Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
Listed here are notable groups and populations from South Asia by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with linguistic designations (IE=Indo-European, Dr=Dravidian, AA=Austro-Asiatic, ST=Sino-Tibetan), the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup.
Note: The converted frequencies from some old studies conducted in the first decade of the 21st century may lead to unsubstantial frequencies below. Table below has been sorted in alphabetical order based on the name of the population.
| Population | Language | n | C | DE | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | N | O | P | Q | R | R1 | R1a | R1b | R2 | T | Others | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan (North) | IE | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.6 | 0 | 0 | 4.6 | 0 | 25.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 50.0 | 0 | 11.4 | 0 | Lacau2012[1] | |
| Afghanistan (South) | IE | 146 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 4.1 | 0 | 6.9 | 0 | 4.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.8 | 0 | 0 | 65.8 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 0 | Lacau2012[1] | |
| Andhra Pradesh Tribals (India) | Dr | 29 | 0 | 10.3 | 3.4 | 34.5 | 3.4 | 0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 0 | 0 | 27.6 | 0 | 6.9 | 0 | Fornarino2009[2] | |||||||
| Balochi (Pakistan) | IE | 25 | 8 | 4 | 16 | 24 | 8 | 20 | 8 | 12 | Sengupta2006[3] | |||||||||||||
| Baluchi (Afghanistan) | IE | 13 | 7.7 | 69.3 | 7.7 | 15.4 | Haber2012[4] | |||||||||||||||||
| Bengalis (Bangladesh) | IE | 42 | 7.14 | 4.72 | 35.71 | 11.9 | 4.76 | 9.52 | 2.38 | 21.43 | 7.14 | Poznik2016[5] | ||||||||||||
| Bhargavas (India) | IE | 96 | 6.3 | 4.2 | 16.7 | 6.3 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 4.2 | 22.9 | 1 | 32.3 | Zhao2009[6] | |||||||||||
| Bihar Paswan (India) | IE | 27 | 3.7 | 11.11 | 14.81 | 3.7 | 7.41 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 11.11 | 40.74 | Sharma2009[7] | ||||||||||||
| Bihar Brahmins (India) | IE | 38 | 2.63 | 2.63 | 5.26 | 13.16 | 5.26 | 5.26 | 60.53 | 5.26 | Sharma2009[7] | |||||||||||||
| Brahmins (India) | IE | 118 | 10.2 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 3.4 | 28 | 1.7 | 20.3 | Zhao2009[6] | |||||||||
| Brahui (Pakistan) | Dr | 25 | 4 | 16 | 4 | 28 | 8 | 4 | 24 | 12 | Sengupta2006[3] | |||||||||||||
| Burusho (Pakistan) | Isolate (Burushaski) | 97 | 8.2 | 1 | 1 | 4.1 | 8.2 | 16.5 | 3.1 | 1 | 2.1 | 27.9 | 14.4 | 0 | Firasat2006[8] | |||||||||
| Chamar (India) | IE | 18 | 5.6 | 44.4 | 38.9 | 11.1 | Sengupta2006[3] | |||||||||||||||||
| Chaturvedis (India) (India) | IE | 88 | 9.1 | 3.4 | 6.8 | 12.5 | 4.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 23.9 | 31.8 | Zhao2009[6] | |||||||||||
| Chenchu (India) | Dr | 41 | 4.9 | 36.6 | 7.3 | 14.6 | 26.8 | 2.4 | 7.3 | Kivisild2003[9] | ||||||||||||||
| Dawoodi Bohra (Gujarat) (India) | IE | 50 | 2 | 4 | 26 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 30 | 16 | Eaaswarkhanth2009[10] | |||||||||||||
| Dawoodi Bohra (Tamil Nadu) (India) | IE | 26 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 53.9 | Eaaswarkhanth2009[10] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gujarat Bhils (India) | IE | 22 | 9.09 | 27.27 | 18.18 | 18.18 | 9.09 | 18.18 | Sharma2009[7] | |||||||||||||||
| Gujarat Brahmins (India) | IE | 64 | 3.33 | 3.33 | 10.94 | 1.56 | 15.63 | 3.13 | 7.81 | 3.13 | 9.38 | 32.81 | 9.38 | Sharma2009[7] | ||||||||||
| Gujarati Indians (USA) | IE | 58 | 20.69 | 3.45 | 20.69 | 8.62 | 8.62 | 27.59 | 1.72 | 8.62 | Poznik2016[5] | |||||||||||||
| Gujaratis (India) | IE | 29 | 17.2 | 13.8 | 20.7 | 10.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 24.1 | 3.5 | 3.5 | Kivisild2003[9] | ||||||||||||
| Hazara (Afghanistan) | IE | 60 | 33.3 | 5 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.33 | 26.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | B=5 M=1.7 | Haber2012[4] | |||||||||
| Hazara (Pakistan) | IE | 25 | 40 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 32 | 4 | Sengupta2006[3] | ||||||||||||||
| Himachal Brahmin (India) | IE | 19 | 5.26 | 15.79 | 10.53 | 5.26 | 5.26 | 5.26 | 47.37 | 5.26 | Sharma2009[7] | |||||||||||||
| India | IE, Dr, AA, ST | 728 | 1.8 | 5.2 | 1.2 | 26.4 | 9.3 | 18.7 | 23.9 | 0 | 0.4 | 27.3 | 0.5 | 9.3 | 0 | Sengupta2006[3] | ||||||||
| India | IE, Dr, AA, ST | 1152 | 1.4 | 3 | 0.1 | 23 | 9.1 | 17.5 | 18 | 2.7 | 28.3 | 0.5 | 13.5 | 3.1 | Trivedi2007[11] | |||||||||
| India | IE, DR, AA, ST | 1,615 | 1.3 | Sharma2007[12] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| India (Central) | IE, Dr | 50 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 20 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 6 | 0 | Sahoo2006[13] | ||||||||
| India (East) | IE, AA, Dr | 367 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 0 | 19.3 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 20.7 | 2.7 | 0 | 23.2 | 15.5 | 3.8 | Sahoo2006[13] | |||||||||
| India (West) | IE | 204 | 5.4 | 0.5 | 0 | 33.3 | 11.3 | 11.8 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 35 | 6.4 | 0.5 | Sahoo2006[13] | |||||||||
| India (North) | IE, ST | 180 | 0 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 24.5 | 7.8 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 0 | 48.9 | 0.6 | 11.1 | 0 | Trivedi2007[11] | |||||||||
| India (Northeast) | ST | 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 79.7 | 4.6 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Trivedi2007[11] | |||||||||
| India (S. Gujarat tribals) | IE | 284 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 0 | 40.1 | 10.2 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | 2.8 | 18.7 | 0 | 9.5 | 0 | Khurana2014[14] | |||||||
| India (South) | Dr | 372 | 1.9 | 4 | 0 | 27.5 | 19.7 | 10.8 | 0 | 1.6 | 26.7 | 1.3 | 21.5 | 5.1 | Trivedi2007[11] | |||||||||
| India Shia (India) | IE | 161 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 5.6 | 5 | 8.6 | 28.7 | 0.6 | 5 | 3.7 | 27.9 | 9.3 | Eaaswarkhanth2009[10] | ||||||||||
| Indian Dravidians | Dr | 353 | 1.7 | 9.3 | 2.3 | 32.9 | 19.7 | 11.6 | 13.6 | 0.3 | 26.7 | 0.3 | 6.2 | Sengupta2006[3] | ||||||||||
| Indian Indo-Europeans | IE | 205 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 28.8 | 11.3 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 1 | 48.9 | 1.5 | 13.7 | Sengupta2006[3] | ||||||||||
| Indian Munda | AA | 892 | 4 | 23.1 | 3.9 | 0 | 57.2 | 1.8 | 5.4 | 4.4 | Kumar2007[15] | |||||||||||||
| Indian Sunni (India) | IE | 129 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 14 | 20.1 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 39.5 | 11.6 | Eaaswarkhanth2009[10] | |||||||||||
| Indian tribes | Dr, IE, AA, ST | 505 | 2.2 | 2 | 0.2 | 21.2 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 40.6 | 3.2 | 7.9 | 1 | 6.1 | 4.2 | Trivedi2007[11] | |||||||||
| Indian Sino-Tibetans | ST | 87 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 86.2 | 0 | 4.6 | 0 | 5.7 | Sengupta2006[3] | ||||||||||
| Indian Telugus (UK) | Dr | 60 | 1.67 | 26.67 | 6.67 | 1.67 | 1.67 | 1.67 | 26.67 | 20 | Poznik2016[5] | |||||||||||||
| India's Lower Castes | Dr, IE | 261 | 0.8 | 4.6 | 0 | 27.6 | 3.1 | 5.4 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 15.7 | 0 | 27.6 | 4.6 | Trivedi2007[11] | |||||||||
| India's Middle Castes | IE, Dr | 175 | 0.6 | 5.1 | 0 | 21.1 | 9.7 | 5.7 | 0 | 2.9 | 26.3 | 0 | 18.9 | 1.7 | Trivedi2007[11] | |||||||||
| India's Upper Castes | IE, Dr | 211 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 0 | 23.3 | 10 | 11.4 | 0 | 1.9 | 30.5 | 0.5 | 9 | 0 | Trivedi2007[11] | |||||||||
| Indo-Aryan Castes (India) | IE | 29 | 5.3 | 0 | 3.6 | 0.6 | 6.5 | 0 | 16.6 | 1.2 | 11.2 | 1.2 | 4.1 | 40.2 | 8.9 | Cordaux2004[16] | ||||||||
| Iranian Shia (India) | IE | 25 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 24 | 28 | 4 | 16 | Eaaswarkhanth2009[10] | ||||||||||||||
| Jats | IE | 302 | 1 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1 | 9.6 | 36.8 | 15.6 | 28.5 | 0.3 | Mahal2017[17] | ||||||||||||
| J&K Kashmir Gujars (India) | IE | 49 | 2.04 | 4.08 | 10.2 | 6.12 | 8.16 | 16.33 | 2 | 2.04 | 40.86 | 8.16 | Sharma2009[7] | |||||||||||
| J&K Kashmiri Pandits (India) | IE | 51 | 1.96 | 3.92 | 1.96 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 5.88 | 5.88 | 1.96 | 11.76 | 23.53 | 13.73 | Sharma2009[7] | |||||||||
| Kalash (Pakistan) | Isolate Kalasha, IE | 44 | 0 | 0 | 18.2 | 20.5 | 9.1 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | Firasat2006[8] | |||||||||
| Kathmandu (Nepal) | IE, ST | 77 | 7.8 | 0 | 0 | 11.7 | 10.4 | 0 | 20.8 | 0 | 1.3 | 35.1 | 0 | 10.4 | 0 | Gayden2007[18] | ||||||||
| Khasi (India) | AA | 92 | 10.9 | 6.5 | 0 | 0 | 72.8 | 4.4 | 0 | Kumar2007[15] | ||||||||||||||
| Kodava (India) | Dr | 50 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 18 | 38 | 16 | NI-Shodhganga[19] | ||||||||||||||
| Kokanastha Brahmin (India) | IE | 25 | 12 | 28 | 4 | 40 | 20 | Sengupta2006[3] | ||||||||||||||||
| Konkanastha Brahmins (India) | IE | 43 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 9.3 | 14 | 2.3 | 18.6 | 41.9 | 9.3 | Kivisild2003[9] | |||||||||||||
| Koraga Tribal (India) | Dr | 33 | 0 | 6.1 | 0 | 0 | 87.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.1 | Cordaux2004[16] | ||||||||
| Koya (India) | Dr | 41 | 26.8 | 70.7 | 2.4 | Kivisild2003[9] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lambadi (India) | IE | 35 | 17.1 | 2.9 | 8.6 | 5.7 | 17.1 | 2.9 | 8.6 | 37.1 | Kivisild2003[9] | |||||||||||||
| Madhya Pradesh Brahmins (India) | IE | 42 | 2.38 | 7.14 | 23.81 | 7.14 | 2.38 | 2.38 | 4.76 | 38.1 | Sharma2009[7] | |||||||||||||
| Madhya Pradesh Gonds (India) | Dr | 64 | 62.5 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 18.75 | Sharma2009[7] | ||||||||||||||||
| Madhya Pradesh Saharia (India) | AA | 57 | 5.27 | 33.33 | 3.51 | 1.75 | 50.87 | 5.3 | Sharma2009[7] | |||||||||||||||
| Maharashtra Brahmins (India) | IE | 30 | 3.33 | 3.33 | 10 | 16.67 | 3.33 | 10 | 3.33 | 3.33 | 0 | 43.33 | 3.33 | Sharma2009[7] | ||||||||||
| Mappila (India) | Dr | 40 | 27.5 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 32.5 | 5 | Eaaswarkhanth2009[10] | |||||||||||||||
| Mundari (India) | AA | 789 | 3.3 | 25.4 | 4.4 | 0 | 55 | 1.5 | 4.9 | Kumar2007[15] | ||||||||||||||
| New Delhi Hindus (India) | IE | 49 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 18.3 | 8.1 | 0 | 4.1 | 2 | 0 | 6.1 | 34.7 | 0 | 20.4 | 0 | Fornarino2009[2] | |||||||
| Pakistan | IE | 176 | 7.4 | 0 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 15.3 | 13.1 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 24.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 0 | Sengupta2006[3] | |||||||||
| Pakistan | 638 | 3 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 20.2 | 11.6 | 0.5 | 0 | 2.2 | 37.1 | 7.8 | 0 | Firasat2006[8] | ||||||||||
| Pashtun (Afghanistan) | IE | 49 | 2 | 0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 2 | 12.2 | 0 | 0 | 18.4 | 51 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Haber2012[4] | ||||||||
| Pashtun (Pakistan) | IE | 96 | 0 | 2.1 | 11.5 | 4.2 | 6.2 | 12.5 | 5.2 | 0 | 5.2 | 44.8 | 0 | 1 | Firasat2006[8] | |||||||||
| Pathan (Pakistan) | IE | 21 | 4.8 | 9.5 | 14.3 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 4.8 | 38.1 | 9.5 | 9.5 | Sengupta2006[3] | ||||||||||||
| Punjab Brahmin (India) | IE | 28 | 3.58 | 3.57 | 3.57 | 21.43 | 7.14 | 35.71 | 25 | Sharma2009[7] | ||||||||||||||
| Punjabi (India) | IE | 66 | 3 | 4.6 | 21.2 | 12.1 | 47 | 7.6 | 4.6 | Kivisild2003[9] | ||||||||||||||
| Punjabis (Pakistan) | IE | 48 | 2.08 | 8.33 | 6.25 | 27.08 | 4.17 | 4.17 | 35.42 | 12.5 | Poznik2016[5] | |||||||||||||
| Rajput (India) | IE | 29 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 20.7 | 17.2 | 6.9 | 3.4 | 31 | 13.8 | Sengupta2006[3] | |||||||||||||
| Shia (India) | IE | 154 | 9.1 | 11 | 3.3 | 9.7 | 7.8 | 19.5 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 2 | 2 | 15.6 | 13 | Zhao2009[6] | |||||||||
| Sindhi (Pakistan) | IE | 21 | 33.3 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 52.4 | 4.8 | Sengupta2006[3] | ||||||||||||||||
| Sinhalese (Sri Lanka) | IE | 39 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 18 | 12.8 | 38.5 | Kivisild2003[9] | |||||||||||||||
| Sri Lanka | IE | 74 | 9 | 15 | 14 | 1 | 19 | 3 | 27 | 12 | Mustak2019[20] | |||||||||||||
| Sourashtrians (India) | IE, Dr | 46 | 6.5 | 0 | 4.4 | 15.2 | 0 | 2.2 | 0 | 26.1 | 2.2 | 0 | 39.1 | 4.3 | Cordaux2004[16] | |||||||||
| South Indian Tribals (India) | Dr, AA | 315 | 8.6 | 0.6 | 18.1 | 0 | 31.1 | 0 | 2.9 | 7 | 6.7 | 6 | 8.9 | 4.4 | Cordaux2004[16] | |||||||||
| South castes (India) | Dr | 447 | 5.1 | 11.9 | 14.1 | 0 | 9.8 | 5.6 | 21.9 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 13.6 | 10.6 | Cordaux2004[16] | ||||||||||
| Sri Lanka | IE, Dr | 91 | 3.3 | 9.9 | 5.5 | 25.3 | 19.8 | 15.4 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 13.2 | Karafet2005[21] | ||||||||||||
| Sri Lankan Tamils (UK) | Dr | 55 | 5.45 | 29.01 | 14.55 | 18.19 | 3.64 | 27.27 | 5.45 | Poznik2016[5] | ||||||||||||||
| Sunni (India) | IE | 104 | 7.7 | 2 | 5.8 | 10.6 | 15.4 | 2 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 2 | 28.8 | 19.2 | Zhao2009[6] | ||||||||||
| Tajik (Afghanistan) | IE | 56 | 3.6 | 5.4 | 7.1 | 1.8 | 17.9 | 8.9 | 1.8 | 8.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 30.4 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | Haber2012[4] | |||||||
| Terai Hindus (Nepal) | IE | 26 | 11.5 | 0 | 0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 | 69.2 | 0 | 3.8 | 0 | Fornarino2009[2] | |||||||
| Tharu (Nepal) | IE | 171 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 25.7 | 14 | 2.3 | 36.8 | 0 | 1.2 | 8.8 | 0 | 4.7 | 0 | Fornarino2009[2] | ||||||||
| Uttar Pradesh (South) Kols (India) | AA | 54 | 11.11 | 33.34 | 40.74 | 14.81 | Sharma2009[7] | |||||||||||||||||
| Uttar Pradesh (South) Gonds (India) | Dr | 37 | 59.46 | 18.92 | 10.81 | 2.7 | 8.11 | Sharma2009[7] | ||||||||||||||||
| Uttar Pradesh Brahmin (India) | IE | 31 | 16.13 | 3.23 | 3.21 | 6.46 | 67.74 | 3.23 | Sharma2009[7] | |||||||||||||||
| Uzbek (Afghanistan) | IE | 17 | 41.2 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 17.6 | 17.6 | Haber2012[4] | ||||||||||||||
| West Bengal Brahmins (India) | IE | 18 | 5.56 | 72.22 | 22.22 | Sharma2009[7] | ||||||||||||||||||
| West Bengalis (India) | IE | 31 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 3.2 | 38.7 | 6.5 | 22.6 | Kivisild2003[9] |
Y Haplogroup Q distribution of India[7]
| India Regions | Social Category | Linguistic Category | No. of Samples | No. of Q(xQ5) | No. of Q5-ss4 bp | - |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North(11) | ||||||
| J&K Kashmiri Pandits | Caste high | IE | 51 | 3 | ||
| J&K Kashmiri Gujars | Tribe | IE | 61 | 1(M120) | ||
| Uttar Pradesh Brahmin | Caste high | IE | 14 | 1(M346) | (Q4)Sengupta2006[3] | |
| Uttar Pradesh Brahmin | Caste high | IE | 31 | 1 | 1 | |
| Himachal Rajputs | Caste high | IE | 35 | 1 | ||
| Central (8) | ||||||
| Madhya Pradesh Brahmins | Caste high | IE | 42 | 1 | 1 | |
| Madhya Pradesh Gonds | Tribe | DR | 17 | 1 | ||
| Madhya Pradesh Saharia | Tribe | IE | 89 | 1 | 2 | |
| Halba | Tribe | IE | 21 | 1(M346) | (Q4)Sengupta2006[3] | |
| East(11) | ||||||
| Bihar Brahmins | Caste high | IE | 38 | 1 | 1 | |
| West(5) | ||||||
| Northeast(7) | ||||||
| South(15) | ||||||
| Yadhava | Caste | DR | 129 | 3 | ||
| Vellalar | Caste middle | DR | 31 | 1(M346) | (Q4)Sengupta2006[3] | |
| Total (57 regions) | 1,615 | 16 | 5 | |||
See also
- South Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups by population
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania
- Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas
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