Uttar Pradesh Police

The Uttar Pradesh Police (UP Police), (IAST: Uttara Pradeśa Pulisa), is the primary law enforcement agency within the Uttar Pradesh state of India. Established in 1863 as the Office of the Inspector General of Police, United Provinces under the Police Act, 1861.,[8] the U.P Police is one of the oldest police departments in the Republic of India, and is the largest police force in the world.[9] The UP Police headquarters is at Signature Building, Gomti Nagar, Ardonamau in Lucknow.[10]

Uttar Pradesh Police
उत्तर प्रदेश पुलिस
Patch
Flag
Common nameUP Police
Motto"सुरक्षा आपकी, संकल्प हमारा" (Hindi)
"Your protection, our pledge"
Agency overview
Formed
  • 1863 (1863)
Annual budget₹26,395 crore (US$3.7 billion) (2020-21 est.) [1]
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdictionUttar Pradesh, IN
 
Size243,286 km2 (93,933.25 sq mi)
Population199,812,341 (est. 2011)
Governing bodyDepartment of Home (Uttar Pradesh)
Constituting instrument
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersSignature Building, Gomti Nagar, Ardonamau, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (226002)[2]
Gazetted Officers1,368 (406 IPS officers and 963 PPS officers)[3][4]
Non-Gazetted officers and Constables2,31,443[5]
Minister responsible
Agency executive
Facilities
Helicopters1[6]
Dogs78[7]
Website
uppolice.gov.in

The UP police employ around 1,368 gazetted officers, and 2,31,443 non gazetted uniformed officers. Uttar Pradesh police are governed by the Department of Home and Confidential of Uttar Pradesh.[8] The Uttar Pradesh Police is headed by the Director General of Police (DGP) for the state of Uttar Pradesh, who is the highest-ranking (DG) IPS officer of the state cadre. UP Police is the first Indian state police agency to have a highway patrol Unit, the UP Highway Police (UPHP).[11]

Signature Building - UP Police headquarter, Lucknow

History

The present police system was created following the recommendation of the Police Commission headed by H.M. Court in 1860 and was enacted as Police Act of 1861.[12] H.M. Court became the first inspector general of police of the then North West Province and Avadh which comprised the territory of the present state of Uttar Pradesh. Since then many amendments in the Police Act of 1861 have happened which has shaped the current institution and structure of police in the state.[12] The first Inspector General of Uttar Pradesh was H.M. Court.[12]

Organization and structure

A Director General of Police (DGP) heads the state police. He is assisted by many police officers. State police headquarters is situated in Lucknow.

For the purpose of maintaining law and order in the state, the state of Uttar Pradesh is divided into 8 police zones. Each zone is headed by an officer of the rank of additional director general of police who is an officer of the Indian police Service. Each police zone is constituted by 2 to 3 police ranges. There are a total of 18 police ranges in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Each range is headed by an officer of the rank of either inspector general of police or deputy inspector general of police which corresponds with the administrative division. Each police range is constituted by around 2 to 4 districts.

There are a total of 75 police districts in the state. In each district (except Lucknow (city) and Gautambuddha Nagar), the head of the police is the SP or SSP. In the discharge of his duties he is assisted by Superintendent of Police (SP), Deputy Superintendent of Police (Deputy SP) or Assistant Superintendent of Police who may either be the officers of the Provincial Police Service or Indian Police Service. The number of SPs and Deputy SPs varies with the size, population, police work, or nature of police work in different districts. The number of SPs and Dy.SPs in districts like Lucknow, Kanpur Nagar, Agra, Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Meerut, Allahabad is considerably more than other districts. Whereas in smaller districts like Baghpat, Kannauj, Mahoba, Chandauli the number of the PPS officers is relatively lesser.

Typically, a police district in the state corresponds with the administrative district. Though, the head of the police force in the district is the senior superintendent of police (SSP)/superintendent of police (SP), who is always an officer of the Indian Police Service, the ultimate/final responsibility with regard to the maintenance of the law and order in the district lies with the district magistrate who is an officer of the Indian Administrative Service. The police district is further subdivided into police sub-divisions or police circles. A police circle is usually headed by an officer of the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police or Assistant Superintendent of Police. The officer heading the police circle/sub-division is designated as the Circle Officer (C.O.) in the state of Uttar Pradesh. A police circle is usually constituted by 2 to 4 police stations. Each police station is headed by a police inspector. Throughout the state of Uttar Pradesh and other states, especially in North India, there is the main police station in the older/ main part of the city known as the Kotwali. The Kotwali covers the main or usually the older part of the town/city under its jurisdiction. Earlier, when the cities and towns were smaller and had a lesser population than at present and they hadn't grown in size so much, Kotwali covered the main town area of the cities or the districts. A police station is also called as a thana in the local language. The officer in charge of a police station is designated as or called as the station officer (S.O.) or station house officer (S.H.O). He is assisted by various sub-inspectors, head-constables, constables. There are also a number of police chowkis that come under the police station. A police chowki is under the charge of a sub-inspector of police. The regular constabulary carries the bulk of normal beat policing and patrolling.

The police commissioner system has been implemented in the cities of Lucknow City and Gautam Buddh Nagar. In the commissionerate system, the Commissioner of Police (CP) in the rank of Additional Director General of Police (ADG) heads the district. In Lucknow, the CP is assisted by 2 Joint Commissioners of Police (JCPs) in the rank of IG, and in Gautam Buddh Nagar, the commissioner is assisted by 2 Additional Commissioners (Addl. CPs) in the rank of DIG who look after Law and order while other looks into Crime & Headquarters. Under them, there is a team of IPS & PPS officers who are posted as DCPs and ACPs. Three DCPs are posted in a zone. One DCP's insignia is the state emblem above one star, who is senior to the other two DCPs, whose insignia is one state emblem only. Under the DCPs work ACPs, who are the chiefs of various circles. They are vested with the powers of the executive magistrate for criminal cases. Police Commissionerates are independent of zonal & range police chiefs supervision. They are also vested with powers of an executive magistrate under various acts.

Units / wings

The various units/wings of the UP police are:

  1. Training Directorate
  2. Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
  3. Special Enquiry Cell
  4. Anti Corruption Organization (ACO)
  5. Human Rights Cell (HRC)
  6. Anti-Terrorist Squad (ATS)
  7. Intelligence Department (ID)
  8. Economic Offences Wing (EOW)
  9. Crime Cell
  10. Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT)
  11. Technical Services
  12. Government Railway Police (GRP)
  13. Dial 112 Service
  14. Special Task Force (STF)
  15. Uttar Pradesh Fire Service
  16. Traffic Directorate
  17. Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC) (State paramilitary force)
  18. Special investigation team (SIT)
  19. Radio Headquarter of police
  20. Law and Order Cell
  21. Control Room (Works under the L&O cell, however, the officers in the L&O cell and control room are different till SP rank)
  22. Uttar Pradesh Homeguard
  23. State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)

List of Uttar Pradesh Police Chiefs
List of Directors General/ Inspectors General of Uttar Pradesh Police (post-independence)[13][14][15][16][17][18]
No. Name From To
Directors General of Police (DGP)[19][14][15][16]
48 Hitesh Chandra Awasthy 01 Feb 2020 Incumbent
47 Om Prakash Singh 1 Jan 2018 31 Jan 2020
46 Sulkhan Singh 22 Apr 2017 31 Dec 2017
45 S. Javeed Ahmad 1 Jan 2016 22 Apr 2017
44 Jagmohan Yadav 1 Jul 2015 31 Dec 2015
43 Arvind Kumar Jain 31 Jan 2015 30 Jun 2015
42 Arun Kumar Gupta 1 Jan 2015 31 Jan 2015
41 Anand Kumar Banerjee 28 Feb 2014 31 Dec 2014
40 Rizwan Ahmed 1 Jan 2014 28 Feb 2014
39 Deo Raj Nagar 12 Apr 2013 31 Dec 2013
38 A. C. Sharma 19 Mar 2012 12 Apr 2013
37 Atul 8 Jan 2012 19 Mar 2012
36 Brij Lal 30 Sep 2011 8 Jan 2012
35 R. K. Tiwari 31 Aug 2011 30 Sep 2011
34 Karamvir Singh 23 Sep 2009 31 Aug 2011
33 Vikram Singh 23 Jun 2007 23 Sep 2009
32 G. L. Sharma 15 Mar 2007 23 Jun 2007
31 Bua Singh 3 Apr 2006 14 Mar 2007
30 Yashpal Singh 11 Jan 2005 03 Apr 2006
29 V. K. B. Nair 28 Jun 2003 11 Jan 2005
28 Hakam Singh 20 Mar 2003 28 Jun 2003
27 R. M. Shukla 20 Jul 2002 20 Mar 2003
26 R. K. Pandit 31 Jul 2001 20 Jul 2002
25 M. C. Dwivedi 31 Jul 2000 31 Jul 2001
24 Shri Ram Arun 23 Dec 1999 31 Jul 2000
23 K. L. Gupta 2 Apr 1998 23 Dec 1999
22 Shri Ram Arun 3 May 1997 2 Apr 1998
21 Haridas 24 Nov 1996 3 May 1997
20 S. N. P. Sinha 4 Jul 1996 24 Nov 1996
19 V. S. Mathur 31 Mar 1996 4 Jul 1996
18 Girish Bihari 12 Aug 1995 31 Mar 1996
17 V. S. Mathur 30 Sep 1994 12 Aug 1995
16 V.P. Kapoor 8 Jun 1993 30 Sep 1994
15 Prakash Singh 23 Dec 1992 8 Jun 1993
14 S.V.M. Tripathi 30 Sep 1992 23 Dec 1992
13 Prakash Singh 22 Jul 1991 30 Sep 1992
12 V. K. Jain 31 Dec 1990 22 Jul 1991
11 R. P. Mathur 30 Dec 1989 31 Dec 1990
10 R. P. Joshi 31 Jul 1989 30 Dec 1989
9 Harimohan 31 Dec 1988 31 Jul 1989
8 R. N. Gupta 8 Jun 1987 31 Dec 1988
7 D. S. Bhatnagar 31 Mar 1987 8 Jun 1987
6 P. C. Kakkar 1 Jan 1987 31 Mar 1987
5 D. K. Agarwal 17 Sep 1985 31 Dec 1986
4 J. N. Chaturvedi 1 Apr 1984 17 Sep 1985
3 S. C. Dixit 25 Jul 1982 31 Mar 1984
2 Naresh Kumar 5 Mar 1982 24 Jul 1982
1 Mahendra Singh 24 Feb 1981 4 March 1982
Inspector Generals of Police[16][17][18]
14 Naresh Kumar 24 Feb 1981 4 Mar 1982
13 Mahendra Singh 12 Mar 1980 23 Feb 1981
12 Lal Singh Verma 5 Jul 1977 11 Mar 1980
11 Sarvan Tandon 27 Mar 1976 4 Jul 1977
10 Govind Chandra 16 May 1975 26 Mar 1976
09 H. K. Kherr 1 Dec 1973 15 May 1975
08 A. K. Dass 5 Nov 1971 30 Nov 1973
07 Islam Ahmad 18 May 1971 4 Nov 1971
06 N. S. Saxena 20 Feb 1970 17 May 1971
05 Jiyaram 10 Apr 1967 19 Feb 1970
04 Shanti Prasad 17 Feb 1961 9 Apr 1967
03 M. S. Mathur 1 Apr 1954 16 Feb 1961
02 T. P. Bhalla 13 Jan 1953 31 Mar 1954
01 B. N. Lahari 27 Oct 1947 12 Jan 1953
List of Inspector Generals of Uttar Pradesh Police before Independence[18]
No. Name From To
11 SG Pearce 1 December 1946 26 October 1947
10 P Meabsure 28 June 1945 30 November 1946
10 MA Inglis 6 July 1940 26 June 1945
9 RA Horton 7 November 1937 5 July 1940
8 AH Phillips 15 March 1937 6 November 1937
7 RA Horton 16 June 1935 18 February 1937
5 ST Holling 7 April 1934 15 June 1935
6 HR Roe 5 November 1933 6 April 1934
5 ST Holling 27 April 1931 4 November 1933
RJS Dodd 5 November 1928 25 March 1931
4 AH Williamson 3 May 1928 4 November 1928
3 RJS Dodd 7 November 1925 2 May 1928
2 AD Ashdown 1 October 1923 6 November 1925
1 LM Kaye 23 February 1919 30 September 1923

Zones, ranges and districts
  • Police Zones in Uttar Pradesh
  • Police Range headquarters in Uttar Pradesh
List of the police zones, ranges and districts falling under them
# Zone Headed by # Ranges Headed by # Districts Headed by
1 Lucknow zone ADGP Zone 1 Lucknow IG Range 1 Lucknow Rural SP
2 Unnao SP
3 Sitapur SP
4 Hardoi SP
5 Rae Bareli SP
6 Kheri SP
2 Faizabad(officially Ayodhya) DIG Range 1 Faizabad SSP
2 Barabanki SP
3 Sultanpur SP
4 Ambedkar Nagar SP
5 Amethi SP
2 Bareilly zone ADGP zone 1 Bareilly IG Range 1 Bareilly SSP
2 Shahjahanpur SP
3 Pilibhit SP
4 Badayun SSP
2 Moradabad DIG Range 1 Moradabad SSP
2 Jyotiba Phule Nagar SP
3 Rampur SP
4 Bijnor SP
5 Sambhal SP
3 Meerut zone ADGP zone 1 Meerut IG Range 1 Meerut SSP
2 Baghpat SP
3 Ghaziabad SSP
4 Bulandshahr SSP
5 Hapur SP
2 Saharanpur DIG Range 1 Saharanpur SSP
2 Muzaffarnagar SSP
3 Shamli SP
4 Agra zone ADGP zone 1 Agra IG Range 1 Agra SSP
2 Mathura SSP
3 Firozabad SP
4 Mainpuri SP
2 Aligarh DIG Range 1 Aligarh SSP
2 Hathras SP
3 Etah SSP
4 Kanshi Ram Nagar (Kasganj) SP
5 Kanpur zone ADGP zone 1 Kanpur IG Range 1 Kanpur Nagar SSP
2 Kanpur Dehat SP
3 Auraiya SP
4 Kannauj SP
5 Farrukhabad SP
6 Etawah SSP
2 Jhansi IG Range 1 Jhansi SSP
2 Jalaun (Orai) SP
3 Lalitpur SP
6 Prayagraj zone ADGP zone 1 Prayagraj IG Range 1 Prayagraj SSP
2 Kaushambi SP
3 Pratapgarh SP
4 Fatehpur SP
2 Chitrakoot (Banda) DIG Range 1 Chitrakoot SP
2 Hamirpur SP
3 Banda SP
4 Mahoba SP
7 Varanasi zone ADGP zone 1 Varanasi IG Range 1 Varanasi SSP
2 Chandauli SP
3 Jaunpur SP
4 Ghazipur SP
2 Mirzapur DIG Range 1 Mirzapur SP
2 Bhadohi SP
3 Sonbhadra SP
3 Azamgarh DIG Range 1 Azamgarh SP
2 Mau SP
3 Ballia SP
8 Gorakhpur zone ADGP zone 1 Gorakhpur IG Range 1 Gorakhpur SSP
2 Maharajganj SP
3 Kushinagar SP
4 Deoria SP
2

Basti

 DIG Range 1 Basti SP
2 Sant Kabir Nagar SP
3 Siddharth Nagar SP
3 Devipatan (Gonda) DIG Range 1 Gonda SP
2 Balrampur SP
3 Shravasti SP
4 Bahraich SP
Total zones 8 Total ranges 18 Total districts 74

Technology

Facial recognition system

UP police uses a database of 500,000+ criminals with facial recognition technology in its "Trinetra" face identification system.[20][21]

Social media research center

A social media command and research center has been established in Meerut. The center monitors trends in social media that can have an impact on law & order situation and advise concerned district and range police chiefs.[22]

Corruption and misconduct

The Uttar Pradesh Police has an extensive history of police brutality,[23][24] misconduct, and corruption,[25] as well as discrimination on the basis of caste[26] and religion.[27][24][28]

In 2011, senior UP police officer who exposed corruption was termed “mentally ill” and forcibly taken to a hospital by the UP police.[29][30]

In 2017, eight donkeys were detained for 4 days for eating expensive($1,000) plants.[31]

In 2017, a UP policeman was caught destroying Indian railways property in a bid to stop a moving train to catch a fleeing prisoner.[32] After the Cop jumped off the moving train, he was thrashed by Railway police for jumping off a moving train and vandalism of Indian railway property and the prisoner escaped.[33]

In 2020, an officer who highlighted corruption in the police department was probed for ‘leaking secret documents’ to the media.[34]

In 2020, SHO Mani Shankar Tewari of Kheron police station in Raebareli district was caught giving lessons in corruption to his subordinates. Tewari was heard saying "You can commit crimes...I will manage as long as I am here" and "We can get Rs.10-15 thousand if we catch those involved in illegal mining....but if you apprehend a woman involved in selling illicit liquor we will get only Rs. one or two thousand so why take so much trouble".[35]

In 2020, Uttar Pradesh government started an operation to screen corrupt police officials who will be forced to take retirement.[36]

In the 2020 Hathras gang rape and murder UP Police forcibly cremated the body of the victim girl without the consent of her family.[37] Chandpa SHO DK Verma was transferred for his "failure to promptly act" in the case.[38]

Corruption in hiring

In 2007, 18,000 police officers were fired as they were hired despite being unqualified for the job.[39] These new recruits were illiterates who bribed between ₹100,000 and ₹500,000 to cheat in the UP police entrance tests.[39]

Rapes and crime against women
  • In 2008, a UP police officer was arrested for raping the wife of his subordinate officer.[40]
  • In 2011, UP police constable Ateeq Ahmed[41] was sentenced to life imprisonment after he raped and killed a 14-year-old child.[42]
  • On 16 August 2020, UP Police officers asked an underage girl to dance before filing an FIR.[43]
  • On 21 August 2019, UP police officers allegedly gang-raped a 21-year-old woman in Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh.[44]
  • In 2020, a male police officer was caught masturbating in front of a woman complainant inside a police station.[45]
  • In January 2021, a female constable was allegedly raped by her colleague male policeman in Gonda district.[46][47]

Police brutality
  • In April 2018, the father of the minor girl from Unnao in Uttar Pradesh who was raped by a BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar, was killed by the police in judicial custody.[48][49]
  • In 2018, SHO Sunil Verma killed 48-year-old man Ramji Mishra at Gopiganj Police Station.[50][51] Verma allegedly used third degree torture on Ramji.[52]
  • In 2019, a journalist was illegally locked-up, stripped and forced to drink urine by the UP police in Shamli.[53]
  • In October 2019, UP cops were accused of torturing a 35-year-old man to death in front of his 11-year-old son while in custody.[54][55] 3 cops, including the SHO of Pilkhuwa town were suspended for allegedly torturing the man.[56] The son told a newspaper, “My father kept begging them not to beat him and asked them what he had done wrong but they kept hitting him,” “They were drunk. He fell at their feet and asked them to leave him but they tortured him so much that he defecated and urinated. Even when he was taken to the local hospital, he was not given any treatment. He was just locked in a room”.[56]
  • On 3 May 2020, UP police forced a man to dance after he was allegedly caught violating the lock-down guidelines during the Covid-19 pandemic.[57]
  • On 29 July 2020, a UP police station house officer brutally kicked an innocent man into a river.[58]
  • In August 2020, UP cops assaulted a lawyer for questioning detention of minor boy.[59]
  • In August 2020, UP cops were video-taped brutally beating Samajwadi Party worker students demanding postponement of NEET, JEE exams during the covid-19 pandemic.[60][61]

Fake encounters
  • India Today exposed that UP police frame innocent people and kill them in staged encounters for money and promotions.[62] A sub-inspector of the offered to gun down an innocent civilian for around Rs 8 lakh.[63]
  • Between 2015-2018, 211 complaints of fake encounters were filed in India out of which 39 were on UP police.[64]
  • In 2012, 17 UP police personnel were given life term for killing an incontinent 24-year-old man in a 1992 fake encounter and later they branded the victim as a terrorist.[65]
  • On July 10, 2020, UP police killed gangster-turned-politician Vikas Dubey.[66][67] UP police denies that the incident was a fake encounter.[68][69]

Drunk on duty

In 2017, 3 cops caught were caught drinking beer on duty in Etawah.[70]

Firearms

Most of the weapons in service with the Uttar Pradesh Police are locally produced by the Indian ordnance factories controlled by the Ordnance Factories Board, the police also induct various weapons imported by the Ministry of Home Affairs as part of modernization plans.

HK MP5 noBG
AMOGH - Carbine

As per the 2017 audit by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Uttar Pradesh Police has a shortage of 45,047 handguns and an excess of 56,298 rifles.[71][72][73]

48%, 58,853, of the 1.22 lakh (122,000) rifles available to the state police are of point-303 bore category, which was rendered obsolete by the Ministry of Home Affairs in 1995.[71][72][73]

GLOCK 17 Gen 4 Pistol MOD 45160305
AK-47

Weapons of the UP Police also include:

See also

References
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