1916 United States Senate elections

1916 United States Senate elections
	November 7, 1916[lower-alpha 1]
	November 7, 1916[lower-alpha 1]
35 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate; 49 seats needed for a majority
	Results of the elections:; Democratic gain Democratic hold; Republican gain Republican hold; No election
Majority conference chairman before election; John W. Kern; Democratic	Elected Majority conference chairman ; Thomas S. Martin; Democratic

The United States Senate elections of 1916 were elections that coincided with the re-election of Democratic President Woodrow Wilson. Republicans gained a net of two seats from the Democrats.

Senate Party Division, 65th Congress (1917–1919)

Majority Party: Democratic (54 seats)

Minority Party: Republican (42 seats)

Other Parties: 0

Total Seats: 96

Gains and losses

Republicans picked up seven seats:

Harry S. New (IN)
James E. Watson (IN)--won in a special election
Frederick Hale (ME)
Joseph I. France (MD)
Joseph S. Freylinghuysen (NJ)
William M. Calder (NY)
Howard Sutherland (WV)

Democrats picked up five seats:

Change in composition

Before the elections

		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈ Ariz. Ran	D₃₇	D₃₆	D₃₅	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉ Ark. (sp) Died	D₄₀ Ind. (sp) Ran	D₄₁ Fla. Ran	D₄₂ Ind. (reg) Ran	D₄₃ Maine (reg) Ran	D₄₄ Md. Ran	D₄₅ Miss. Ran	D₄₆ Mo. Ran	D₄₇ Mont. Ran	D₄₈ Neb. Ran
Majority →									D₄₉ Nev. Ran
R₃₉ Wis. Ran	R₄₀ Wyo. Ran	D₅₆ W.Va. Ran	D₅₅ Va. Ran	D₅₄ Texas Ran	D₅₃ Tenn. Ran	D₅₂ Ohio Ran	D₅₁ N.Y. Retired	D₅₀ N.J. Ran	D₄₉ Nev. Ran
R₃₈ Wash. Ran	R₃₇ Vt. Ran	R₃₆ Utah Ran	R₃₅ R.I. Ran	R₃₄ Pa. Retired	R₃₃ N.D. Ran	R₃₂ N.M. Retired	R₃₁ Minn. Ran	R₃₀ Mich. Ran	R₂₉ Mass. Ran
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅ Calif. Retired	R₂₆ Conn. Ran	R₂₇ Del. Ran	R₂₈ Maine (sp) Died
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Elections results

		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈ Ariz. Re-elected	D₃₇	D₃₆	D₃₅	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉ Ark. (sp) Hold	D₄₀ Del. Gain	D₄₁ Fla. Hold	D₄₂ Miss. Re-elected	D₄₃ Mo. Re-elected	D₄₄ Mont. Re-elected	D₄₅ Neb. Re-elected	D₄₆ Nev. Re-elected	D₄₇ N.M. Gain	D₄₈ Ohio Re-elected
Majority →									D₄₉ R.I. Gain
R₃₉ Vt. Re-elected	R₄₀ Wash. Re-elected	R₄₁ W.Va. Gain	R₄₂ Wis. Re-elected	D₅₄ Wyo. Gain	D₅₃ Va. Re-elected	D₅₂ Utah Gain	D₅₁ Texas Re-elected	D₅₀ Tenn. Hold	D₄₉ R.I. Gain
R₃₈ Pa. Hold	R₃₇ N.D. Re-elected	R₃₆ N.Y. Gain	R₃₅ N.J. Gain	R₃₄ Minn. Hold	R₃₃ Mich. Re-elected	R₃₂ Mass. Re-elected	R₃₁ Md. Gain	R₃₀ Maine (sp) Hold	R₂₉ Maine (reg) Gain
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅ Calif. Hold	R₂₆ Conn. Re-elected	R₂₇ Ind. (reg) Gain	R₂₈ Ind. (sp) Gain
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Key

D_#	Democratic
R_#	Republican

Race summaries

Special elections during the 64th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1916 or before March 4, 1917; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Maine (Class 2)	Edwin C. Burleigh	Republican	1913	Incumbent died June 16, 1916. A new senator elected September 11, 1916. Republican hold.	Y Bert M. Fernald (Republican) 54.28% Kenneth C.M. Sills (Democratic) 45.49% Frederick Shepherd (Prohibition) 0.23%[1]
Arkansas (Class 3)	James Paul Clarke	Democratic	1903 1909 1914	Incumbent died October 1, 1916. New senator elected November 7, 1916. Democratic hold.	Y William F. Kirby (Democratic) 69.27% H. L. Remmel (Republican) 30.73%[2]
Indiana (Class 3)	Thomas Taggart	Democratic	1916 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election to finish term. New senator elected November 7, 1916. Republican gain.	Y James Eli Watson (Republican) 47.66% Thomas Taggart (Democratic) 46.29% Edward Henry (Socialist) 3.08% William H. Hickman (Prohibition) 2.29% John F. Clifford (Progressive) 0.68%[3]

Elections leading to the 65th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1917; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Arizona	Henry F. Ashurst	Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) 55.36% Joseph Henry Kibbey (Republican) 39.4% W. S. Bradford (Socialist) 5.24%[4]
California	John D. Works	Republican	1911	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	Y Hiram Johnson (Republican) 61.09% George S. Patton (Democratic) 29.54% Walter Thomas Mills (Socialist) 5.25% Marshall Atwood (Prohibition) 4.12%[5]
Connecticut	George P. McLean	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George P. McLean (Republican) 50.17% Homer Stille Cummings (Democratic) 46.24% Martin Plunkett (Socialist) 2.48% Wilbur Manchester (Prohibition) 0.83% Otto Ruckser (Socialist Labor) 0.29%[6]
Delaware	Henry A. du Pont	Republican	1906 (Special) 1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Y Josiah O. Wolcott (Democratic) 49.67% Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 44.77% Hiram A. Burton (Progressive) 4.61% William C. Ferris (Socialist) 0.96%[7]
Florida	Nathan P. Bryan	Democratic	1911 (Appointed) 1911 (Late)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Y Park Trammell (Democratic) 82.86% William O'Neal (Republican) 12.45% R. L. Goodwin (Socialist) 4.69%[8]
Indiana	John W. Kern	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	Y Harry Stewart New (Republican) 47.77% John W. Kern (Democratic) 46.14% Joseph Zimmerman (Socialist) 3.06% Elwood Haynes (Prohibition) 2.21% John N. Dyer (Progressive) 0.61% Ira Decker (Socialist Labor) 0.22%[9]
Maine	Charles Fletcher Johnson	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected September 11, 1916. Republican gain.	Y Frederick Hale (Republican) 52.72% Charles Fletcher Johnson (Democratic) 46.09% James F. Carey (Socialist) 1% Arthur C. Jackson (Prohibition) 0.19%[10]
Maryland	Blair Lee I	Democratic	1913 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican gain.	Y Joseph I. France (Republican) 49.32% David John Lewis (Democratic) 47.62% James Frizzell (Prohibition) 1.44% Sylvester Young (Socialist) 1.12% Frank Lang (Labor) 0.5%[11][12]
Massachusetts	Henry Cabot Lodge	Republican	1893 1899 1905 1911	Incumbent re-elected	Y Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 51.68% John F. Fitzgerald (Democratic) 45.31% William N. McDonald (Socialist) 3.01%.[13]
Michigan	Charles E. Townsend	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected.[13]	Y Charles E. Townsend (Republican) 56.34% Lawrence Price (Democratic) 39.85% E. O. Foss (Socialist) 2.41% John Y. Johnston (Prohibition) 1.17% Herman Richter (Socialist Labor) 0.14%
Minnesota	Moses E. Clapp	Republican	1901 (Special) 1905 1911	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican hold.	Y Frank B. Kellogg (Republican) 48.58% Daniel Lawler (Democratic) 30.84% Willis Calderwood (Prohibition) 20.58%[14][15]
Mississippi	John Sharp Williams	Democratic	1908 (Early)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John Sharp Williams (Democratic) Unopposed[16]
Missouri	James A. Reed	Democratic	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James A. Reed (Democratic) 50.56% Walter S. Dickey (Republican) 47.44% Kate Richards O'Hare (Socialist) 1.87% Joseph Scheidler (Socialist Labor) 0.12%[17]
Montana	Henry L. Myers	Democratic	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Henry L. Myers (Democratic) 51.06% Charles Nelson Pray (Republican) 43.40% Henry La Beau (Socialist) 5.54%[18]
Nebraska	Gilbert Hitchcock	Democratic	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Gilbert Hitchcock (Democratic) 49.98% John L. Kennedy (Republican) 45.88% E. E. Olmstead (Socialist) 2.59% D. B. Gilbert (Prohibition) 1.55%[19]
Nevada	Key Pittman	Democratic	1913 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Key Pittman (Democratic) 38.81% Samuel Platt (Republican) 32.28% Ashley G. Miller (Socialist) 28.91%[20]
New Jersey	James Edgar Martine	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	Y Joseph S. Frelinghuysen (Republican) 55.99% James Edgar Martine (Democratic) 38.9% William C. Doughty (Socialist) 3.06% Livingston Barbour (Prohibition) 1.64% Rudolph Katz (Socialist Labor) 0.42%[21]
New Mexico	Thomas B. Catron	Republican	1912	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Y Andrieus A. Jones (Democratic) 51.01% Frank Hubbell (Republican) 45.95% W. P. Metcalf (Socialist) 3.04%[22]
New York	James Aloysius O'Gorman	Democratic	1911	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican gain.	Y William M. Calder (Republican) 54.32% William F. McCombs (Democratic) 39.22% Joseph D. Cannon (Socialist) 3.96% D. Leigh Colvin (Prohibition) 1.25% Bainbridge Colby (Progressive) 0.99% August Gillhaus (Socialist Labor) 0.26%
North Dakota	Porter J. McCumber	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Porter J. McCumber (Republican) 53.85% John Burke (Democratic) 38.24% E. R. Fry (Socialist) 7.91%[23]
Ohio	Atlee Pomerene	Democratic	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Atlee Pomerene (Democratic) 49.26% Myron T. Herrick (Republican) 46.15% Charles Ruthenberg (Socialist) 3.29% Aaron S. Watkins (Prohibition) 1.04% Jacob S. Coxey, Sr. (Independent) 0.26%[24]
Pennsylvania	George T. Oliver	Republican	1909 (Special) 1911	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	Y Philander C. Knox (Republican) 56.31% Ellis Orvis (Democratic) 37.25% Charles Ervin (Socialist) 3.76% Herbert T. Ames (Prohibition) 2.49% Robert C. Macauley (Single Tax) 0.12%[25]
Rhode Island	Henry F. Lippitt	Republican	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Y Peter G. Gerry (Democratic) 52.94% Henry F. Lippitt (Republican) 44.12% Frederick Hurst (Socialist) 2.25% Frank J. Sibley (Prohibition) 0.51% Peter McDermott (Socialist Labor) 0.19%[26]
Tennessee	Luke Lea	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected.[25] Democratic hold.	Y Kenneth McKellar (Democratic) 54.42% Ben W. Hooper (Republican) 44.75% H. H. Mangum (Socialist) 0.83%
Texas	Charles Allen Culberson	Democratic	1899 1905 1911	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Charles Allen Culberson (Democratic) 81.3% Alex Atcheson (Republican) 13.09% F. A. Hickey (Socialist) 4.99% F. H. Combeau (Prohibition) 0.62%[27]
Utah	George Sutherland	Republican	1905 1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Y William H. King (Democratic) 56.92% George Sutherland (Republican) 39.93% Christian Poulson (Socialist) 3.16%[28]
Vermont	Carroll S. Page	Republican	1908 (Special) 1910	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Carroll S. Page (Republican) 74.41% Oscar C. Miller (Democratic) 23.5% Norman Greenslet (Socialist) 2.1%[29]
Virginia	Claude A. Swanson	Democratic	1910 (Appointed) 1911 (Appointed) 1912 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Claude A. Swanson (Democratic) Unopposed[30]
Washington	Miles Poindexter	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Miles Poindexter (Republican) 55.39% George Turner (Democratic) 37.06% Bruce Rogers (Socialist) 5.95% Joseph Campbell (Prohibition) 1.21% Walter J. Thompson (Progressive) 0.4%[31]
West Virginia	William E. Chilton	Democratic	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	Y Howard Sutherland (Republican) 50.14% William E. Chilton (Democratic) 48.17% G. A. Gneiser (Socialist) 1.7%[32]
Wisconsin	Robert M. La Follette, Sr.	Republican	1905 1911	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 59.23% William F. Wolfe (Democratic) 31.9% Richard Elsner (Socialist) 6.85% Charles L. Hill (Prohibition) 2.02%[33]
Wyoming	Clarence D. Clark	Republican	1911	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Y John B. Kendrick (Democratic) 51.47% Clarence D. Clark (Republican) 45.47% Paul Paulsen (Socialist) 2.61% Arthur B. Campbell (Prohibition) 0.45%[34]

Arizona

Arkansas (Special)

Senator William F. Kirby

Three-term Democratic Senate President pro tempore James Paul Clarke died October 1, 1916.

Democrat William F. Kirby was elected November 7, 1916 to finish the term. He served only the rest of this term, losing renomination in 1920.

California

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Indiana

Indiana senators

James Eli Watson, winner of the class 3 special election

Harry Stewart New, winner of the class 1 regular election

There were two elections held November 7, 1916 due to a vacancy.

Indiana (Special)

Two-term Democrat Benjamin F. Shively was re-elected in 1914 but died March 14, 1916. Democrat Thomas Taggart was appointed March 20, 1916 to continue the term until a November 7, 1916 special election. Taggart lost the special election to Republican James Eli Watson.

Watson would finish out the term, be re-elected twice, and serve until his 1932 re-election loss.

Indiana (Regular)

One-term Democrat John W. Kern was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Harry Stewart New.

New served only until losing renomination in 1922.

Maine

Maine senators

Bert M. Fernald, winner of the class 2 special election

Frederick Hale, winner of the class 1 regular election

There were two elections due to a vacancy. Both elections were held September 11, 1916, as Maine routinely held its annual elections in September at the time.

Maine (Special)

One-term Republican Edwin C. Burleigh was elected in 1913, and died June 16, 1916. Republican Bert M. Fernald was elected September 12, 1916 to finish the term.

Fernand would later be re-elected twice and serve until his 1926 death.

Maine (Regular)

One-term Democrat Charles Fletcher Johnson was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Frederick Hale.

Hale would later be re-elected three times and serve until his 1935 retirement.

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Dakota

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Notes

References

"ME US Senate - Special Election Race - September 11, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"AR US Senate Special Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"IN US Senate - Special Election Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"AZ US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"CA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"CT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"DE US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"FL US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"IN US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"ME US Senate Race - September 11, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"MD US Senate - D Primary Race - May 1, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"MD US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"MA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"MN US Senate - R Primary Race - June 19, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"MN US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"MS US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"MO US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"MT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"NE US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"NV US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"NJ US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"NM US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"ND US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"OH US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"PA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"RI US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"TX US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"UT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"VT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"VA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"WA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"WV US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"WI US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"WY US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

"United States Senate" – via Senate.gov.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] September 11, 1916 in Maine

[2] s Democratic Conference Chairman

[3] s Republican Conference Chairman

[4] "ME US Senate - Special Election Race - September 11, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[5] "AR US Senate Special Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[6] "IN US Senate - Special Election Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[7] "AZ US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[8] "CA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[9] "CT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[10] "DE US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[11] "FL US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[12] "IN US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[13] "ME US Senate Race - September 11, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[14] "MD US Senate - D Primary Race - May 1, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[15] "MD US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[ourcampaigns1-16] "MA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[17] "MN US Senate - R Primary Race - June 19, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[18] "MN US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[19] "MS US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[20] "MO US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[21] "MT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[22] "NE US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[23] "NV US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[24] "NJ US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[25] "NM US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[26] "ND US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[27] "OH US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[ourcampaigns2-28] "PA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[29] "RI US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[30] "TX US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[31] "UT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[32] "VT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[33] "VA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[34] "WA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[35] "WV US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[36] "WI US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[37] "WY US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.