Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
Listed here are the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups found in various ethnic groups and populations from North Africa and Sahel (Tuaregs).
By population
| Population | n | A/B | E(xE1b1b) | E-M215 | F-M89 | K-M9 | G | I | J1 | J2 | R1a | R1b | Other | Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria | 156 | 0 | 5.7% | 52.5% | 3.8% | 0.6% | 0 | 0.1% | 21.7% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 9.6% | 4.9% | Bekada et al. (2013)[1] |
| Algeria/Oran | 102 | 0 | 7.9% | 51% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22.5% | 4.9% | 1% | 11.8% | 1% | Robino et al. (2008)[2] |
| Algeria/Algiers | 35 | 0 | 2.9% | 54.3% | 11.8% | 2.9% | 0 | 0 | 22.9% | 5.7% | 0 | 0 | 0 | Arredi et al. (2004)[3] |
| Algeria/Kabyles/Tizi Ouzou | 16 | 0 | 0 | 47.36 % | 10.52 % | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.78 % | 0 | 0 | 15.78 % | 0 | Arredi et al. (2004) |
| Algeria/Mozabites | 67 | 0 | 4.5% | 89.6% | 0 | 0 | 1.5% | 0 | 1.5% | 0 | 0 | 3% | 0 | Dugoujon et al. (2009)[4] |
| Algeria/Chaoui | 218 | 0 | 4.6% | 84.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0 | 0.5% | 4.6% | 0.9% | 2.3% | 0 | 1.7% | Abdeli and Benhassine (2019)[5] |
| Tunisia | 601 | 0.1% | 1.1% | 71.7% | 2.6% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 16.6% | 1.3% | 0.5% | 2.1% | 3.7% | Bekada et al. (2013)[1] |
| Tunisia/Sousse | 220 | 0.5% | 2.3% | 54.6% | 0 | 0 | 0.5% | 0 | 25.9% | 8.2% | 0.5% | 0.9% | 6.8% | Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2015)[6] |
| Tunisia (immigrants to Italy) | 52 | 0 | 0 | 57.7% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 0 | 0 | 34.6% | 3.8% | 0 | 0 | 0 | Onofri et al. (2008) |
| Tunisia/Bou Omrane Imazighen | 40 | 0 | 5% | 92.5% | 2.5% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Ennafaa et al. (2011)[7] |
| Tunisia/Bou Saad Imazighen | 40 | 0 | 0 | 92.5% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.5% | Ennafaa et al. (2011) |
| Tunisia/Jerbian Arabs | 46 | 2.2% | 0 | 80.4% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.7% | 2.2% | 4.3% | 2.2% | 0 | Ennafaa et al. (2011) |
| Tunisia/Jerbian Imazighen | 47 | 0 | 0 | 93.6% | 4.25% | 2.1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Ennafaa et al. (2011) |
| Tunisia/Chenini–Douiret Imazighen | 27 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011)[8] |
| Tunisia/Sened Imazighen | 35 | 0 | 0 | 65.7% | 2.9% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31.4% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011) |
| Tunisia/Jradou Imazighen | 32 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011) |
| Tunisia/Andalusian Zaghouan | 32 | 0 | 0 | 43.7% | 9.4% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43.8% | 3.1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011) |
| Tunisia/Tunis | 33 | 0 | 0 | 66.5% | 6.0% | 0 | 3.0% | 0 | 24.2% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011) |
| Tunisia/Tunis | 148 | 0 | 2% | 49.3% | 4.7% | 0.7% | 0 | 0 | 32.4% | 3.4% | 0.7% | 6.1% | 0.7% | Arredi et al. (2004) |
| Morocco | 760 | 0.9% | 6% | 79% | 0.2% | 0 | 0.6% | 0.1% | 6.3% | 1.3% | 0 | 4.4% | 0 | Bekada et al. (2013)[1] |
| Morocco | 221 | 0 | 6.4% | 75.9% | 0.9% | 1.8% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 5% | 4.1% | 0 | 4.1% | 0 | Fregel et al. (2009) |
| Morocco/Arabs | 49 | 0 | 0% | 75.5% | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0% | 10.2% | 10.2% | 0 | 0 | 0 | Semino et al. (2004) |
| Morocco/Arabs | 44 | 0 | 0% | 63.7 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0% | 13.6% | 2.3% | 0 | 0 | 0 | Semino et al. (2004) |
| Morocco/Imazighen | 64 | 0 | 6.3% | 79.6% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.1% | Semino et al. (2004) |
| Morocco/North-Central Imazighen | 55 | 0 | 12.7% | 65.1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.7% | Semino et al. (2004) |
| Morocco/South Imazighen | 35 | 0 | 2.5% | 85% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.5% | Semino et al. (2004) |
| Morocco | 51 | 3.9% | 5.9% | 54.9% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.6% | 0 | 0 | 3.9% | 0 | Onofri et al. 2008[9] |
| Morocco | 176 | 0 | 6.3% | 66.7% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.6% | 0 | 0 | 2.8% | 0 | Bosch et al. 2001[10] |
| Morocco/Central | 87 | 0 | 9.8% | 62.2% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.5% | 8.5% | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2013)[11] |
| Morocco/Amizmiz Valley | 33 | 3% | 6.1% | 90.8% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Alvarez et al. (2009) |
| Morocco/Asni Imazighen | 54 | 0 | 9.3% | 85.2% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.9% | 0 | 0 | 1.9% | 1.9% | Dugoujon et al. (2009) |
| Morocco/Middle Atlas Imazighen | 69 | 2.9% | 5.7% | 81.1% | 0 | 0 | 4.3% | 0 | 5.8% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Dugoujon et al. (2009) |
| Morocco/Bouhria Imazighen | 67 | 0 | 7.5% | 79.1% | 0 | 0 | 6.0% | 0 | 1.5% | 1.5% | 4.5% | 0 | 0 | Dugoujon et al. (2009) |
| Sahrawi | 89 | 0 | 20.2% | 59.6% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.2% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fregel et al. (2009) |
| Libya | 215 | 0 | 9.5% | 48.5% | 0 | 0 | 4.2% | 0 | 30.5% | 3.4% | 0.4% | 0 | 3.4% | Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2013) |
| Libya | 175 | 0.60% | 0.6% | 44.5% | 4.6% | 0.6% | 1.1% | 2.0% | 27.4% | 6.9% | 1.7% | 5.1% | 4.9% | Triki-Fendri et al. (2015)[12] |
| Libya | 83 | 1.3% | 38.55% | 53% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Bekada et al. (2013)[1] |
| Egypt | 360 | 1.3 | 2.9% | 43.7% | 1% | 0.2% | 5.6% | 0.5% | 20.8% | 6.7% | 2.1% | 5.9% | 10% | Bekada et al. (2013)[1] |
| Egypt | 147 | 2.7% | 2.7% | 36.1% | 0 | 7.5% | 9.5% | 0 | 19.7% | 12.2% | 3.4% | 4.1% | 2.1% | Luis et al. (2004)[13] |
| Egypt/Western Desert | 35 | 0 | 5.7% | 62.9% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31.4% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Kujanová et al. (2009)[14] |
| Egypt/Siwa Imazighen | 93 | 28.0% | 6.5% | 12.0% | 0 | 0 | 3.2% | 0 | 7.5% | 6.5% | 0 | 28.0% | 8.3% | Dugoujon et al. (2009) |
| Egypt(North) | 44 | 2.3% | 0 | 52.3% | 6.8% | 2.3% | 0 | 0 | 9.1% | 9.1% | 2.3% | 9.9% | 6.8% | Arredi et al. (2004) |
| Egypt(South) | 29 | 0.0% | 0 | 31% | 17.2% | 10.3% | 0 | 3.4% | 20.7% | 3.4% | 0 | 13.8% | 0 | Arredi et al. (2004) |
| Canary Islands | 652 | 0 | 1.4% | 14.1% | 0 | 0 | 4% | 9.7% | 3.5% | 10.4% | 2.8% | 50.6% | 0 | Fregel et al. (2009)[15] |
| Tuaregs from Libya | 47 | 0 | 42.5% | 48.9% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.4% | 2.1% | Ottoni et al. (2011)[16] |
| Tuaregs from Mali | 11 | 0 | 9.1% | 90.9% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pereira et al. (2011)[17] |
| Tuaregs from Burkina Faso | 18 | 0 | 16.7% | 77.8% | 0 | 5.6% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pereira et al. (2011) |
| Tuaregs from Niger | 18 | 5.6% | 44.4% | 16.7% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33.3% | 0 | Pereira et al. (2011) |
| Sahara-Mauritania | 189 | 0.5% | 12.7% | 66.6% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.2% | 0 | 0 | 7.4 | 0.1% | Bekada et al. (2013)[1] |
By samples from country
Samples over-represent the smaller populations which are usually the subject of genetic studies [18]
| Country[1] | n | A | B | E-M33 | E-M2 | E-M35* | E-M78* | E-V12 | E-V32 | E-V13 | E-V22 | E-V65 | E-M81 | E-M34 | F | G | I | J1 | J2 | K | L | O | P,R | Q | R1a | R1b-V88 | R1b-M269 | R2 | T |
| Mauritania/Western Sahara | 189 | - | 0.53 | 5.29 | 6.88 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 55.56 | 11.11 | - | - | - | 13.23 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.88 | 0.53 | - | - |
| Morocco | 760 | 0.26 | 0.66 | 2.76 | 3.29 | 4.21 | 0.79 | 0.26 | - | 0.26 | 1.84 | 3.68 | 67.37 | 0.66 | 0.26 | 0.66 | 0.13 | 6.32 | 1.32 | 0.53 | - | - | 0.26 | - | - | 0.92 | 3.55 | - | - |
| Algeria | 156 | - | - | 0.64 | 5.13 | 0.64 | 1.92 | 0.64 | - | 0.64 | 1.28 | 1.92 | 44.23 | 1.28 | 3.85 | - | - | 21.79 | 4.49 | 0.64 | - | - | - | 0.64 | 0.64 | 2.56 | 7.04 | - | - |
| Tunisia | 601 | - | 0.17 | 0.5 | 0.67 | 1.66 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3.16 | 62.73 | 1.16 | 2.66 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 16.64 | 2.83 | 0.33 | - | - | 0.33 | - | 0.5 | 1.83 | 0.33 | - | 1.16 |
| Libya | 83 | - | - | - | 38.55 | - | - | - | - | 2.41 | - | 4.82 | 45.78 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.41 | - | - | 6.02 | - | - | - |
| Egypt | 370 | 1.35 | - | 0.54 | 2.43 | 3.24 | 0.81 | 7.03 | 1.62 | 0.81 | 9.19 | 2.43 | 11.89 | 6.76 | 1.08 | 5.68 | 0.54 | 20.81 | 6.75 | 0.27 | 0.81 | 0.27 | 0.54 | 0.27 | 2.16 | 2.97 | 2.97 | 0.54 | 6.22 |
Geographic components for Y-DNA lineages
| Component[19] | Morocco (n=760) | Algeria (n=156) | Tunisia (n=601) | Mauritania/Western Sahara (189) | Egypt (370) |
| North Africa | 79% | 62.5% | 71.7% | 66.6% | 43.7% |
| Middle East | 7.6% | 26.2% | 19.4% | 13.2% | 27.5% |
| Europe | 4.4% | 9.5% | 2.1% | 7.4% | 5.9% |
| West Africa | 6% | 5.7% | 1.1% | 12.1% | 2.9% |
| East Africa | 0.9% | 0% | 0.1% | 0.5% | 1.3% |
See also
- Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups by group
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas
Notes
References
- Bekada, A; Fregel, R; Cabrera, VM; Larruga, JM; Pestano, J; et al. (2013). "Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape". PLOS One. 8 (2): e56775. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...856775B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775. PMC 3576335. PMID 23431392.
- Robino C, Crobu F, Di Gaetano C, et al. (May 2008). "Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algerian population sample". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 122 (3): 251–5. doi:10.1007/s00414-007-0203-5. PMID 17909833.
- Arredi B, Poloni ES, Paracchini S, et al. (August 2004). "A predominantly neolithic origin for Y-chromosomal DNA variation in North Africa". American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (2): 338–45. doi:10.1086/423147. PMC 1216069. PMID 15202071.
- Dugoujon J.M., Coudray C., Torroni A., Cruciani F., Scozzari F., Moral P., Louali N., Kossmann M. The Berber and the Berbers: Genetic and linguistic diversities. In: Become Eloquent. Edited by J.M. Hombert and F. d’Errico. Ed. John Benjamins. pp 123-146; 2009
- Abdeli, Amine; Benhassine, Traki (March 2019). "Paternal lineage of the Berbers from Aurès in Algeria: estimate of their genetic variation". Annals of Human Biology. 46 (2): 160–168. doi:10.1080/03014460.2019.1602166. ISSN 1464-5033. PMID 30939942.
- Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. 2015, Sousse: extreme genetic heterogeneity in North Africa, Journal of Human Genetics (2015) 60, 41–49; doi:10.1038/jhg.2014.99; published online 4 December 2014
- Ennafaa; Fregel; Khodjet-el-khil; Gonzalez (2011), "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome microstructure in Tunisia", Journal of Human Genetics, 56 (10): 734–41, doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.92, PMID 21833004
- Fadhlaoui-Zid, K., Martinez-Cruz, B., Khodjet-el-khil, H., Mendizabal, I., Benammar-Elgaaied, A. and Comas, D. (2011), Genetic structure of Tunisian ethnic groups revealed by paternal lineages. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21581
- Onofri et al. 2008, Y-chromosome markers distribution in Northern Africa: High-resolution SNP and STR analysis in Tunisia and Morocco populations
- Bosch et al. 2001, High-resolution analysis of humanY-chromosome variation shows a sharp discontinuity and limited gene flow between Northwestern Africa and the IberianPeninsula.
- Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2013), Genome-Wide and Paternal Diversity Reveal a Recent Origin of Human Populations in North Africa
- Triki-Fendri et al. (2015), Paternal lineages in Libya inferred from Y-chromosome haplogroups
- Luis, JR; Rowold, DJ; Regueiro, M; Caeiro, B; Cinnioglu, C; Roseman, C; Underhill, PA; Cavalli-Sforza, LL; et al. (2004). "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: evidence for bidirectional corridors of human migrations". Am J Hum Genet. 74 (3): 532–544. doi:10.1086/382286. PMC 1182266. PMID 14973781.
- Kujanová, Martina; Pereira, Luísa; Fernandes, Verónica; Pereira, Joana B.; Černý, Viktor (2009). "Near Eastern Neolithic genetic input in a small oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 140 (2): 336–346. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21078. PMID 19425100.
- Rosa Fregel; et al. (2009). "Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 181. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-181. PMC 2728732. PMID 19650893.
- Ottoni, C; Larmuseau, MH; Vanderheyden, N; Martínez-Labarga, C; Primativo, G; Biondi, G; Decorte, R; Rickards, O (May 2011). "Deep into the roots of the Libyan Tuareg: a genetic survey of their paternal heritage". Am J Phys Anthropol. 145 (1): 118–24. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21473. PMID 21312181.
- Pereira; et al. (2010). "Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel". European Journal of Human Genetics. 18 (8): 915–923. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.21. PMC 2987384. PMID 20234393.
- http://thegeneticatlas.com/World_Y-DNA.htm
- Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape" PLoS ONE 8(2) e56775. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775, Table 2. Geographic components (%) considered in Y-chromosome and mtDNA lineages.
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