Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas

Listed here are notable Indigenous peoples of the Americas by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the fourth column (n) is the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup.

GroupLanguagePlacenCQR1OthersReference
Algonquian[nb 1] Algic Northeast North America 155 7.7 33.5 [nb 2] 38.1 20.6 Bolnick 2006[1]
Apache Na-Dené SW United States 96 14.6 78.1 5.2 2.1 Zegura 2004[2]
Athabaskan[nb 3] Na-Dené Western North America 243 11.5 70.4 18.1 Malhi 2008[3]
Cherokee Iroquoian SE United States 62 1.6 50.0 [nb 4] 37.1 11.3 Bolnick 2006[1]
Cherokee Iroquoian Eastern North America 30 50.0 46.7 3.3 Malhi 2008[3]
Cheyenne Algic United States 44 16 61 16 7 Zegura 2004[2]
Chibchan[nb 5] Macro-Chibchan Panama 26 100 Zegura 2004[2]
Chipewyan Na-Dené Canada 48 6 31 [nb 6] 62.5[nb 7] Bortoloni 2003[4]
Chippewa Algic Eastern North America 97 4.1 15.9 [nb 8] 50.5 29.9 Bolnick 2006[1]
Dogrib Na-Dené Canada 15 33 27 40 Malhi 2008[3]
Dogrib Na-Dené Canada 37 35.1 45.9 [nb 9] 8.1 10.8 Dulik 2012[5]

Gê[nb 10]

 Macro-Jê Brazil 51 92 [nb 11] 8 Bortoloni 2003[4]
Guaraní Tupian Paraguay 59 86 [nb 12] 9 5 Bortoloni 2003[4]
Inga Quechua Colombia 11 78 [nb 13] 11 11 Bortoloni 2003[4]
Inuit Eskimo–Aleut North American Arctic 60 80.0 11.7 8.3 Zegura 2004[2]
Inuvialuit Eskimo–Aleut Canada 56 1.8 55.1 [nb 14] 33.9 8.9 Dulik 2012[5]

Maya

 Mayan Mesoamerica 71   87.3   12.7 Zegura 2004[2]
Mixe Mixe–Zoque Mexico 12 100 Zegura 2004[2]
Mixtec Oto-Manguean Mexico 28 93 7 Zegura 2004[2]
Muskogean[nb 15] Muskogean SE United States 36   2.8   75 [nb 16] 11.1 11.1 Bolnick 2006[1]
Nahua Uto-Aztecan Mexico 17 94 6 Malhi 2008[3]
Native Americans
(United States)		 United States 398 9.0 58.1 22.2 10.7 Hammer 2005[6]
Navajo Na-Dené SW United States 78 1.3 92.3 2.6 3.8 Zegura 2004[2]
Native North Americans North America 530 6.0 77.2 12.5 4.3 Zegura 2004[2]
Papago Uto-Aztecan SE United States 13 61.5 38.5 Malhi 2008[3]
Seminole Muskogean Eastern North America 20 45.0 50.0 5.0 Malhi 2008[3]
Sioux Macro-Siouan Central North America 44 11 25 50 14 Zegura 2004[2]
South America Amerindian South America 390 92 [nb 17] 4 4 Bortoloni 2003[4]
Tanana Na-Dené Northwest North America 12 42 42 8 8 Zegura 2004[2]
Ticuna Ticuna–Yuri West Amazon basin 33 100 [nb 18] Bortoloni 2003[4]
Tlingit Na-Dené Pacific Northwest 11 18 [nb 19] 82 [nb 20] Dulik 2012[5]
Tupí–Guaraní[nb 21] Tupian Brazil 54 100 [nb 22] Bortoloni 2003[4]
Uto-Aztecan[nb 23] Uto-Aztecan Mexico, Arizona 167 93.4 6.0 Malhi 2008[3]
Warao Warao (isolate) Caribbean South America 12 100 [nb 24] Bortoloni 2003[4]
Wayúu Arawakan Guajira Peninsula 19 69 [nb 25] 21 10 Bortoloni 2003[4]
Wayúu Arawakan Guajira Peninsula 25 8 36 44 12 Zegura 2004[2]
Yagua Peba–Yaguan Peru 7 100 [nb 26] Bortoloni 2003[4]
Yukpa Cariban Colombia 12 100 [nb 27] Bortoloni 2003[4]
Zapotec Oto-Manguean Mexico 16 75 6 19 Zegura 2004[2]
Zenú extinct Colombia 30 81 [nb 28] 19 Bortoloni 2003[4]
See also: Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas and Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world

See also

Notes
  1. Algonquian ethnic groups: Ojibwe, Cheyenne/Arapaho, Shawnee, Mi'kmaq, Kickapoo and Meskwaki.
  2. Q-M3=12.9; Q(xM3)=20.6.
  3. Athabaskan ethnic groups: Chipewyan, Tłı̨chǫ, Tanana, Apache and Navajo.
  4. Q-M3=32.; Q3(xM3)=17.7.
  5. Chibchan ethnic groups: Ngöbe and Kuna peoples.
  6. Q-M3=6; Q(xM3)=25.
  7. P1(xQ) 62.5%. While other studies identify this as R(xR2)/R1b,
    the subject remains controversial (see Hammer, Michael F. et al 2005)
  8. Q-M3=8.2; Q(xQ-M3)=7.2.
  9. Q-M3=40.5; Q(xM3)=5.4.
  10. Gê ethnic groups: Gorotire, Kaigang, Kraho, Mekranoti and Xikrin.
  11. Q-M3=90; Q(xM3)=2)
  12. Q-M3=79; Q(xM3)=7.
  13. Q-M3=11; Q(xM3)=67.
  14. Q-M3=10.7; NWT01=44.6.
  15. Muskogean ethnic groups: Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee and Seminole.
  16. Q-M3=50.0; Q(xM3)=25.0.
  17. Q-M3=83; Q(xM3)=9.
  18. Q-M3=89; Q(xM3)=11.
  19. C3*=9; C3b=9
  20. Q-M3=64; Q-MEH2*=9; Q-NWT01=9.
  21. Tupi–Guarani Brazilian ethnic groups: Asuriní, Parakanã, Ka'apor and Wayampi.
  22. All examples of haplogroup Q were Q-M3.
  23. Uto-Aztecan ethnic groups: Pima, Tohono O'odham, Tarahumara, Nahua, Cora and Huichol.
  24. Q=M3
  25. Q-M3=48; Q(xM3)=21.
  26. Q-M3=86<; Q(xM3)=14.
  27. Q=M3
  28. Q-M3=33; Q(xM3)=48.

References
  1. Bolnick, Deborah A. et al 2006, Asymmetric Male and Female Genetic Histories among Native Americans from Eastern North America
  2. Zegura, Stephen L. et al 2004, High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas
  3. Malhi, Ripan Singh et al 2008, Distribution of Y Chromosomes Among Native North Americans: A Study of Athapaskan Population History
  4. Bortolini, Maria-Catira et al 2003, Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas
  5. Matthew C. Dulik et al 2012, Y-chromosome analysis reveals genetic divergence and new founding native lineages in Athapaskan- and Eskimoan-speaking populations PNAS May 29, 2012 vol. 109 no. 22
  6. Hammer, Michael F. et al 2005, Population structure of Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in the United States and forensic implications for constructing Y chromosome STR databases

Further reading
  • Peter N. Jones (October 2002). American Indian Mtdna, Y Chromosome Genetic Data, and the Peopling of North America. Bauu Institute. ISBN 978-0-9721349-1-0.
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