WES Commuter Rail

Wilsonville Station under construction

Construction began October 23, 2006, in Wilsonville, and a ceremonial "ground-breaking" was held two days later in Tigard,[9] although the project had already started and no dirt was moved.

During planning and construction, the project was called the Washington County Commuter Rail,[10] or alternately the Wilsonville to Beaverton Commuter Rail[11][12] since much of Wilsonville is in Clackamas County. TriMet held a naming contest to choose a name for the new line, and in November 2007 it announced WES (Westside Express Service) as the winner.[13] By December of that year, construction on the rail line was 75 percent complete and included five new bridges and two rehabilitated bridges, and improvements to 14 miles (23 km) of track and 14 road crossings. A distinctive feature of the line is the gauntlet track sections installed at the three intermediate stations (Hall-Nimbus, Tigard and Tualatin).[14] The feature allows freight trains to swing clear of the high-level platforms at the stops, so that wider cars do not strike them.[15]

In June 2008, the line was more than 90 percent complete, with all the track in place.[1] The four Colorado Railcar Diesel multiple unit (DMU) cars ordered for the line then arrived;[1] a total of three powered DMU cars and one non-powered "trailer car" were tested on the route. A ceremonial inaugural run for dignitaries and journalists took place on January 22, and public preview rides on January 30, ahead of a February 2, 2009, public opening.[16]

Originally scheduled to open in September 2008, opening was delayed several times and eventually to February 2009 due to technical and other difficulties,[17] most notably the failure of Colorado Railcar (CR).[18] TriMet lost $3 million from the delays and from its financial support of CR, which included paying CR's suppliers and providing "rail engineering expertise and on-site technical assistance."[17] They provided bailout funds to CR, paying rent, phone, and power bills, and ultimately taking control of the failing company long enough to take delivery of its vehicles.[19]

The self-propelled rail cars on the 14.7-mile (23.7 km) line serve stations in Wilsonville, Tualatin, Tigard, and at two locations in Beaverton. At the Beaverton Transit Center, the northern terminus of the line, commuters using WES are able to transfer between the WES cars and either of two light-rail lines: the MAX Blue Line, serving the Hillsboro–Gresham corridor via downtown Portland, and the MAX Red Line, connecting to Portland International Airport via downtown Portland. The Beaverton Transit Center station also offers connections to 11 TriMet bus lines.[23] Hall/Nimbus Station, the second stop in Beaverton, is served by local TriMet bus lines 76 and 78 and has about 50 park-and-ride spaces.[22] The station is within walking distance of Washington Square Mall and Nimbus Business Park.[22] The Beaverton Transit Center station has no park-and-ride facility.

Tigard Transit Center Station was an existing TriMet transit center and is served by seven TriMet bus lines. Located in downtown Tigard, the station has about 100 park-and-ride spaces.[22] Tualatin Station is in downtown Tualatin, on Boones Ferry Road near the intersection with Tualatin-Sherwood Road. The Tualatin station is served by TriMet bus lines 76 and 97 and includes 130 park-and-ride spaces, plus another 24 spaces in a nearby lot connected to the station by line 76.[24]

The Wilsonville Transit Center, at the southern end of the line, provides about 400 park-and-ride spaces.[23] Wilsonville's South Metro Area Regional Transit (SMART) opened a new transit center, known as "SMART Central", at the station in January 2009.[25] Wilsonville Station is connected via buses to residential and employment zones in the city.[23] Wilsonville and Salem-Keizer Transit (Cherriots) currently provide express bus service between the two cities, linking to the rail line.[1] The city of Canby to the southeast also links to WES through SMART's service.[26] Other neighboring communities are also expected to use the Wilsonville stop, including Lake Oswego, Donald, Woodburn, and Aurora.[27][28]

Station[29]	Image	Location	Opened	Connections and notes
Beaverton Transit Center		Beaverton	2009	MAX Light Rail: Blue and Red lines TriMet: 20, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, 61, 76, 78, 88 Secure bike parking
Hall/Nimbus			2009	TriMet: 76, 78 50 park and ride spaces; secure bike parking
Tigard Transit Center		Tigard	2009	TriMet: 12, 45, 64, 76, 78, 93; YCTA 103 park and ride spaces; secure bike parking
Tualatin		Tualatin	2009	TriMet: 76, 97; Tualatin Shuttle 129 park and ride spaces; secure bike parking
Wilsonville Transit Center		Wilsonville	2009	SMART, Cherriots 399 park and ride spaces; secure bike parking

Maintenance building

TriMet's fleet of commuter-rail cars consists of three powered cars and one "control trailer", a type of car which isn't powered but has an operating cab at one end and can control the powered car to which it is coupled. The trailer can be pulled or pushed. The self-propelled diesel cars do not require a locomotive or overhead electrical wires.[23] Each of the three powered rail cars seats 74 passengers, while the control trailer seats 80. The cars are numbered 1001–1003 (powered) and 2001 (trailer) in TriMet's fleet of vehicles. Originally priced at $4 million each prior to cost overruns, the cars are equipped with places for two mobility devices and two hanging bicycle racks, and have enough space for 139 standing passengers.[30] In a two-car train, passengers can pass between the two connected cars.[31] Interiors of both car types contain high-back seats with blue upholstery.[32]

Interior of a WES train

Trains on WES were designed to travel at an average speed of 37 miles per hour (60 km/h) with a top speed of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h).[21] Each self-propelled car has two Detroit Diesel Series 60 12.7L engines, each of which is rated at 600 horsepower.[22] TriMet was required to purchase U.S.-manufactured trains due to federal funding of the commuter line, and purchased from Colorado Railcar, the sole U.S. maker of DMUs that comply with Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) rules.[33] The WES cars and the 35 freight locomotives sharing the track with WES include cab signals as part of a system designed to prevent train-to-train collisions. Positive train control is being installed along the line.[34] Cars on the line are serviced and maintained by TriMet at the maintenance facility at the southern end of the line in Wilsonville.[30] Adjacent to Wilsonville Station, the blue metal structure employs six mechanics.[30] The adjacent rail yard is used to store all WES trains when not in service.[35]

One piece of equipment replaced only a month after WES began operations is its train horn.[36] The FRA requires all trains operating on heavy rail lines to sound their horns for at least 15 seconds at a minimum level of 96 decibels (from 100 feet) as they approach crossings. For the rush hour-only schedule used when WES began operation, that meant over a thousand blasts a week along its route, starting as early as 5:30 am.[36] Complaints about the noise caused TriMet to replace the original 102-decibel (from 100 feet) Leslie rs3k horns for a fleet-wide cost of $5,000.[36] The new 96-decibel (from 100 feet) k3la horns, which met the minimum requirements, still led to complaints. TriMet asked the FRA for a waiver, proposing that they install yet another horn — similar to that used on MAX Light Rail — that would sound at 80 decibels and be accompanied by bells that would ring at 60 decibels continuously as the train neared a crossing.[36] However, the FRA turned down this request, citing safety concerns.[37]

A WES train parked next to the maintenance building. Each of WES's Colorado Railcar-built cars has one streamlined end (on the right in this view) and one non-streamlined end.

TriMet's RDC train 1702+1711 on Lombard Avenue in Beaverton in 2017

Equipment failures and periodic maintenance on the agency's Colorado Railcar DMUs resulted in TriMet substituting buses for some runs on several occasions since the service began. To provide backup equipment for the line, TriMet purchased two Budd Rail Diesel Cars (RDCs) from the Alaska Railroad in 2009.[38] The cars were originally built in 1953, and had been taken out of service in 2008. TriMet refurbished the cars, and planned to operate them as a backup for the Colorado Railcar units when they are out of service. They entered service on January 24, 2011.[39][40]

In 2014, TriMet considered purchasing one two-car Nippon Sharyo DMU trainset to supplement the WES fleet, as an option under an existing contract between that manufacturer and Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit,[41] but could not reach an agreement with the manufacturer on the price.[42] US Railcar, Colorado Railcar's successor, offered to sell TriMet two cars at $5 million each.[42] TriMet opted instead to purchase two more used Budd RDCs, for a total of not more than $1.5 million, in 2017 from Allearth Rail of Vermont,[43] which had last been operated by Dallas Area Rapid Transit's Trinity Railway Express (TRE) commuter rail service.[42] TriMet had unsuccessfully bid to purchase the same two cars in 2016, when they were auctioned by DART, but subsequently negotiated to purchase them from the winning bidder and new owner, Allearth Rail.[43][44] The two cars, ex-TRE 2007 and 2011, arrived at the WES maintenance facility in August 2017.[43] They were originally expected to enter service on the WES line in fall 2018, after the completion of a few modifications,[43] but this was subsequently delayed to sometime in 2021.[45]

According to TriMet, WES Commuter Rail has a cost of $16.32 for each rider; compared to $4.21 for a bus rider or $3.23 for a MAX light rail rider.[20]