Timeline of Armenian history

This is a timeline of Armenian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Armenia and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Armenia. See also the list of Armenian kings.

Millennia: 3rd BC · 2nd BC–1st BC · 1st–2nd · 3rd
Centuries: 24th BC · 23rd BC · 22nd BC · 21st BC

24th century BC

YearDateEvent
2400 BCThe Book of Genesis identifies the land of Ararat as the resting place of Noah's Ark after the "great deluge" described there. The Indo-Europeans were people who presumably spread from the Caucasus, settling on lands along the way. Armenian is one of the Indo-European language branches.

23rd century BC

YearDateEvent
2300 BCThe legendary figure Hayk creates the Armenian nation in the Ararat region. (Akkadians mention Armani in 2300 BC)

21st century BC

Centuries: 20th BC · 19th BC · 18th BC · 17th BC · 16th BC · 15th BC · 14th BC · 13th BC · 12th BC · 11th BC · 10th BC · 9th BC · 8th BC · 7th BC · 6th BC · 5th BC · 4th BC · 3rd BC · 2nd BC · 1st BC

20th century BC

YearDateEvent
2000 BCTrialeti culture

17th century BC

YearDateEvent
1700 BCAram, Armenian patriarch mentioned in the History of Armenia (Moses of Chorene) (dated 5th century AD)

15th century BC

YearDateEvent
1450 BCArtatama I (Thutmose III of Egypt, mentions the people of Ermenen in 1446 BC)

14th century BC

YearDateEvent
1400Artashumara
1384Artatama II

12th century BC

YearDateEvent
1200 BCNairi, a confederation of tribes in the Armenian Highlands, roughly corresponding to the modern Van and Hakkâri provinces of modern Turkey.

9th century BC

YearDateEvent
860 BCFoundation of the Kingdom of Urartu with Aramé.
834 BCReign of Sarduri I who constructs Tushpa (Van). (to 828 BC)
810 BCReign of Menuas who conquers the Araratian fields. (to 785 BC)

8th century BC

YearDateEvent
785 BCReign of Argishtis I.
782 BCConstruction of the fortress of Erebuni (modern Yerevan).

6th century BC

YearDateEvent
585 BCConquest of Urartu by the Medes.
570 BCReign of Orontes I Sakavakyats.
512 BCArmenia is annexed to Persia by Darius I. Urartu is officially called Armenia for the first time in the Behistun inscription.

5th century BC

YearDateEvent
401 BCOrontes I (Yervand I).

4th century BC

YearDateEvent
331 BCAlexander the Great attacks Persia and defeats Darius III, but never conquers Armenia. As a result, Armenia regains its independence from Persia.

2nd century BC

YearDateEvent
190 BCArtaxias I reclaims the sovereignty of Armenia from the Seleucids by establishing the Artaxiad Dynasty with Artaxata as the capital.

1st century BC

YearDateEvent
95 BCAccession of power by Tigranes the Great.
93 BCInvasion of Cappadocia
88 BCConquest of Atropatene, Gordyene, and Osrhoene
83 BCConquest of Syria, Phoenicia, and Cilicia
69 BCTigranes' army is defeated at the Battle of Tigranocerta against Lucullus' Roman army.
68 BCLucullus is beaten off from Artaxata.
67 BCLucullus is recalled to Rome.
66 BCPompey invades Armenia, but returns to Roman land after being offered a generous sum of money by Tigranes.
55 BCDeath of Tigranes the Great. Artavasdes II continues to rule Armenia.
Reign of Artavasdes. (to 34 BC)

Centuries: 1st · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th · 6th · 7th · 8th · 9th · 10th · 11th · 12th · 13th · 14th · 15th · 16th · 17th · 18th · 19th · 20th

1st century

YearDateEvent
1End of the Artaxiad Dynasty in Armenia. Arsacid dynasty of Parthia (Iran) incorporates Armenia.
53Tiridates I reaffirms Armenian independence by founding the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia
58Roman general Corbulo invades Armenia with the assistance of the Iberians and Commagenians.
66Tiridates is crowned in Rome by Nero, after he and Corbulo came to an agreement.
72War against the Alans

3rd century

YearDateEvent
228Tiridates II repels Sassanid invasion.
287Beginning of the reign of Tiridates III.

4th century

YearDateEvent
301Armenia becomes the first official Christian state in the world, King Tiridates III proclaims Christianity as the official state religion of Armenia. Zoroastrianism starts to decline gradually.
330End of Tiridates III's reign.
387Division of Armenia into Western and Eastern parts per the Peace of Acisilene between the Sassanid Persians and Byzantines.
392Armenia regains its might by the coronation of King Vramshapuh in 392.

5th century

YearDateEvent
405Mesrop Mashtots invents the Armenian alphabet.
428End of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia. Marzpanate Armenia era as part of the Sassanid empire begins.
451The Battle of Avarayr, led by Vartan Mamikonian, secures the Christian religion in Armenia.

7th century

YearDateEvent
639The first Arab invasion under the leadership of Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah devastates the region of Taron.
642Arabs storm the city of Dvin killing 12,000 its inhabitants and taking 35,000 into slavery.
645Theodorus Rshtuni and other Armenian nakharars accepted Muslim rule over Armenia.
650Armenia becomes the main battleground of the Khazar–Arab Wars & Byzantine–Arab Wars which leaves the lands depopulated. (to 750)

8th century

790- The Principality of Hamamshen is established in the modern day area of eastern Rize Province, Turkey.

9th century

YearDateEvent
861Ashot I Bagratuni is recognized as prince of princes by the Baghdad court, followed by a war against local Muslim emirs. (to 862)
885Ashot wins and is thus recognized King of the Armenians by Baghdad in 885.
886Formal recognition of Armenian sovereignty by Constantinople.
891King Ashot I dies and is succeeded by his son Smbat I, in 892.

10th century

YearDateEvent
961King Ashot III (953–977) transfers the capital from Kars to Ani, which came to be considered the "City of a 1001 Churches" which rivaled other metropolises like Baghdad and Constantinople.

11th century

YearDateEvent
1016Seljuk Turks first appear in the region.
1045Armenia falls to Byzantine troops, and an exodus from the Armenian lands begins.
1064Byzantine Ani, once the capital of Bagratid Armenia, is conquered and destroyed by the Seljuk Turks.
1071After the Battle of Manzikert, Seljuk dominance is established over Anatolia and a large number of Turkish tribes migrate to the region.
1072The Seljuks sell Ani to the Shaddadid, a Kurdish tribe ruling a territory coinciding with modern-day Armenia.
1078Establishment of the Armenian Principality of Cilicia, led by the Rubenid Dynasty.
1095The First Crusade is launched by Pope Urban I.

12th century

YearDateEvent
1187Debut of Leon II's reign as prince.
1194After the decline of the Seljuk dominance in the region, Eastern Anatolia is ruled by a slew of Turkish emirates and tribes, such as the Ahlatshahs, Mengujekids, Saltukids and the Artuqids. (to 1241)
1198Leon II "the Magnificent" managed to secure his crown, becoming the first King of Armenian Cilicia.

13th century

YearDateEvent
1219Death of Leon II.
1241Mongol Invasion of Anatolia, much of the sedentary population of Armenia is slaughtered. (to 1244)
1256Turco-Mongol rule continues in Eastern Anatolia under the Ilkhanate rulers and their Turkish and Kurdish vassals. (to 1335)

14th century

YearDateEvent
1335The decline of Mongol power leads Armenia to be dominated once again by Anatolian Turkoman tribes such as the Chobanids. (to 1400)
1375Fall of the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia to the Mameluks of Egypt and their Ramadanid vassals.
1400Tamerlane's devastating invasion of Georgia, Armenia and Central Anatolia leads to the slaughter of large portions of the population of Armenia and the enslavement of over 60,000 people from Anatolia and the Caucasus.

15th century

YearDateEvent
1405After Tamerlane's death, Anatolia becomes a battleground between the rival tribal confederations of the Ak Koyunlu and the Kara Koyunlu.
1461Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople established by the then Ottoman Emperor, Mehmed II.
1478Armenian migration to Bruges, Belgium.

16th century

YearDateEvent
1502The Safavid Dynasty is established in Persia, that conquers Armenia.
1512Printing of first Armenian books.
1514The Ottoman-Persian Wars rage in the Armenian Highlands for the first time, the Ottomans temporarily gain Western Armenia.
1519Decree of King Sigismund I that Armenians in Poland by governed under code of laws by Mkhitar Gosh.
The first Jelali revolts; clashes between Sunnite Turks and Kurds and Shi'ite Qizilbash cause friction in Eastern Anatolia. (to 1528)
1520Large portions of Armenia are conquered by Selim I.
1532Ottoman-Safavid War (1532-1555) commences.
1555Peace of Amasya signed between the Ottomans and Safavids. Western Armenia falls in Ottoman hands, Eastern Armenia stays under Persian rule.
1567Establishment of Armenian printing press in Constantinople.
1598Continuation of the devastating Jelali revolts in Anatolia. (to 1611)

17th century

YearDateEvent
1603Shah Abbas of Persia invades Ottoman Armenia (to 1618) and reestablishes full control over Eastern Armenia and large parts of Western Armenia as part of his empire.
1605When forced to abandon the siege of Kars, Shah Abbas orders the complete destruction of many Armenian towns and villages and deports over 300,000 Armenians to Persia, of which only half survive.
1623The final Ottoman-Safavid War rages in both parts of historic Armenia.
1639Treaty of Zuhab signed between the Ottomans and Safavids. Western Armenia falls decisively under Ottoman rule. Safavids remain in possession of Eastern Armenia.
1648Major earthquake in Van.

18th century

YearDateEvent
1712Sayat Nova, renowned Armenian poet troubadour.
1722David Bek leads the national liberation movement in 1722, but passes away in 1728.
1747The Persians establish the Karabakh Khanate.
1759Arrival of Hovsep Emin in Armenia
1778Establishment of Nor Nakhichevan

19th century

YearDateEvent
180915 October Khachatur Abovian, renowned novelist, poet, and playwright, is born.
1810Zeitountsi revolts.
1811Mkhitarist order of Vienna founded.
1813Treaty of Gulistan. All of Eastern Armenia remains under Persian rule, except for the Armenians in Karabakh, which had already de facto become part of the Russian Empire.
1824Founding of Nersessian Academy in Tiflis
1826Nickolas Balian, architect in Constantinople (to 1858)
1827Occupation of Yerevan by Russian forces
1828Treaty of Turkmanchay. Eastern Armenia is forcefully ceded by Persia to Russia per the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828), strengthening Russian control of Transcaucasus.
1836The Russian government enacts the Polozhenie, a statute greatly restricting the power of the Armenian Church.[1]
1894–1896Hamidian Massacres; an estimated 80,000–300,000 are killed.

20th century

YearDateEvent
1909Adana Massacre: An estimated 15,000–30,000 are killed.
1915Armenian Genocide: An estimated 1,500,000 are killed. (to 1923)
19183 MarchThe Treaty of Brest-Litovsk gives Kars, Ardahan and Batum regions to the Ottoman Empire.
22 MayBattle of Sardarapat
28 MayThe Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians declares the first Republic of Armenia.
4 JuneTreaty of Batum
30 OctoberArmistice of Mudros, the Ottoman Empire agreeing to leave the Transcaucasus. The Democratic Republic of Armenia assumes control of Western Armenia, now that the Ottomans are forced to leave.
1920 2 December Soviet-aligned Armenian SSR established (distinct from and opponent of the first Republic of Armenia).
6 December Fall of the first Republic of Armenia, fully occupied by the Turkish National Movement and the Red Army (Soviet Union).[2]

Soviet rule

YearDateEvent
1923 30 December Establishment of the Soviet Union; Armenian SSR joins the Soviet Union.
7 July Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast is created granting Armenian autonomy for Nagorno-Karabakh within Azerbaijan SSR.
196524 April1965 Yerevan demonstrations
198820 FebruaryFirst Nagorno-Karabakh War commences.

Independence; last decade of the 20th century

YearDateEvent
199121 SeptemberArmenian independence referendum
17 OctoberFirst-ever Armenian presidential election, Levon Ter-Petrosyan elected President with overwhelming popular support.
19929 MayCapture of Shusha
199412 MayFirst Nagorno-Karabakh War formally ends
19955 JulyArmenian constitutional referendum
199927 OctoberArmenian parliament shooting

21st century

YearDateEvent
200125 JanuaryArmenia's accession to the Council of Europe
200412 AprilRobert Kocharyan's government dispersed massive, peaceful protest using excessive force[3]
200819 FebruaryArmenian presidential election, 2008
20126 MayArmenian parliamentary election, 2012
201318 FebruaryArmenian presidential election, 2013
20152 JanuaryArmenia's accession to the Eurasian Union
12 January2015 Gyumri massacre
20172 AprilArmenian parliamentary election, 2017
24 NovemberThe Armenia-EU Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement is ratified in Brussels
20182 MarchArmenian presidential election, 2018
8 May2018 Armenian Velvet Revolution
9 DecemberArmenian parliamentary election, 2018
202027 September2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War commences
202010 November 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War formally ends

See also

References

  1. Suny, Ronald Grigor; "Eastern Armenians under Tsarist Rule" in Armenian People, p. 115
  2. "armenicum". www.conflicts.rem33.com. Archived from the original on 2017-09-14. Retrieved 2018-05-26. Two days later, on December 4, Dro left Erevan for the lake Sevan area where he welcomed the Revkom and, in turn, gave up his power to the new Bolshevik administration. Two more days later, the first units of the red Army entered the Armenian capital. That was the end of the First republic, and independent Armenian statehood was interrupted for more than 70 years until August 1991. (Hovannisian, pp. 386-390)
  3. "Armenia Events of 2004". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 10 April 2013.

Further reading

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.