2010 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2010.

Important taxa described (but not necessarily validly named) in 2010

Molluscs

Newly named bivalves

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Emiliodonta[2]	Gen nov	valid	Sánchez	Caradoc	Don Braulio Formation	Argentina	Replacement name for Emiliania Sánchez, 1999 preoccupied by Emiliania Hay & Mohler, 1967

Arthropods

Fishes

Amphibians

Newly named amphibians

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Deltaherpeton[3]	Valid	Bolt Lombard	Late Viséan		USA	A colosteid.
Fedexia[4]	Valid	Berman Henrici et al.[CAL 1]	Gzhelian	Casselman Formation	USA	A trematopid genus currently among the oldest known vertebrates with a primarily terrestrial lifestyle.
Hungarobatrachus[5]	Valid	Szentesi Venczel	Santonian	Csehbánya Formation	Hungary	Advanced frog.
Madygenerpeton[6]	Valid	Schoch Voigt Buchwitz	Middle/Upper Triassic	Madygen Formation	Kyrgyzstan	A chroniosuchid reptiliomorph.
Pelobates fahlbuschi[7]	Valid	Böhme	Miocene		Germany	A European spadefoot toad.

Basal reptiles

Newly named basal reptiles

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Microleter[8]	Valid	Tsuji Muller Reisz	Lower Permian		USA	A basal parareptile. The species is M. mckinzieorum.
Phonodus[9]	Valid	Modesto Scott et al.[CAL 2]	Induan (early Triassic)	Katberg Formation	South Africa	The earliest known leptopleuronine procolophonid.
Reiszorhinus[10]	Valid	Sumida Dodick et al.[CAL 3]	Lower Permian	Waggoner Ranch Formation	USA	A basal captorhinid. The species is Reiszorhinus olsoni.

Ichthyopterygians

Newly named ichthyopterygians

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Arthropterygius[11]	Valid	Maxwell		Queen Elizabeth Islands	Canada	A new genus for "Ophthalmosaurus" chirsorum (Russell, 1993).
Athabascasaurus[12]	Valid	Druckenmiller Maxwell	Lower Albian	Clearwater Formation	Canada	The most complete and stratigraphically oldest known ichthyosaur from the Cretaceous of North America.
Barracudasauroides[13]	Valid	Maisch	Middle Triassic	Guanling Formation	China	A new genus for "Mixosaurus" panxianensis (Jiang, Schmitz, Hao & Sun, 2006).
Mixosaurus xindianensis[14]	Valid	Chen Cheng	Middle Triassic	Guanling Formation	China
Omphalosaurus merriami[13]	Valid	Maisch	Early Triassic	Sticky Keep Formation	Norway	A species of a possible ichthyopterygian genus Omphalosaurus.

Lepidosauromorphs

Newly named plesiosaurs

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Alexeyisaurus[15]	Valid	Sennikov Arkhangelsky	Norian	Wilczek Formation	Russia	A new elasmosaurid
Meyerasaurus[16]	Valid	Smith Vincent	Lower Toarcian	Posidonia Shale	Germany	A pliosaur, a new genus for "Plesiosaurus" victor (Fraas, 1910).	Meyerasaurus victor

Newly named basal lepidosaurs

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Cargninia[17]	Valid	Bonaparte Schultz et al.[CAL 4]	Carnian - Norian	Caturrita Formation	Brazil	A basal lepidosaur.

Newly named lizards

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Adriosaurus skrbinensis[18]	Valid	Caldwell Palci	Late Cenomanian	Skrbina	Slovenia
Bavaricordylus molassicus[7]	Valid	Böhme	Miocene (late Karpatian)		Germany	A cordylid, a species of Bavaricordylus.
Headonhillia[19]	Valid	Klembara Green	Late Eocene, Ludian (Priabonian)	Bembridge Limestone Formation	England	An anguine lizard. The species is H. parva.
Heloderma welcommei[20]	Valid	Herman Van Den Eeckhaut	Eocene		Belgium	An anguimorph lizard. Herman and Van Den Eeckhaut (2010) consider it to be a species of Heloderma (though the authors define the genus Heloderma more broadly than most herpetologists, and explicitly synonymize the glyptosaurine genus Placosaurus with it).[20]
Kleskunsaurus[21]	Valid	Nydam Caldwell Fanti	Upper Campanian	Wapiti Formation	Canada	A scincomorph lizard. The species is K. grandeprairiensis.
Liushusaurus[22]	Valid	Evans Wang	Lower Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	A scincogekkonomorph lizard. The species is L. acanthocaudata.
Pedrerasaurus[23]	Valid	Bolet Evans	Early Cretaceous (late Berriasian-early Valanginan)	Montsec's Formation (ca)	Spain	A scincogekkonomorph lizard. The species is P. latifrontalis.
Tropidophorus bavaricus[7]	Valid	Böhme	Miocene (late Karpatian)		Germany	A lygosomine skink, a species of Tropidophorus.
Varanus debiei[20]	Valid	Herman Van Den Eeckhaut	Eocene		Belgium	A monitor lizard.

Newly named snakes

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Colombophis spinosus[24]	Valid	Hsiou, Albino & Ferigolo	Late Miocene	Solimões Formation	Brazil	An alethinophidian snake, a species of Colombophis.
Kelyophis[25]	Valid	Laduke Krause Scanlon Kley	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Maevarano Formation	Madagascar	A nigerophiid snake
Menarana[25]	Valid	Laduke Krause Scanlon Kley	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Maevarano Formation	Madagascar	A madtsoiid snake
Micronatrix[26]	Valid	Parmley & Hunter	Late Miocene (Clarendonian)		United States	A natricine colubrid snake. The type species is Micronatrix juliescottae.
Sanajeh[27]	Valid	Wilson Mohabey et al.[CAL 5]	Maastrichtian	Lameta Formation	India	A madtsoiid snake which preyed on hatchling sauropods.	Model of Sanajeh in a titanosaur nest

Turtles

Newly named turtles

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Cerrejonemys[28]	Valid	Cadena Bloch Jaramillo	Paleocene	Cerrejón Formation	Colombia
Chupacabrachelys[29]	Valid	Lehman Wick	Campanian	Aguja Formation	USA	A taphrosphyini bothremydid
Gamerabaena[30]	Valid	Lyson Joyce	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Hell Creek Formation	USA
Itilochelys[31]	Valid	Danilov Averianov Yarkov	Danian	Beryozovaya beds	Russia
Jiangxichelys[32]	Valid	Tong Mo	Late Cretaceous	Ganzhou	China	A nanhsiungchelyid turtle.
Liaochelys[33]	Valid	Zhou	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A macrobaenid turtle.
Mexichelys[34]	Valid	Parham Pyenson	Late Campanian	Cerro del Pueblo Formation	Mexico	A sea turtle. A new genus for "Euclastes" coahuilaensis (Brinkman et al., 2009).[35]
Pacifichelys[34]	Valid	Parham Pyenson	Miocene		Peru USA	A sea turtle.
Pangshura tatrotia[36]	Valid	Joyce Lyson	Pliocene	Tatrot Formation	Pakistan	A species of Pangshura.
"Trionyx" kansaiensis[37]	Valid	Vitek & Danilov	Late Cretaceous		Kazakhstan Tajikistan	A trionychid with unclear systematic position, a species of Trionyx sensu lato.

Archosauromorphs

Newly named basal archosauromorphs

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Azendohsaurus madagaskarensis[38]	Valid	Flynn Nesbitt et al.[CAL 6]	Ladinian/Carnian	Makay Formation	Madagascar	A basal archosauromorph.
Bentonyx[39]	Valid	Langer Montefeltro et al.[CAL 7]	Middle Triassic	Otter Sandstone Formation	England	A rhynchosaur.
Koilamasuchus[40]	Valid	Ezcurra Lecuona Martinelli	Early Triassic	Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation	Argentina	The best-known basal archosauriform from South America.
Megalancosaurus endennae[41]	Valid	Renesto Spielmann et al.[CAL 8]	Alaunian (early Norian)	Zorzino Limestone Formation	Italy	A drepanosaurid that is known from MBSN 25, a partial skeleton (Partial postcranial skeleton).
Teyumbaita[42]	Valid	Montefeltro Langer Schultz	Late Triassic	Caturrita Formation Ischigualasto Formation[43]	Argentina Brazil	A rhynchosaur. A new genus for "Scaphonyx" sulcognathus (Azevedo & Schultz, 1987).
Uatchitodon schneideri[44]	Valid	Mitchell Heckert Sues	Late Triassic	Cumnock Formation Bluewater Creek Formation	USA	A venomous archosauriform known only from isolated teeth.
Vallesaurus zorzinensis[41]	Valid	Renesto Spielmann et al.[CAL 8]	Alaunian (early Norian)	Zorzino Limestone Formation	Italy	A basal drepanosauromorph that is known from MCSNB 4783, a set of vertebrae and hindlimbs.

Archosaurs

Synapsids

Newly named non-mammalian synapsids

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Beishanodon[45]	Valid	Gao Fox et al.[CAL 9]	Lower Triassic	Hongyanjing Formation	China	A eucynodont. The type species is Beishanodon youngi.
Chiniquodon kalanoro[46]	Valid	Kammerer Flynn et al.[CAL 10]	Middle Triassic? (Ladinian or Carnian)	Makay Formation	Madagascar	A cynodont.	Chiniquodon skull
Kombuisia antarctica[47]	Valid	Fröbisch Angiekczyk Sidor	Early Triassic (Induan)	Fremouw Formation	Antarctica	A dicynodont.
Minicynodon[17]	Valid	Bonaparte Schultz et al.[CAL 4]	Carnian - Norian	Caturrita Formation	Brazil	A brasilodontid cynodont.
Prosictodon[48]	Valid	Angielczyk Rubidge	Middle Permian	Abrahamskraal formation	South Africa	A pylaecephalid dicynodont. The type species is Prosictodon dubei.
Trucidocynodon[49]	Valid	Oliveira Soares Schultz	Upper Triassic	Santa Maria Formation	Brazil	A cynodont. The type species is Trucidocynodon riograndensis.

Mammals

Other animals

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Pywackia[50]	Valid	Landing in Landing, English & Keppie	Late Cambrian	Tiñu Formation	Mexico	An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement; it might be a bryozoan[50][51] or an octocoral.[52] The type species is Pywackia baileyi.

Plants

Angiosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Cornus piggae[53]	Sp nov	Valid	Manchester, Xiang, and Xiang	Tiffanian	Sentinel Butte Formation, North Dakota	USA	Oldest member of Cornus subgenus Cornus.
Hymenaea allendis[54]	sp nov	Valid	Calvillo-Canadell, Cevallos-Ferriz & Rico-Arce	Late Oligocene - Early Miocene	Mexican amber	Mexico	Second Hymenaea sp. from Mexican amber
Ploufolia[55]	Gen. nov.	Valid	Sender et al.	Albian	Utrillas Formation	Spain
Sagaria[56]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Bravia, Barone Lumagab, & Mickle	Middle Albian	Monti Alburni, near Petina	Italy
Solaranthus[57]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Shaolin Zheng & Xin Wang	Middle Jurassic	Jiulongshan Formation	China	An early flowering plant.
Xingxueanthus[58]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Xin Wang & Shijun Wang	Middle Jurassic	Haifanggou Formation	China	An early flowering plant.

Footnotes

Complete author list

As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.

Berman, Henrici, Brezinski, Kollar.
Modesto, Scott, Botha-Brink, Reisz.
Sumida, Dodick, Metcalf, Albright.
Bonaparte, Schultz, Soares, Martinelli.
Wilson, Mohabey, Peters, Head.
Flynn, Nesbitt, Parrish, Ranivoharimanana, Wyss.
Langer, Montefeltro, Hone, Whatley, Schultz.
Renesto, Spielmann, Lucas, Tarditi Spagnoli.
Gao, Fox, Zhou, Li.
Kammerer, Flynn, Ranivoharimanana, Wyss.

References

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Rainer R. Schoch; Sebastian Voigt; Michael Buchwitz (2010). "A chroniosuchid from the Triassic of Kyrgyzstan and analysis of chroniosuchian relationships". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 160 (3): 515–530. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00613.x.
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Modesto, S.P.; Scott, D.M.; Botha-Brink, J. & Reisz, R.R. (2010). "A new and unusual procolophonid parareptile from the Lower Triassic Katberg Formation of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 715–723. doi:10.1080/02724631003758003. S2CID 84563475.
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Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Erin E. Maxwell (2010). "A new Lower Cretaceous (lower Albian) ichthyosaur genus from the Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 47 (8): 1037–1053. Bibcode:2010CaJES..47.1037D. doi:10.1139/E10-028. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
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José Fernando Bonaparte; César Leandro Schultz; Marina Bento Soares; Agustín G. Martinelli (2010). "La Fauna local de faxinal do soturno, Triasico tardio de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 13 (3): 233–246. doi:10.4072/rbp.2010.3.07.
Michael W. Caldwell; Alessandro Palci (2010). "A new species of marine ophidiomorph lizard, Adriosaurus skrbinensis, from the Upper Cretaceous of Slovenia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 747–755. doi:10.1080/02724631003762963. S2CID 85570665.
Jozef Klembara; Bryony Green (2010). "Anguimorph lizards (Squamata, Anguimorpha) from the Middle and Late Eocene of the Hampshire Basin of southern England". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 97–129. doi:10.1080/14772011003603531. S2CID 128699883.
Jacques Herman; Guy Van Den Eeckhaut (2010). "Inventaire systématique des Invertebrata, Vertebrata, Plantae et Fungi des Sables de Bruxelles à Zaventem" (PDF). Geominpal Belgica Découvertes Géologiques, Minéralogiques et Paléontologiques en Belgique. 1: 32–64. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-17. Retrieved 2014-06-07.
Randall L. Nydam; Michael W. Caldwell; Federico Fanti (2010). "Borioteiioidean lizard skulls from Kleskun Hill (Wapiti Formation; upper Campanian), west-central Alberta, Canada". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (4): 1090–1099. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.483539. S2CID 128403651.
Susan E. Evans; Yuan Wang (2010). "A new lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) with exquisite preservation of soft tissue from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 81–95. doi:10.1080/14772010903537773. S2CID 56046960.
Arnau Bolet; Susan E. Evans (2010). "A new lizard from the early cretaceous of catalonia (Spain), and the mesozoic lizards of the iberian peninsula". Cretaceous Research. 31 (4): 447–457. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.06.002.
Annie S. Hsiou; Adriana M. Albino; Jorge Ferigolo (2010). "Reappraisal of the South American Miocene snakes of the genus Colombophis, with description of a new species". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 55 (3): 365–379. doi:10.4202/app.2009.1111.
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Haiyan Tong; Jinyou Mo (2010). "Jiangxichelys, a new nanhsiungchelyid turtle from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China". Geological Magazine. 147 (6): 981–986. Bibcode:2010GeoM..147..981T. doi:10.1017/S0016756810000671. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
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DONALD BRINKMAN; MARTHA CAROLINA AQUILLON-MARTINEZ; CLAUDIO ARTURO DE LEON DÁVILA; HEATHER JAMNICZKY; DAVID A. EBERTH & MATTHEW COLBERT (2010). "Euclastes coahuilaensis sp. nov., a basal cheloniid turtle from the late Campanian Cerro del Pueblo Formation of Coahuila State, Mexico". Journal of Paleontology. 28 (3): 76–88. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
Walter G. Joyce; Tyler R. Lyson (2010). "Pangshura tatrotia, a new species of pond turtle (Testudinoidea) from the Pliocene Siwaliks of Pakistan". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (3): 449–458. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.500879. S2CID 54803213.
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Max C. Langer; Felipe C. Montefeltro; David E. Hone; Robin Whatley; Cesar L. Schultz (2010). "On Fodonyx spenceri and a new rhynchosaur from the Middle Triassic of Devon". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (6): 1884–1888. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.521901. S2CID 53405231.
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Silvio Renesto; Justin A. Spielmann; Spencer G. Lucas; Giorgio Tarditi Spagnoli (2010). "The taxonomy and paleobiology of the Late Triassic (Carnian-Norian: Adamanian-Apachean) drepanosaurs (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha: Drepanosauromorpha)". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 46: 1–81.
Felipe Chinaglia Montefeltro; Max Cardoso Langer; Cesar Leandro Schultz (2010). "Cranial anatomy of a new genus of hyperodapedontine rhynchosaur (Diapsida, Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil" (PDF). Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 101: 27–52. doi:10.1017/S1755691010009060. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
Julia B. Desojo; Lucas E. Fiorelli; Martín D. Ezcurra; Agustín G. Martinelli; Jahandar Ramezani; Átila. A. S. Da Rosa; M. Belén von Baczko; M. Jimena Trotteyn; Felipe C. Montefeltro; Miguel Ezpeleta; Max C. Langer (2020). "The Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation at Cerro Las Lajas (La Rioja, Argentina): fossil tetrapods, high-resolution chronostratigraphy, and faunal correlations". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): Article number 12782. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67854-1. PMC 7391656. PMID 32728077.
Mitchell, Jonathan S.; Heckert, Andrew B. & Sues, Hans-Dieter (2010). "Grooves to tubes: evolution of the venom delivery system in a Late Triassic "reptile"". Naturwissenschaften. 97 (12): 1117–1121. Bibcode:2010NW.....97.1117M. doi:10.1007/s00114-010-0729-0. PMID 21060984. S2CID 10093308.
Gao, K.; Fox, R.C.; Zhou, C.-F.; Li, D.-Q. (2010). "A new nonmammalian eucynodont (Synapsida, Therapsida) from the Triassic of northern Gansu Province, China, and its biostratigraphic and biogeographic implications". American Museum Novitates. 3685: 24p. doi:10.1206/649.1. hdl:2246/6069. S2CID 85789838.
Christian F. Kammerer; John J. Flynn; Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana; André R. Wyss (2010). "The first record of a probainognathian (Cynodontia: Chiniquodontidae) from the Triassic of Madagascar". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (6): 1889–1894. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.520784. S2CID 85868922.
Jörg Fröbisch; Kenneth D. Angielczyk; Christian A. Sidor (2010). "The Triassic dicynodont Kombuisia (Synapsida, Anomodontia) from Antarctica, a refuge from the terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinction". Naturwissenschaften. 97 (2): 187–196. Bibcode:2010NW.....97..187F. doi:10.1007/s00114-009-0626-6. PMID 19956920. S2CID 20557454.
Kenneth D. Angielczyk; Bruce S. Rubidge (2010). "A new pylaecephalid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, Middle Permian of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (5): 1396–1409. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.501447. S2CID 129846697.
Oliveira, T.V.; Soares, M.B.; Schultz, C.L. (2010). "Trucidocynodon riograndensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Eucynodontia), a new cynodont from the Brazilian Upper Triassic (Santa Maria Formation)". Zootaxa. 2382: 1–71. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2382.1.1. S2CID 86916094.
Ed Landing; Adam English & John D. Keppie (2010). "Cambrian origin of all skeletalized metazoan phyla—Discovery of Earth's oldest bryozoans (Upper Cambrian, southern Mexico)". Geology. 38 (6): 547–550. Bibcode:2010Geo....38..547L. doi:10.1130/G30870.1.
Ed Landing; Jonathan B. Antcliffe; Martin D. Brasier; Adam B. English (2015). "Distinguishing Earth's oldest known bryozoan (Pywackia, late Cambrian) from pennatulacean octocorals (Mesozoic—Recent)". Journal of Paleontology. 89 (2): 292–317. doi:10.1017/jpa.2014.26. S2CID 131609198.
Paul D. Taylor; Björn Berning & Mark A. Wilson (2013). "Reinterpretation of the Cambrian 'bryozoan' Pywackia as an octocoral". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (6): 984–990. doi:10.1666/13-029. S2CID 129113026.
Manchester, S.R.; Xiang, X-P.; Xiang, Q-Y (2010). "Fruits of Cornelian Cherries (Cornaceae: Cornus Subg. Cornus) in the Paleocene and Eocene of the Northern Hemisphere" (PDF). International Journal of Plant Sciences. 171 (8): 882–891. doi:10.1086/655771.
Calvillo-Canadell, L.; Cevallos-Ferriz, S.R.S.; Rico-Arce, L. (2010). "Miocene Hymenaea flowers preserved in amber from Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas, Mexico". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 160 (3–4): 126–134. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.02.007.
Sender, L.M.; Gomez, B.; Diez, J.B.; Coiffard, C.; Martín-Closas, C.; Villanueva-Amadoz, U.; Ferrer, J. (2010). "Ploufolia cerciforme gen. et comb. nov.: Aquatic angiosperm leaves from the Upper Albian of north-eastern Spain". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 161 (1–2): 77–86. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.03.001.
Sergio Bravia; Maria Rosaria Barone Lumagab; James E. Mickle (2010). "Sagaria cilentana gen. et sp. nov.-A New Angiosperm Fructification from the Middle Albian of Southern Italy". Cretaceous Research. 31 (3): 285–290. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.12.001.
Shaolin ZHENG; Xin WANG (2010). "An Undercover Angiosperm from the Jurassic of China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 895–902. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00252.x.
Xin WANG; Shijun WANG (2010). "Xingxueanthus: An Enigmatic Jurassic Seed Plant and Its Implications for the Origin of Angiospermy". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (1): 47–55. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00169.x.

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[Fedexia-authors-5] Berman, Henrici, Brezinski, Kollar.

[Phonodus-authors-11] Modesto, Scott, Botha-Brink, Reisz.

[Reiszorhinus-authors-13] Sumida, Dodick, Metcalf, Albright.

[cargninia&minicynodon-authors-21] Bonaparte, Schultz, Soares, Martinelli.

[sanajeh-authors-32] Wilson, Mohabey, Peters, Head.

[a.madagaskarensis-authors-44] Flynn, Nesbitt, Parrish, Ranivoharimanana, Wyss.

[bentonyx-authors-46] Langer, Montefeltro, Hone, Whatley, Schultz.

[drepano2010-authors-49] Renesto, Spielmann, Lucas, Tarditi Spagnoli.

[beishanodon-authors-54] Gao, Fox, Zhou, Li.

[chiniquodonkalanoro-authors-56] Kammerer, Flynn, Ranivoharimanana, Wyss.

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Sánchez2010-2] Sánchez, T.M. (2010). "Emiliodonta, New Name for Emiliania Sánchez, 1999, Not Emiliania Hay and Mohlen, 1967". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (4): 781. doi:10.1666/10-023.1. S2CID 84229307.

[BoltLombard10-3] John R. Bolt; R. Eric Lombard (2010). "Deltaherpeton hiemstrae, a New Colosteid Tetrapod from the Mississippian of Iowa". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (6): 1135–1151. doi:10.1666/10-020.1. S2CID 83774501.

[BHBK10-4] Berman, D.S.; Henrici, A.C.; Brezinski, D.K. & Kollar, A.D. (2010). "A new trematopid amphibian (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the Upper Pennsylvanian of western Pennsylvania: earliest record of terrestrial vertebrates responding to a warmer, drier climate" (PDF). Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 78 (4): 289–318. doi:10.2992/007.078.0401. S2CID 85974488. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2011.

[hungarobatrachus-6] Zoltán Szentesi; Márton Venczel (2010). "An advanced anuran from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) of Hungary" (PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 256 (3): 291–302. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0054. Retrieved 12 February 2011.

[MadygenerSchoch-7] Rainer R. Schoch; Sebastian Voigt; Michael Buchwitz (2010). "A chroniosuchid from the Triassic of Kyrgyzstan and analysis of chroniosuchian relationships". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 160 (3): 515–530. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00613.x.

[PZectothermicvertebrates-8] Madelaine Böhme (2010). "Ectothermic vertebrates (Actinopterygii, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (Germany, Bavaria) and their implications for environment reconstruction and palaeoclimate". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 84 (1): 3–41. doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0050-4. S2CID 130044044.

[Tsuji2010-9] Linda A. Tsuji; Johannes Muller; Robert R. Reisz (2010). "Microleter mckinzieorum gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma: the basalmost parareptile from Laurasia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (2): 245–255. doi:10.1080/14772010903461099. S2CID 129529082.

[Metal10-10] Modesto, S.P.; Scott, D.M.; Botha-Brink, J. & Reisz, R.R. (2010). "A new and unusual procolophonid parareptile from the Lower Triassic Katberg Formation of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 715–723. doi:10.1080/02724631003758003. S2CID 84563475.

[Sumida2010-12] Sumida, S.S.; Dodick, J.; Metcalf, A. & Albright, G. (2010). "Reiszorhinus olsoni, a new single-tooth-rowed captorhinid reptile of the Lower Permian of Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 704–714. doi:10.1080/02724631003758078. S2CID 31500853.

[Maxwell-14] Maxwell, E. E (2010). "Generic reassignment of an ichthyosaur from the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Northwest Territories, Canada". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 403–415. doi:10.1080/02724631003617944. S2CID 85143039.

[DM10-15] Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Erin E. Maxwell (2010). "A new Lower Cretaceous (lower Albian) ichthyosaur genus from the Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 47 (8): 1037–1053. Bibcode:2010CaJES..47.1037D. doi:10.1139/E10-028. Retrieved 14 January 2011.

[Maisch2010-16] Michael W. Maisch (2010). "Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria – the state of the art" (PDF). Palaeodiversity. 3: 151–214. Retrieved 14 January 2011.

[Mixosaurusspnov-17] Chen Xiao-hong; Cheng Long (2010). "A new species of Mixosaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Middle Triassic of Pu'an, Guizhou, China". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica (2): 251–260.

[Sennikov2010-18] A. G. Sennikov; M. S. Arkhangelsky (2010). "On a Typical Jurassic Sauropterygian from the Upper Triassic of Wilczek Land (Franz Josef Land, Arctic Russia)". Paleontological Journal. 44 (5): 567–572. doi:10.1134/S0031030110050126. S2CID 88505507.

[Smith2010-19] Adam S. Smith; Peggy Vincent (2010). "A new genus of pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany". Palaeontology. 53 (5): 1049–1063. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x.

[BonaparteFauna-20] José Fernando Bonaparte; César Leandro Schultz; Marina Bento Soares; Agustín G. Martinelli (2010). "La Fauna local de faxinal do soturno, Triasico tardio de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 13 (3): 233–246. doi:10.4072/rbp.2010.3.07.

[Caldwell2010-22] Michael W. Caldwell; Alessandro Palci (2010). "A new species of marine ophidiomorph lizard, Adriosaurus skrbinensis, from the Upper Cretaceous of Slovenia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 747–755. doi:10.1080/02724631003762963. S2CID 85570665.

[Klembara2010-23] Jozef Klembara; Bryony Green (2010). "Anguimorph lizards (Squamata, Anguimorpha) from the Middle and Late Eocene of the Hampshire Basin of southern England". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 97–129. doi:10.1080/14772011003603531. S2CID 128699883.

[SablesdeBruxelles-24] Jacques Herman; Guy Van Den Eeckhaut (2010). "Inventaire systématique des Invertebrata, Vertebrata, Plantae et Fungi des Sables de Bruxelles à Zaventem" (PDF). Geominpal Belgica Découvertes Géologiques, Minéralogiques et Paléontologiques en Belgique. 1: 32–64. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-17. Retrieved 2014-06-07.

[Nydam2010-25] Randall L. Nydam; Michael W. Caldwell; Federico Fanti (2010). "Borioteiioidean lizard skulls from Kleskun Hill (Wapiti Formation; upper Campanian), west-central Alberta, Canada". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (4): 1090–1099. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.483539. S2CID 128403651.

[Evans&Wang2010-26] Susan E. Evans; Yuan Wang (2010). "A new lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) with exquisite preservation of soft tissue from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 81–95. doi:10.1080/14772010903537773. S2CID 56046960.

[Boleta2010-27] Arnau Bolet; Susan E. Evans (2010). "A new lizard from the early cretaceous of catalonia (Spain), and the mesozoic lizards of the iberian peninsula". Cretaceous Research. 31 (4): 447–457. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.06.002.

[28] Annie S. Hsiou; Adriana M. Albino; Jorge Ferigolo (2010). "Reappraisal of the South American Miocene snakes of the genus Colombophis, with description of a new species". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 55 (3): 365–379. doi:10.4202/app.2009.1111.

[Laduke-29] Laduke, T.C.; Krause, D.W.; Scanlon, J.D. & Kley, N.J. (2010). "A Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) snake assemblage from the Maevarano Formation, Mahajanga Basin, Madagascar". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (1): 109–138. doi:10.1080/02724630903409188.

[30] Dennis Parmley; Katie Beth Hunter (2010). "Fossil Snakes of the Clarendonian (Late Miocene) Pratt Slide Local Fauna of Nebraska, with the Description of a New Natricine Colubrid". Journal of Herpetology. 44 (4): 525–543. doi:10.1670/09-248.1. S2CID 86633027.

[Wetal10-31] Wilson, J.A.; Mohabey, D.M.; Peters, S.E. & Head, J.J. (2010). Benton, Michael J. (ed.). "Predation upon Hatchling Dinosaurs by a New Snake from the Late Cretaceous of India". PLOS Biology. 8 (3): e1000322. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000322. PMC 2830453. PMID 20209142.

[Cerrejonemys-33] Cadena, Edwin; Bloch, Jonathan; Jaramillo, Carlos (2010). "New podocnemidid turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira) from the middle-upper Paleocene of South America". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 367–382. doi:10.1080/02724631003621946. S2CID 84315151.

[LehmanWick-34] Thomas M. Lehman; Steven L. Wick (2010). "Chupacabrachelys complexus, n. gen. n. sp. (Testudines: Bothremydidae), from the Aguja Formation (Campanian) of West Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (6): 1709–1725. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.520782. S2CID 129303574.

[35] Lyson, T.R.; Joyce, W.G. (2010). "A new baenid turtle from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation of North Dakota and a preliminary taxonomic review of Cretaceous Baenidae" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 394–402. doi:10.1080/02724631003618389. S2CID 89517022.

[36] Danilov, I.G.; Averianov, A.O. & Yarkov, A.A. (2010). "Itilochelys rasstrigini gen. et sp. nov., a new hard-shelled sea turtle (Cheloniidae sensu lato) from the Lower Palaeocene of Volgograd Province, Russia". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RSA. 314 (1): 24–41.

[TongMo-37] Haiyan Tong; Jinyou Mo (2010). "Jiangxichelys, a new nanhsiungchelyid turtle from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China". Geological Magazine. 147 (6): 981–986. Bibcode:2010GeoM..147..981T. doi:10.1017/S0016756810000671. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.

[ZhouLiaochelys-38] Chang-Fu Zhou (2010). "A new eucryptodiran turtle from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2676: 45–56. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2676.1.3. Retrieved 14 January 2011.

[Parham2010-39] James F. Parham; Nicholas D. Pyenson (2010). "New Sea Turtle from the Miocene of Peru and the Iterative Evolution of Feeding Ecomorphologies since the Cretaceous". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (2): 231–247. doi:10.1666/09-077R.1. S2CID 62811400.

[40] DONALD BRINKMAN; MARTHA CAROLINA AQUILLON-MARTINEZ; CLAUDIO ARTURO DE LEON DÁVILA; HEATHER JAMNICZKY; DAVID A. EBERTH & MATTHEW COLBERT (2010). "Euclastes coahuilaensis sp. nov., a basal cheloniid turtle from the late Campanian Cerro del Pueblo Formation of Coahuila State, Mexico". Journal of Paleontology. 28 (3): 76–88. Retrieved 14 January 2011.

[41] Walter G. Joyce; Tyler R. Lyson (2010). "Pangshura tatrotia, a new species of pond turtle (Testudinoidea) from the Pliocene Siwaliks of Pakistan". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (3): 449–458. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.500879. S2CID 54803213.

[42] Natasha S. Vitek; Igor G. Danilov (2010). "New Material and a Reassessment of Soft-Shelled Turtles (Trionychidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 383–393. doi:10.1080/02724631003617548. S2CID 83498792.

[Fetal10-43] Flynn, J.J.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Parrish, J.M.; Ranivoharimanana, L. & Wyss, A.R. (2010). "A new species of Azendohsaurus (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha) from the Triassic Isalo Group of southwestern Madagascar: cranium and mandible". Palaeontology. 53 (3): 669–688. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00954.x.

[Langeretal-45] Max C. Langer; Felipe C. Montefeltro; David E. Hone; Robin Whatley; Cesar L. Schultz (2010). "On Fodonyx spenceri and a new rhynchosaur from the Middle Triassic of Devon". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (6): 1884–1888. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.521901. S2CID 53405231.

[ELM10-47] Ezcurra, M.D.; Lecuona, A. & Martinelli, A. (2010). "A new basal archosauriform diapsid from the Lower Triassic of Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (5): 1433–1450. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.501446. S2CID 83826840.

[renesto2010-48] Silvio Renesto; Justin A. Spielmann; Spencer G. Lucas; Giorgio Tarditi Spagnoli (2010). "The taxonomy and paleobiology of the Late Triassic (Carnian-Norian: Adamanian-Apachean) drepanosaurs (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha: Drepanosauromorpha)". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 46: 1–81.

[Montefeltroetal-50] Felipe Chinaglia Montefeltro; Max Cardoso Langer; Cesar Leandro Schultz (2010). "Cranial anatomy of a new genus of hyperodapedontine rhynchosaur (Diapsida, Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil" (PDF). Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 101: 27–52. doi:10.1017/S1755691010009060. Retrieved 14 January 2011.

[51] Julia B. Desojo; Lucas E. Fiorelli; Martín D. Ezcurra; Agustín G. Martinelli; Jahandar Ramezani; Átila. A. S. Da Rosa; M. Belén von Baczko; M. Jimena Trotteyn; Felipe C. Montefeltro; Miguel Ezpeleta; Max C. Langer (2020). "The Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation at Cerro Las Lajas (La Rioja, Argentina): fossil tetrapods, high-resolution chronostratigraphy, and faunal correlations". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): Article number 12782. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67854-1. PMC 7391656. PMID 32728077.

[MHS10-52] Mitchell, Jonathan S.; Heckert, Andrew B. & Sues, Hans-Dieter (2010). "Grooves to tubes: evolution of the venom delivery system in a Late Triassic "reptile"". Naturwissenschaften. 97 (12): 1117–1121. Bibcode:2010NW.....97.1117M. doi:10.1007/s00114-010-0729-0. PMID 21060984. S2CID 10093308.

[53] Gao, K.; Fox, R.C.; Zhou, C.-F.; Li, D.-Q. (2010). "A new nonmammalian eucynodont (Synapsida, Therapsida) from the Triassic of northern Gansu Province, China, and its biostratigraphic and biogeographic implications". American Museum Novitates. 3685: 24p. doi:10.1206/649.1. hdl:2246/6069. S2CID 85789838.

[55] Christian F. Kammerer; John J. Flynn; Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana; André R. Wyss (2010). "The first record of a probainognathian (Cynodontia: Chiniquodontidae) from the Triassic of Madagascar". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (6): 1889–1894. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.520784. S2CID 85868922.

[57] Jörg Fröbisch; Kenneth D. Angielczyk; Christian A. Sidor (2010). "The Triassic dicynodont Kombuisia (Synapsida, Anomodontia) from Antarctica, a refuge from the terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinction". Naturwissenschaften. 97 (2): 187–196. Bibcode:2010NW.....97..187F. doi:10.1007/s00114-009-0626-6. PMID 19956920. S2CID 20557454.

[ar2010-58] Kenneth D. Angielczyk; Bruce S. Rubidge (2010). "A new pylaecephalid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, Middle Permian of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (5): 1396–1409. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.501447. S2CID 129846697.

[59] Oliveira, T.V.; Soares, M.B.; Schultz, C.L. (2010). "Trucidocynodon riograndensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Eucynodontia), a new cynodont from the Brazilian Upper Triassic (Santa Maria Formation)". Zootaxa. 2382: 1–71. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2382.1.1. S2CID 86916094.

[Pywackia-60] Ed Landing; Adam English & John D. Keppie (2010). "Cambrian origin of all skeletalized metazoan phyla—Discovery of Earth's oldest bryozoans (Upper Cambrian, southern Mexico)". Geology. 38 (6): 547–550. Bibcode:2010Geo....38..547L. doi:10.1130/G30870.1.

[61] Ed Landing; Jonathan B. Antcliffe; Martin D. Brasier; Adam B. English (2015). "Distinguishing Earth's oldest known bryozoan (Pywackia, late Cambrian) from pennatulacean octocorals (Mesozoic—Recent)". Journal of Paleontology. 89 (2): 292–317. doi:10.1017/jpa.2014.26. S2CID 131609198.

[62] Paul D. Taylor; Björn Berning & Mark A. Wilson (2013). "Reinterpretation of the Cambrian 'bryozoan' Pywackia as an octocoral". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (6): 984–990. doi:10.1666/13-029. S2CID 129113026.

[Manchester2010-63] Manchester, S.R.; Xiang, X-P.; Xiang, Q-Y (2010). "Fruits of Cornelian Cherries (Cornaceae: Cornus Subg. Cornus) in the Paleocene and Eocene of the Northern Hemisphere" (PDF). International Journal of Plant Sciences. 171 (8): 882–891. doi:10.1086/655771.

[Canadell2010-64] Calvillo-Canadell, L.; Cevallos-Ferriz, S.R.S.; Rico-Arce, L. (2010). "Miocene Hymenaea flowers preserved in amber from Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas, Mexico". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 160 (3–4): 126–134. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.02.007.

[Sender2010-65] Sender, L.M.; Gomez, B.; Diez, J.B.; Coiffard, C.; Martín-Closas, C.; Villanueva-Amadoz, U.; Ferrer, J. (2010). "Ploufolia cerciforme gen. et comb. nov.: Aquatic angiosperm leaves from the Upper Albian of north-eastern Spain". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 161 (1–2): 77–86. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.03.001.

[Bravia2010-66] Sergio Bravia; Maria Rosaria Barone Lumagab; James E. Mickle (2010). "Sagaria cilentana gen. et sp. nov.-A New Angiosperm Fructification from the Middle Albian of Southern Italy". Cretaceous Research. 31 (3): 285–290. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.12.001.

[Shaolin_ZHENG2010-67] Shaolin ZHENG; Xin WANG (2010). "An Undercover Angiosperm from the Jurassic of China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 895–902. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00252.x.

[Xin_WANG2010-68] Xin WANG; Shijun WANG (2010). "Xingxueanthus: An Enigmatic Jurassic Seed Plant and Its Implications for the Origin of Angiospermy". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (1): 47–55. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00169.x.