Shivneri

Shivneri Fort is a 17th-century military fortification located near Junnar in Pune district in Maharashtra, India.[1] It is the birthplace of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of Maratha Empire.[2]

For the rock-cut caves, see Shivneri Caves.
Shivneri
Junnar, Pune District, Maharashtra
Shivneri
Shivneri in Maharashtra
Shivneri
Shivneri (Maharashtra)
Coordinates19.1990°N 73.8595°E / 19.1990; 73.8595
TypeFort
Site information
Owner Government of India
Controlled byDevagiri
Delhi Sultanate
Bahmani Sultanate
Ahmadnagar Sultanate
Maratha Empire (1716-1820)
British Raj (1820-1947)
 India (1947-)
Open to
the public		Yes
Shivneri fort in located on top of the Shivneri hill, Junnar

History

Shivneri is known to be a place of Buddhist dominion from the 1st century AD. Its caves, rock-cut architecture and water system indicate the presence of habitation since 1st century AD. Shivneri got its name as it was under the possession of the Yadavas of Devagiri. This fort was mainly used to guard the old trading route from Desh to the port city of Kalyan. The place passed on to the Bahmani Sultanate after the weakening of Delhi Sultanate during the 15th century and it then passed on to the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in the 16th century. In 1595, a Maratha chief named Maloji Bhonsle, the grandfather of Shivaji Bhosale, was enabled by the Ahmadnagar Sultan, Bahadur Nizam Shah and he gave him Shivneri and Chakan. Shivaji was born at the fort on 19 February 1630 (some accounts place it 1627), and spent his childhood there. Inside the fort is a small temple dedicated to the goddess Shivai Devi, after whom Shivaji was named. The English traveller Fraze visited the fort in 1673 and found it invincible. According to his accounts the fort was well-stocked to feed thousand families for seven years. The fort came under the control of the British Rule in 1820 after the Third Anglo-Maratha War.

Architecture

Shivneri[3] is a hill fort having a triangular shape and has its entrance from the South-west side of the hill.[4] Apart from the main gate there is an entrance to the fort from side called locally as the chain gate, where in one has to hold chains to climb up to the fort gate. The fort extends up to 1 mi (1.6 km) with seven spiral well-defended gates. There are mud walls all around the fort. Inside the fort, the major buildings are the prayer hall, a tomb and a mosque. There is an overhanging where executions took place.[5] There are many gates structures protecting this fort. Mana Daravaja is one of the many gates of the fort. Its also called the origin of Pune.

At the centre of the fort is a water pond which is called 'Badami Talav', and to the south of this pond are statues of Jijabai and a young Shivaji. In the fort there are two water springs, called Ganges and Yamuna, which have water throughout the year. Two kilometers away from this fort there are the Lenyadri caves which is one of Ashtavinayak temple in Maharashtra. It has been declared as a protected monument.[6]


How to reach

The nearest town Junnar is a taluka place and is well connected by road. Junnar is about 90 km from Pune. The fort is at about 2–3 km from the junnar town. It is easy to reach the fort top via main entrance, however the trekkers with proper climbing equipment can try the chain route which is located on the western scarp of the fort. From the top of the fort, Narayangad, Hadsar, Chavand and Nimgiri forts can easily be seen.

Stairs Leading to Shivneri Fort
Mandir at Shivneri Fort
sideview of Shivneri Fort

See also

References
  1. Things to do in Junnar:https://www.republicworld.com/lifestyle/travel/things-to-do-in-junnar-and-places-to-visit-around-this-historic-town.html
  2. Gunaji, Milind (2003). Offbeat tracks in Maharashtra. Popular Prakashan. p. 69. ISBN 81-7154-669-2. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
  3. "The Shivneri Fort Must Place To Visit In 2020 Complete Guide". Fort Trek. 2020-09-04. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
  4. Uncover the past-Shivneri fort:https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/uncover-the-past/articleshow/69918368.cms
  5. Verma, Amrit. Forts of India. New Delhi: The Director, Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. pp. 93–95. ISBN 81-230-1002-8.
  6. "List of the protected monuments of Mumbai Circle district-wise" (PDF). Retrieved 4 July 2015.

Further reading
  • Lahu Gaikwad Shivneri kilyacha Itihas Pub. Pushpnand prakashan pune 2011. ISBN 978-81-907033-8-3. Book in Marathi language.
  • Lahu Gaikwad, Junnar Talukyatil Kilyancha Ithis, Pushpnand prakashan Pune 11 March 2011.ISBN 978-81-907033-9-0.
  • Dr. Lahu Kacharu Shivnerichi Jeevangatha, The life-story of fort shivneri, Sanay prakashan, Narayngaon, Jan 2015. p. 225.
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