Commons approved cancellation of the project, 294–218, after Environment Secretary Anthony Crosland said that the nation could no longer afford the cost, which had increased to $4.6 billion.[75] Crosland, 56, said that he expected that the tunnel would be finished during his lifetime,[76] but he died two years later. Work was restarted in 1986 as a private venture, and the tunnel was completed in 1994.[77]
  • The Passamaquoddy and the Penobscot Indian tribes received a major victory in their lawsuit against the U.S. Department of the Interior and their claims against the State of Maine, when U.S. District Judge Edward T. Gignoux ruled in Portland that the Interior Department had to intervene on their side in the case, based on the Nonintercourse Act of 1790.[78] The two small tribes would go on to obtain an $81,500,000 settlement and build a huge gambling empire.[79]
  • Life University, founded by Sid E. Williams and located in Marietta, Georgia, held its first classes, as Life Chiropractic College, with 22 students enrolled. By 1995, it had more than 4,000 students.[80]
  • Michael Ovitz, Michael Rosenfeld, Ron Meyer, Bill Haber, and Rowland Perkins founded the Creative Artists Agency after departing from the William Morris agency, and built CAA into one of the most powerful groups of sports agents and entertainment agents.[81]
  • Provisional IRA member, Kevin Coen was killed by soldiers while attempting to hijack a bus in Kinawley, Northern Ireland.[73]
  • Born: David Eckstein, American MLB baseball player and 2006 World Series MVP; in Sanford, Florida
  • Died: Kay Summersby, 66, wartime chauffeur for General Dwight Eisenhower who wrote about their extramarital relationship in her book, Past Forgetting

January 21, 1975 (Tuesday)
  • In the English town of Todmorden, Dr. Harold Shipman, a young general practitioner, made a house call to 73-year-old widow Lily Crossley, who died half an hour after he left. Later in the day, he visited Elizabeth Pearce, 84, who died a few minutes later of what he listed as a cerebral hemorrhage. At the close of the day, he visited Robert Lingard, 63, who died minutes later of what Dr. Shipman described as a heart attack.[82] They were the first of hundreds of Dr. Shipman's patients to die after he treated them, until his arrest in 1998. Officially, there were 215 confirmed victims, and he was suspected in the deaths of another 200.[83]
  • The bodies of ten men and three women were found at Club Gargantua, a topless bar in Montreal, victims of an apparent gangland slaying. The club's manager was shot, and the entire group was herded into a storeroom, which was then padlocked and set afire.[84] The gangster suspected in the murders, Richard Blass, nicknamed "The Cat" for his ability to elude attempts on life and to escape jail three times, was killed three days later by Montreal police after going for his gun when he was cornered.[85]
  • The United States Supreme Court rendered its decision in Taylor v. Louisiana, invalidating a Louisiana state law that exempted women from jury duty unless they specifically requested to be eligible.[86]
  • The National Hockey League became the first American sports league to allow women journalists into the players' locker room for interviews, a privilege formerly reserved for men. The NBA followed suit later in the year, with MLB and the NFL not admitting female reporters until later.[87] The two women included in the press at the game in Montreal (which the Wales Conference won 7–1 over the Campbell Conference), were Robin Herman of the New York Times and Marcelle St. Cyr of Montreal redio station CKLM.[88]
  • Two would-be IRA bombers, John Kelly and John Stone, were killed when the bomb they are transporting detonates prematurely in Victoria Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Only the bombers are killed in the explosion.[73]

January 22, 1975 (Wednesday)
  • Almost 50 years after it had been proposed, the United States ratified the Geneva Protocol of 1925, a treaty to ban use of poison gases in wartime as President Ford signed the measure. The U.S. Senate had voted in favor of ratification, 93–0, on December 16, 1974.[89]
  • Landsat 2, the second in a series of American satellites designed to photograph images around the world, was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base at 9:56 am.[90] Nine days earlier, ERTS-1 (launched on July 23, 1972) was renamed Landsat 1 while in orbit above the Earth. Landsat 2 was removed from service on February 25, 1982.[91]
  • A crowd of 3,000 people, angry about the mishandling of flood relief by Governor Khlai Chitphithak of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in Thailand, attacked his official residence and burned it to the ground. The Governor was able to escape the city and to flee to Bangkok.[92]
  • Aston Villa will face Norwich City in the English Soccer Football League Cup Final after the former defeat Chester City 3–2 on the night and 5–4 on aggregate while the latter defeat Manchester United 1–0 on the night and 3–2 on aggregate in the second leg of their semi final ties. Brian Little, for Villa, and Colin Suggett, for Norwich, are the winning goal scorers.[93]

January 23, 1975 (Thursday)
  • Dr. Andreas Gruentzig, a heart surgeon at the University of Zurich, successfully inflated a double-lumen balloon catheter (which he had designed with his wife, assistant to her husband) to dilate the iliac artery of a dog without the side effects of creating an embolism. Later in the year, on September 24, he would first test the method on a coronary artery, and on September 16, 1976, he would use the technique for the first angioplasty on a human being.[94]
  • U.S. President Gerald Ford signed a proclamation for an eventual three-dollar per barrel fee on imported oil, with a one dollar fee effective on February 1, followed by similar increases on March 1 and April 1. Ten northeastern States would receive rebates on the fees due to their heavier reliance on imported oil. Congress voted to delay the increase for 90 days, and a federal court eventually ruled that the President did not have the power to implement fees independently of Congress.[95]
  • The first measurement of astronomical data by an asteroidal occultation took place as astronomers in North America gathered information from the passage of 433 Eros between the Earth and the star Kappa Geminorum.[96]
  • Born: Tito Ortiz, American martial artist; UFC light heavyweight champion, 2000 to 2003; in Santa Ana, California

January 24, 1975 (Friday)
Jarrett
  • Jazz pianist Keith Jarrett played the solo improvisation 'The Köln Concert' at the Cologne Opera. The live performance became the best-selling piano recording in history.[97][98]
  • Dr. Donald Coggan was made the new Archbishop of Canterbury, the administrator of the Church of England.[99]
  • A bomb, planted by the Puerto Rican nationalist group FALN, killed 4 people and injured 58 at The Anglers' Club of New York at 101 Broad Street in New York City. The club was located in the dining room of the Frances Tavern, where George Washington had given his Farewell Address in 1783. A note from the group said that the bombing was in retaliation for a blast on January 11 in Mayagüez, which the FALN said had been placed by the CIA, and had killed 2 people and injured 11.[100]
  • Dr. Jeffrey MacDonald was arrested at his home in Huntington Beach, California after being indicted by a federal grand jury in North Carolina, for the February 17, 1970 murders of his wife and two daughters while he had been in the U.S. Army. Murder charges had been brought against MacDonald but dropped that year for lack of evidence. MacDonald maintained that the killings had been done by four hippies who chanted "Acid is groovy, kill the pigs" before beating him unconscious, and that he had woken to find his family dead.[101] MacDonald was freed on bail a week later. His case came to trial in 1979, and he was found guilty of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. A federal court reversed the conviction in 1980 and MacDonald was freed on bail again, then re-arrested and imprisoned in 1982 after the verdict was upheld.[102]
  • Only seven months after its launch, the Salyut 3 space station was deorbited by the Soviet Union, a day after the secret test-firing of its defensive cannon. It was later determined that the firing of the shells had not played a role in taking the station out of orbit. Salyut 3 re-entered the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean and burned up.[103]
  • British soldier Thomas Lea died eight months after being injured in an IRA bomb attack in Belfast, Northern Ireland.[73]
  • Died: Larry Fine, 72, who had been one of The Three Stooges along with Moe Howard (who would die on May 4) and Curly Howard

January 25, 1975 (Saturday)

January 26, 1975 (Sunday)

January 27, 1975 (Monday)
  • The U.S. Senate voted 82-4 to establish its own special committee to investigate the CIA, with Frank Church of Idaho as the chairman.[110]

January 28, 1975 (Tuesday)
  • Japan and the Soviet Union signed an agreement for a joint venture of drilling for oil on Sakhalin Island, former Japanese territory that became part of the USSR. In return for funding of the development, Japan would receive "a significant discount on half of the pumped oil" for ten years.[111]
  • Died:
    • Antonín Novotný, 70, President of Czechoslovakia 1957-1968
    • Arthur Judson, 93, artists' manager for New York Philharmonic and Philadelphia Orchestra and a co-founder of the Columbia Broadcasting System

January 29, 1975 (Wednesday)

January 30, 1975 (Thursday)
  • A professor of architecture in Budapest applied to the patent office in Hungary for his invention, which he called Terbeli logikai jatek ("Spatial logic game") Bűvös Kocka ("Magic Cube"). Patent #HU 170,062 was granted on March 28, 1977 to Ernő Rubik. [113] [114] [115]
  • Turkish Airlines Flight 345 fell into the Sea of Marmara while coming in for a landing in Istanbul. Electric power at the airport failed as the plane, arriving from Izmir was descending, and the pilot abandoned the landing, and was circling when the jet fell from the sky. All 38 passengers and the crew of 4 were killed.[116]
  • The area around the wreckage of the gunboat USS Monitor, which had sunk in 1862 off of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, was designated at the first National Marine Sanctuary in the United States. The ship, which had fought the CSS Merrimac in the most famous naval battle of the American Civil War, had become an artificial reef over 110 years prior to its location on August 27, 1973.[117]
  • The January 31 deadline for amnesty for draft dodgers who fled from the United States during the Vietnam War was extended to March 1. To that time, about 7,400 of 137,000 eligible had participated in the program, which required one year of volunteer service to avoid prosecution.[118]

January 31, 1975 (Friday)
  • The last victim, of the serial killer known as the "Skid Row Slasher", was claimed after Clyde Hay, a 43-year-old cash register repairman, was found dead in his home in Hollywood, California. Hay was the killer's ninth victim in two months. The first seven had been transients in Los Angeles. Two days later, the killer was forced to flee during his next murder attempt, but left a clue that would end his spree. Vaughn Greenwood would be convicted on nine counts of first degree murder almost two years later.[119]
  • Twenty-seven people on board the Greek oil tanker SS Corinthos were killed after their ship was struck by the American freighter Edgar M. Queeny. The Corinthos had been docked at Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, and was unloading its cargo of crude oil at a dockside refinery operated by British Petroleum, when it was struck by the freighter, which was making a course change.[120]
  • RUC Constable George Coulter was shot dead by the IRA while at a mobile Police patrol near Dungannon, Northern Ireland. He is the ninth and last official Northern Ireland troubles related fatality during the month and the only Police Officer killed[73]
  • Born: Preity Zinta, Indian film actress, in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh state.
  • Died:

References
  1. "4 EX-NIXON AIDES CONVICTED, FACE LONG COVERUP TERMS", Pittsburgh Press, January 2, 1975, p1
  2. "Tapes Tipped the Scales", Milwaukee Journal, January 2, 1975, p1
  3. "End Of Ara Era: Irish Stem Tide", Pittsburgh Press, January 2, 1975, p41
  4. "Trojans Disdain Tie in 18-17 Victory", Milwaukee Journal, January 2, 1975, p2-1
  5. Henry Kissinger, Years of Renewal (Simon and Schuster, 2000) p502
  6. "Charlie Chaplin, P.G. Wodehouse Knighted", St. Petersburg Times, January 2, 1975, p2-A
  7. Zadie Smith, White Teeth: A Novel (Random House, 2000) p3
  8. Heather Knowles, Passport Series: Western Europe (Lorenz Educational Press, 2010) p149
  9. "Blast Kills Rail Chief in India", Milwaukee Journal, January 3, 1975, p1-2
  10. Sean Anderson and Stephen Sloan, Historical Dictionary of Terrorism (Scarecrow Press, 2009) p20
  11. S. Mahmud Ali, Understanding Bangladesh (Columbia University Press, 2010) p305
  12. "Who's Making the Rules Around Here Anyway?", by Cary H. Copeland, ABA Journal (May 1976) p665
  13. Edmund Jan Osmańczyk and Anthony Mango, Encyclopedia of the United Nations and Agreements, Volume 4 (Taylor & Francis, 2003) p2757
  14. "Southern Cal Ranked No. 1", Milwaukee Journal, January 2, 1975, p2-10
  15. "Oklahoma Picked No. 1", Milwaukee Sentinel, January 4, 1975, p2-3
  16. Todd R. Berger, It Happened at Grand Canyon (Globe Pequot, 2007) p126
  17. Stanley H. Teitelbaum, Sports Heroes, Fallen Idols (University of Nebraska Press, 2008) p204
  18. "Ford Makes 55 mph Permanent, Signs Bill To Aid Jobless", Pittsburgh Press, January 5, 1975, p1
  19. W. Thomas Smith, Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency (Infobase Publishing, 2003) p90
  20. http://www.statto.com/football/stats/results/1975-01-04
  21. Michael Patrick Hearn, ed., The Annotated Wizard of Oz (W. W. Norton & Company, 2000)
  22. "5 Die As Ship Hits Aussie Span, Sinks", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 6, 1975, p1
  23. W. Martin James III, A Political History of the Civil War in Angola, 1974-1990 (Transaction Publishers, 2011) p55
  24. W. Martin James, Historical Dictionary of Angola (Scarecrow Press, 2011) p169
  25. Horace Newcomb, Encyclopedia of Television (CRC Press, 2004) p2527
  26. "Big gold auction opens to 200 bids", Miami News, January 6, 1975, p1
  27. "2 Safe As Balloons Burst", Pittsburgh Press, January 6, 1975, p1
  28. "Viet Reds Capture An Entire Province", Pittsburgh Press, January 4, 1975, p1
  29. Spencer Tucker, Vietnam (UCL Press, 1999)
  30. Louisiana Tech Lady Techsters Basketball 2010-11 Media Guide, p122
  31. Kim Mulkey, Won't Back Down: Teams, Dreams, and Family (Da Capo Press, 2008) p20
  32. "Brezhnev reportedly coming to Boston cancer center today", Boston Globe, January 8, 1975, p1
  33. "Brezhnev Boston trip denied", Miami News, January 8, 1975, p1; "Cancer story 'false'", Ottawa Citizen, January 7, 1975, p4
  34. "Boston Fooled by Hoax on Brezhnev Visit", Milwaukee Journal, January 30, 1975, p4
  35. J. Edward Lee and Toby Haynsworth, Nixon, Ford, and the Abandonment of South Vietnam (McFarland, 2002) p83
  36. "Mrs. Grasso Sees Hard Times Ahead", Milwaukee Journal, January 9, 1975, p3
  37. "Sirica Frees Dean, 2 Others in Scandal", Milwaukee Journal, January 8, 1975, p1
  38. "Danes Vote; Coalition May Result", Milwaukee Journal, January 10, 1975, p4
  39. Peter Doggett, You Never Give Me Your Money: The Beatles After the Breakup (HarperCollins, 2010) p28
  40. "First female envoy gets Pope's approval", St. Petersburg Times, January 11, 1975, p5-B
  41. "Security Tight as Luxury Ship Starts Journey", Milwaukee Journal, January 11, 1975, p2
  42. "2 Cosmonauts Settle Into Salyut 4 'Home'", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 13, 1975, p3
  43. Philip Baker, The Story of Manned Space Stations: An Introduction (Springer, 2007) p53
  44. "Remains of Rocket End Journey", Milwaukee Journal, January 11, 1975, p3
  45. "SUPER STEELERS WIN, 16-6", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 13, 1975, p1
  46. Kevin M. Sullivan, The Bundy Murders: A Comprehensive History (McFarland, 2009) pp119-124
  47. Bob Oates, Celebrating the Dawn: Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and the TM Technique (Putnam, 1976) p57
  48. "Chrysler Rebates May Set Trend", Milwaukee Journal, January 8, 1975, p1
  49. Ruwantissa Abeyratne, Aviation Security Law (Springer, 2010) p30
  50. Christopher C. Burt and Mark Stroud, Extreme Weather: A Guide & Record Book (W. W. Norton & Company, 2007) p58
  51. Suhas Chatterjee, Making of Mizoram: Role of Laldenga (M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd., 1994) p244
  52. Richard Gid Powers, Not without Honor: The History of American Anticommunism (Yale University Press, 1998) p353; "Democrats Vote to Abolish Security Committee", Sarasota Herald-Tribune, January 14, 1975, p5-A
  53. Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics (University of Washington Press, 2000) p280-281; "Trade Pact Repudiated By Russia", Pittsburgh Press, January 15, 1975, p1
  54. Francis Lyall and Paul B. Larsen, Space Law: A Treatise (Ashgate Publishing, 2009) p85
  55. Bruce P. Montgomery, Richard B. Cheney and the Rise of the Imperial Vice Presidency (ABC-CLIO, 2009) p29
  56. "Angola to Become Independent Nov. 11", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 16, 1975, p4
  57. Witney W. Schneidman, Engaging Africa: Washington and the Fall of Portugal's Colonial Empire (University Press of America, 2004) p198
  58. Susan Veness, The Hidden Magic of Walt Disney World (Adams Media, 2009) p54; "Disney World Opens Space Mountain", Lakeland (FL) Ledger, January 17, 1975, p1D
  59. "CIA ADMITS SPYING INSIDE U.S.", Pittsburgh Press, January 15, 1975, p1; Frank J. Smist, Jr., Congress Oversees the United States Intelligence Community, 1947-1994 (University of Tennessee Press, 1994) p27
  60. "D.C. Protesters Get $12 Million", Pittsburgh Press, January 17, 1975, p1
  61. "Calls Pour In For Share Of D.C. Suit", Pittsburgh Press, January 18, 1975, p3
  62. "'Ironside' Ending Tonight", Ocala (FL) Star-Banner, January 16, 1975, p12B
  63. "China Re-elects Ailing Chou" Pittsburgh Press, January 18, 1975, p1
  64. Xing Lu, Rhetoric of the Chinese Cultural Revolution: the Impact on Chinese Thought, Culture, and Communication University of South Carolina Press, 2004 p76
  65. Melanie Latham, Regulating Reproduction: A Century of Conflict in Britain and France (Manchester University Press, 2002) p123
  66. James S. Olson, Historical Dictionary of the 1970s (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999) p210
  67. "Derailment Kills 27", Pittsburgh Press, January 19, 1975, p1
  68. http://www.statto.com/football/stats/results/1975-01-18
  69. Barton C. Hacker, Elements of Controversy: the Atomic Energy Commission and Radiation Safety in Nuclear Weapons Testing, 1947-1974 (University of California Press, 1994) p254
  70. "ARABS FREE 10, FLY TO MIDDLE EAST", Pittsburgh Press, January 20, 1975, p1
  71. "Quake Kills 14" Pittsburgh Press, January 20, 1975, p1; S. S. Negi, Discovering the Himalaya (Indus Publishing, 2002) p500
  72. Matt Warshaw, The Encyclopedia of Surfing (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2005) p265
  73. http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/chron/1975.html
  74. Lawrence O. Christensen, Dictionary of Missouri Biography (University of Missouri Press, 1999) p64
  75. "Majority of 76 for decision to drop Chunnel project", Glasgow Herald, January 21, 1975, p3
  76. "Channel Tunnel Plan Shelved", Milwaukee Journal, January 21, 1975, p7
  77. Graham Anderson and Ben Roskrow, The Channel Tunnel Story (Taylor & Francis, 1994) p1
  78. "Maine Indians upheld in landmark suit against U.S.", Bangor Daily News, January 22, 1975, p1
  79. Kim Isaac Eisler, Revenge of the Pequots: How a Small Native American Tribe Created the World's Most Profitable Casino (University of Nebraska Press, 2002) p75
  80. Sid E. Williams, Lasting Purpose: A Mindset for Success (HCI, 1996) p147
  81. Robert Slater, Ovitz: The Inside Story of Hollywood's Most Controversial Power Broker (McGraw Hill, 1997) p209
  82. Wensley Clarkson, The Good Doctor (Macmillan, 2002) pp60-61
  83. "Shipman, Harold Frederick", in The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers by Michael Newton (Infobase Publishing, 2006) pp239-241
  84. "13 Slain Gang-Style At Bar In Montreal", Pittsburgh Press, January 21, 1975, p1
  85. "Montreal Blaze Suspect Slain", Pittsburgh Press, January 25, 1975, p3
  86. Sara Dubow, Ourselves Unborn: A History of the Fetus in Modern America (Oxford University Press, 2010) p211
  87. Ray Gamache, A History of Sports Highlights: Replayed Plays from Edison to ESPN (McFarland, Jul 11, 2010) pp148-149
  88. "Everyone welcome", Regina Leader-Post, January 21, 1975, p23
  89. "Started By Coolidge, Treaty Finally Law", Pittsburgh Press, January 23, 1975, p1
  90. "New Satellite Put Into Orbit To Film Earth", Sarasota Herald-Tribune, January 23, 1975, p16-A
  91. Kali Charan Sahu, Textbook of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (Atlantic Publishers, 2007) p172
  92. Benedict Anderson, The Spectre of Comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia, and the World (Verso, 1998) p161
  93. http://www.statto.com/football/stats/results/1975-01-22
  94. Adrian Thomas, et al., Classic Papers in Modern Diagnostic Radiology (Springer, 2005) p514
  95. Yanek Mieczkowski, Gerald Ford and the Challenges of the 1970s (University Press of Kentucky, 2005) pp232-233; "Ford Boosts Foreign Oil Tariff", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 24, 1975, p1
  96. Stephen J. Edberg and David H. Levy, Observing Comets, Asteroids, Meteors, and the Zodiacal Light (Cambridge University Press, 1994) p103
  97. "Keith Jarrett - Biography". All About Jazz. Archived from the original on 2011-03-18. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
  98. David Davies, Philosophy of the Performing Arts (John Wiley & Sons, 2011) p135
  99. "Anglicans Install 101st Archbishop", Pittsburgh Press, January 24, 1975, p4
  100. "N.Y. Bomb Kills 4, Injures 40", Pittsburgh Press, January 25, 1975, p1; David N. Bossie, Hillary: The Politics of Personal Destruction (Thomas Nelson Inc, 2008)
  101. "Ex-Army Doctor Arrested Again In Family Killing", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 25, 1975, p2
  102. Jerry Allen Potter and Fred Bost, Fatal Justice: Reinvestigating the MacDonald Murders (W. W. Norton & Company, 1997)
  103. Ben Evans, Foothold in the Heavens: The Seventies (Springer, 2010) p286; "Salyut 3 Ends Mission, Burns in Space", Milwaukee Sentinel, January 25, 1975
  104. Craig Baxter and Syedur Rahman, Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh (Scarecrow Press, 2003) p20
  105. http://www.statto.com/football/stats/results/1975-01-25
  106. "Women Cagers Make TV Debut", Ocala (FL) Star-Banner", January 27, 1975, p2B
  107. "Thailand's Free Election", New York Times, February 3, 1975
  108. Takashi Shiraishi and P. N. Abinales,After the Crisis: Hegemony, Technocracy and Governance in Southeast Asia (Trans Pacific Press, 2005) p28
  109. Christopher McCreery, The Order of Canada: its origins, history, and development (University of Toronto Press, 2005)
  110. L. Britt Snider, Agency and the hill: the cia's relationship with congress (Government Printing Office, Aug 7, 2008) p34
  111. Werner D. Lippert, The Economic Diplomacy of Ostpolitik: Origins of NATO's Energy Dilemma (Berghahn Books, 2010) p169
  112. "State Department Bombed", Miami News, January 28, 1975, p1
  113. [https://www.wired.com/2009/01/dayintech-0130/ "Jan. 30, 1975: Rubik Applies for Patent on Magic Cube", This Day in Tech, Wired magazine, January 30, 2009
  114. HU 170062 B", Lens.org, Queensland University of Technology
  115. "Rubik Ernő: Térbeli logikai játék", Hungarian Intellectual Property Office (in Hungarian)
  116. "Turkish Jet Crashes; 41 Aboard", Milwaukee Sentinel, January 31, 1975, p1; Aviation Safety Network
  117. Paul R. Clancy, Ironclad: The Epic Battle, Calamitous Loss, and Historic Recovery of the USS Monitor (McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005) p31; "Monitor Safe From Modern Ocean Peril", Toledo Blade, January 30, 1975, p7
  118. "Ford Extends Clemency Plan 1 Month, Milwaukee Sentinel, January 31, 1975, p3
  119. "Greenwood, Vaughn Orrin", in The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers, by Michael Newton (Infobase Publishing, 2006) pp101-102
  120. "Two Dead, 25 Missing As Ship Rams Tanker", Sarasota (FL) Herald-Tribune, February 1, 1975, p1
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