1882 and 1883 United States Senate elections

The United States Senate elections of 1882 and 1883 saw the Republicans retain a narrow majority — 39 (and later 40) out of 76 — with the Readjusters in their caucus.

1882 and 1883 United States Senate elections

Dates vary by state[lower-alpha 1]

26 of the 76 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
39 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Henry B. Anthony[lower-alpha 2] George H. Pendleton[lower-alpha 3]
Party Republican Democratic
Seats before 37 37
Seats won 11 13
Seats after 37 36
Seat change 1
Seats up 11 14

  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Readjuster Independent
Seats before 1 1
Seats won 1 0
Seats after 2 0
Seat change 1 1
Seats up 0 1

Majority Party before election


Republican[1]

Elected Majority Party


Republican[1]

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Results summary

Colored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.

Parties Total
Democratic Independent Readjuster Republican
Before these elections 37 1 1 37 76
Not up 23 0 1 26 50
Class 1 (1880/811886/87) 9 0 1 15 25
Class 3 (1878/791884/85) 14 0 0 11 25
Up 15 1 0 13 29
Regular: Class 2 14 1 0 11 26
Special: Class 1 0 0 0 0 0
Special: Class 2 1 0 0 2 3
Special: Class 3 0 0 0 0 0
Regular election
Incumbent retired 3 1 0 3 7
Held by same party 2 0 2 4
Replaced by other party 1 Independent replaced by 1 Republican
1 Republican replaced by 1 Democrat
1 Democrat replaced by 1 Republican
3
Result 3 0 0 4 7
Incumbent ran 11 0 0 8 19
Won re-election 10 0 0 4 14
Lost re-election and gained by other party 1 Democrat replaced by 1 Readjuster 1
Lost re-election without an elected successor 1 Republican lost and legislature failed to elect 1
Lost renomination but held by same party 0 0 0 3 3
Result 10 0 1 7 18
Total elected 13 0 1 11 25
Net change 1 1 1 3
Result 36 0 2 37 75

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

After the November 15, 1882 special election in Georgia.

D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D28
Ran
D27
Ran
D26
Ran
D25
Ran
D24
Ran
D23 D22 D21 D20 D19
D29
Ran
D30
Ran
D31
Ran
D32
Ran
D33
Ran
D34
Ran
D35
Retired
D36
Retired
D37
Retired
I1
Retired
Plurality, with Readjuster in caucus and VP tie-breaking vote ↓ RA1
R29
Ran
R30
Ran
R31
Ran
R32
Ran
R33
Ran
R34
Ran
R35
Retired
R36
Retired
R37
Retired
R28
Ran
R27
Ran
R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19
R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18
R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1

After the elections

D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D28
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
D25
Re-elected
D24
Re-elected
D23 D22 D21 D20 D19
D29
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
D32
Re-elected
D33
Re-elected
D34
Hold
D35
Hold
D36
Gain
V1
R Loss
RA2
Gain
Majority, with Readjusters in caucus ↓ RA1
R29
Re-elected
R30
Re-elected
R31
Hold
R32
Hold
R33
Hold
R34
Hold
R35
Hold
R36
Gain
R37
Gain
R28
Re-elected
R27
Re-elected
R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19
R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18
R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1
Key:
D# Democratic
I# Independent
RA# Readjuster
R# Republican
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 47th Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1882 or in 1883 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Iowa
(Class 2)
James W. McDill Republican 1881 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected January 25, 1882.
Winner did not run for re-election, see below.
Georgia
(Class 2)
Benjamin H. Hill Democratic 1877 Incumbent died August 16, 1882.
Winner elected November 15, 1882.
Democratic hold.
Winner did not run for re-election, see below.
Colorado
(Class 2)
George M. Chilcott Republican 1882 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
Winner elected January 27, 1883.
Republican hold.
Winner did not run for re-election, see below.

Races leading to the 48th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1883; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Alabama John Tyler Morgan Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected in 1882.
Arkansas Augustus Garland Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Colorado Horace Tabor Republican 1883 (Special) Incumbent retired.
Winner's election date unknown.
Republican hold.
Delaware Eli M. Saulsbury Democratic 1870
1876
Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Georgia Middleton P. Barrow Democratic 1882 (Special) Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1883.
Democratic hold.
Illinois David Davis Independent 1876 or 1877 Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1882.
Republican gain.
Iowa James W. McDill Republican 1881 (Appointed)
1882 (Special)
Incumbent retired.
Winner elected January 25, 1882.
Republican hold.
Kansas Preston B. Plumb Republican 1877 Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1883.[3]
Kentucky James B. Beck Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected in 1882.
Louisiana Joseph R. West Republican 1876 Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1882.
Democratic gain.
Maine William P. Frye Republican 1881 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Massachusetts George Frisbie Hoar Republican 1877 Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Michigan Thomas W. Ferry Republican 1871
1877
Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1882 or 1883.
Republican hold.
Minnesota William Windom Republican 1870 (Appointed)
1871
1877
1881 (Special)
Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1883.
Republican hold.
Mississippi Lucius Q.C. Lamar II Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Nebraska Alvin Saunders Republican 1877 Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1883.
Republican hold.
New Hampshire Edward H. Rollins Republican 1876 Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Republican loss.
None.
New Jersey John R. McPherson Democratic 1877 Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
North Carolina Matt W. Ransom Democratic 1872 (Special)
1876
Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Oregon La Fayette Grover Democratic 1882 or 1883 Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1882.
Republican gain.
Rhode Island Henry B. Anthony Republican 1858
1864
1870
1876
Incumbent re-elected in 1882.
South Carolina Matthew Butler Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected in 1882.
Tennessee Isham G. Harris Democratic 1877 Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Texas Richard Coke Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected in 1882.
Virginia John W. Johnston Democratic 1871
1877
Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected early December 21, 1881.[4]
Readjuster gain.
Winner caucused with the Republicans.[4]
West Virginia Henry G. Davis Democratic 1871
1877
Incumbent retired.
Winner's election date unknown.
Democratic hold.

Elections during the 48th Congress

In this election, the winner was elected in 1883 after March 4.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
New Hampshire Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
Winner elected August 2, 1883.[5]
Republican gain.

Iowa

On January 25, 1882, the Iowa General Assembly elected James W. McDill (Republican) to finish the term over M. M. Ham and Daniel Campbell.[2] James F. Wilson (Republican) was elected to the full six-year term on January 25, 1882 over L. G. Kinne and D. P. Subbs.[2]

See also

Notes

  1. And other dates for special elections
  2. as Republican Conference Chair
  3. as Democratic Caucus Chair

References

  1. The Readjusters caucused with the Republicans.
  2. Clark, p. 199
  3. Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1912). Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc. ... Kansas: Standard Publishing Company. p. 757. ISBN 9780722249055.
  4. Jones Salmon, Emily. "Harrison H. Riddleberger (1843–1890)". Encyclopedia Virginia/Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  5. "A Long Dead-Lock Broken: Austin F. Pike Elected Senator from New-Hampshire". New York Times. August 3, 1883. p. 1. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.