Allegiant Stadium

Allegiant Stadium is a domed stadium located in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It serves as the home stadium for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League, and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Rebels college football team. It is located on about 62 acres (25 ha) of land west of Mandalay Bay at Russell Road and Hacienda Avenue and between Polaris Avenue and Dean Martin Drive, just west of Interstate 15. Construction of the $1.9 billion stadium began on November 13, 2017, and its certificate of occupancy was issued on July 31, 2020.[11]

Allegiant Stadium
"The Death Star"[1]
Allegiant Stadium nearing completion, June 2020
Allegiant Stadium
Location in Clark County
Allegiant Stadium
Location in Nevada
Allegiant Stadium
Location in the United States
Former namesRaiders Stadium (early proposed renderings)
Las Vegas Stadium (planning/construction)
Address3333 Al Davis Way
LocationParadise, Nevada
Coordinates36°05′27″N 115°11′01″W
Public transit Las Vegas Monorail
at Mandalay Bay (proposed)
OwnerLas Vegas Stadium Authority
OperatorAEG Facilities[2]
Executive suites128[3]
CapacityFootball: 65,000
(expandable to 72,000)
Soccer: 61,000[4][5]
Acreage62 acres (25 ha)
SurfaceBermuda grass (Raiders)
FieldTurf (UNLV)
Construction
Broke groundNovember 13, 2017 (2017-11-13)
OpenedJuly 31, 2020 (2020-07-31)
Construction costUS$1.9 billion[6]
ArchitectMANICA Architecture
HNTB
Project managerICON Venue Group[7]
Structural engineerARUP[8]
Services engineerSmith Seckman Reid, Inc.[9]
General contractorMortenson Construction
McCarthy Construction[10]
Tenants
Las Vegas Raiders (NFL) (2020–present)
UNLV Rebels (NCAA) (2020–present)
Las Vegas Bowl (NCAA) (2021–present)
Website
allegiantstadium.com

Design

For Allegiant Stadium, Raiders owner Mark Davis retained the same architecture firm, MANICA Architecture, that had designed the previously proposed Carson Stadium near Los Angeles.[12][13] Davis retained much of the look from the Carson stadium because he "fell in love with the overall design of it".[14] Allegiant Stadium is a 10 level domed stadium featuring a ETFE roof, silver and black exterior with light up strips installed by YESCO, a 275 feet (84 m) media mesh video screen facing Interstate 15, and large retractable curtain-like side windows facing the Las Vegas Strip.[15] The north endzone area in front of the retractable windows contains a large torch that houses a flame in honor of Al Davis, the late long-time owner of the Raiders.[16] The torch is 85 feet (26 m) tall and is currently the largest 3D printed object in the world.[17]

The stadium has a roll-in natural bermuda grass field similar to the one at State Farm Stadium in Glendale, Arizona.[18] While the Raiders play on the grass field, UNLV prefers to play on an artificial turf surface. The artificial turf is placed directly on the stadium's concrete floor, and the tray holding the grass field is designed so that it can roll in and out without disrupting the turf underneath it.[19]

History

Planning and approval

In January 2016, reports emerged that Las Vegas Sands was considering developing a stadium in conjunction with Majestic Realty and UNLV, on a 42-acre (17 ha) site on Tropicana Avenue owned by UNLV.[20] UNLV had been in the market for a new stadium to replace Sam Boyd Stadium since at least 2011.[21] Raiders owner Mark Davis visited Las Vegas on January 29 to tour the site and meet with Sands chairman Sheldon Adelson and other local figures.[22] The Raiders, who had been trying to get a new stadium built for the team since the 1980s, had just missed out on relocating to Los Angeles that same month with the Rams and Chargers moving into a new stadium in Inglewood, California and were at an impasse in Oakland. In order for the team to relocate to Las Vegas, a new stadium was required, since Sam Boyd Stadium was undersized for the NFL and there were no other professional-caliber stadiums in Nevada.

On March 21, 2016, when asked about Las Vegas, Davis said, "I think the Raiders like the Las Vegas plan," and "it's a very very very intriguing and exciting plan." Davis also met with Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval about the stadium plan. On April 1, 2016, Davis met with UNLV officials and toured Sam Boyd Stadium to evaluate whether it could serve as a temporary home for the team.

On April 28, 2016, Davis said he wanted to move the Raiders to Las Vegas and pledged $500 million toward the construction of the proposed $2.4-billion domed stadium.[23][24] "Together we can turn the Silver State into the silver and black state," Davis said.[23][25]

In the spring of 2016, the board of directors of Las Vegas Sands rejected Adelson's stadium proposal. Adelson decided to move ahead with the stadium as an individual investment, pledging $650 million of his personal wealth to the project.[26]

The viability of the Tropicana Avenue site was called into serious question in June 2016, when Southwest Airlines objected to the location because its proximity to the northern end of one of McCarran Airport's runways could negatively affect the safety and capacity of air traffic at the airport.[27] The list of potential locations soon expanded to nine candidates, including the sites of the Wild Wild West casino, the Wynn golf course, the Riviera casino, the Las Vegas Festival Grounds, and Cashman Center.[28] By September, the list was narrowed to two possibilities: the Bali Hai Golf Club, south of Mandalay Bay, and a vacant lot on Russell Road, just west of Interstate 15.[29]

On August 25, 2016, the Raiders filed a trademark application for "Las Vegas Raiders" on the same day renderings of a proposed stadium design were released.[30] On September 15, 2016, the Southern Nevada Tourism Infrastructure Committee unanimously voted to recommend and approve $750 million for the Las Vegas stadium plan.[31]

Majestic Realty revealed in October 2016 that it had withdrawn from the stadium project.[32]

In October 2016, Sandoval called a special session of the Nevada Legislature to consider the stadium and other tourism-related proposals.[33] The funding bill for the stadium was approved by a 16–5 vote in the Senate and by 28–13 in the Assembly, and was signed into law by Sandoval on October 17.[34][35][36][37] The bill allowed Clark County to increase its hotel tax to raise the $750 million in funding.[38]

2015 view of the stadium site, adjacent to Mandalay Bay and Interstate 15.

The Raiders filed relocation papers on January 19 to move from Oakland to Las Vegas.[39] On January 26, 2017, the Raiders submitted a proposed lease agreement for the stadium. It was reported that the Raiders had selected the Russell Road site as the stadium location, the team would pay one dollar in rent, and that they could control the naming rights for both the stadium and plaza and in addition keep signage sponsorship revenue.[40]

Days after the Raiders' announced proposal, Adelson dropped out of the stadium project, pulling his proposed $650 million contribution.[41] Shortly after this announcement, Goldman Sachs, which had planned to finance part of the project, withdrew as well. As a result, the Raiders were expected to increase their contribution from $500 million to $1.15 billion.[42]

On March 6, the Raiders revealed Bank of America would lend $650 million to replace the Adelson portion of the funding.[43]

NFL owners voted to approve the move by a margin of 31–1 on March 27.[44][45][46] The next day, the Raiders and the Las Vegas Stadium Authority began accepting deposits for season tickets for the new stadium.[47] The Raiders announced that they planned to remain in Oakland until the stadium was complete.

The Raiders closed the purchase of the land for the stadium at the Russell Road site on May 1. The purchase price was reported at $77.5 million.[48] On May 11, it was announced that in a joint venture Mortenson Construction and McCarthy Construction would be the developers for the stadium. Mortenson previously worked on U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis. The stadium authority approved a stadium lease with the Raiders on May 18.[49] The lease was to be for 30 years with four successive extension options of five years each.[50]

Construction
Construction photo taken in July 2019.

On September 18, construction activity began on the stadium site with site preparation.[51] A groundbreaking ceremony was held on November 13.[52][53] The ceremony featured NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell, Raiders owner Mark Davis, his mother Carol Davis, various Raiders legends including Howie Long, Jim Plunkett, Tom Flores and Ray Guy, Las Vegas and Nevada politicians such as Governor Brian Sandoval, Las Vegas Mayor Carolyn Goodman, Clark County Commissioner Steve Sisolak and stadium authority head Steve Hill. The event was hosted by George Lopez and included other celebrities like Carlos Santana, longtime Vegas icon Wayne Newton and Howie Dorough and Nick Carter of the Backstreet Boys. It also featured a tribute to the victims of the nearby 2017 Las Vegas shooting, including a performance by Judith Hill and the Las Vegas House of Blues Gospel Choir performing ‘Rise up’ and the lighting of 58 beams of light, symbolizing the 58 victims killed in the attack.[54]

In January, construction crews began blasting caliche rock with dynamite to excavate and create the stadium bowl.[55]

On August 27, Clark County gave the stadium a new address, rechristening it from its original 5617 Dean Martin Drive address to 3333 Al Davis Way.[56]

It was announced on May 24, 2019, that 20 additional suites would be added to the stadium in the south end zone, with six suites on the main concourse and 14 suites in the lower suite level, one section above the main concourse. The suites were added in an effort to make the stadium more attractive for a Super Bowl.[57]

Opening and COVID-19 restrictions

Clark County officials declared that the stadium met its substantial completion date on July 31, 2020, meaning it could issue a certificate of occupancy and officially begin leasing the venue to the Las Vegas Raiders. Work would still continue, with the project closeout scheduled for October 2020.[58] The team held its first closed-door practice in the stadium on August 21, with Mark Davis nicknaming his team's new home "The Death Star".[59]

The opening of the stadium was complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada. The original opening event at the stadium was scheduled to be a Garth Brooks concert but the event was postponed to 2021 due to the pandemic.[60] In addition the entire 2020 NFL preseason was cancelled and the 2020 Mountain West Conference football season was delayed until October. With the start of the delayed MWC season, UNLV played games at a maximum capacity of 2,000 spectators, or 3% of the 65,000 capacity, with seating zones separated by 25 feet and seating no more than 250 people each.[61]

The Raiders did not admit spectators at any of their games during the 2020 season "based on our commitment to protect the health of our fans and the entire community". Davis publicly stated that he did not want to inhibit the ability for any of the Raiders' season ticketholders to attend games, and vowed to not attend any game at Allegiant Stadium until spectators are able to attend.[62][63]

The first event at the stadium was a Monday Night Football game on September 21, 2020, where the Raiders defeated the New Orleans Saints 34–24.[64] Saints kicker Will Lutz scored the stadium's first points on a 31-yard field goal on the opening drive, and running back Alvin Kamara scored the stadium's first touchdown on a 1-yard run at 3:55. The first Raiders touchdown was a second-quarter 3-yard touchdown reception by fullback Alec Ingold, one of three touchdown passes on the night for quarterback Derek Carr.

The first UNLV Rebels game at the stadium was on October 31, 2020, a Rebels loss to the Nevada Wolf Pack 37–19 in the Battle for Nevada. The game was the first event in the stadium to have fans in attendance.[65]

Financing

The original budget for construction of the stadium was $1.8 billion.[66] The budget was increased twice in 2019.[67] Once in May 2019 when Don Webb asked the Las Vegas Stadium Authority for an additional $40 million[68] and again in September 2019 when he asked for an additional $90 million,[69] bringing the total to $1.97 billion; $200 million over the original budget. Of this, $78 million was spent to purchase the land, $1.33 billion was spent on construction, $123 million on furniture, fixtures, and equipment, $234 million on design and engineering, and $31 million on utilities and infrastructure.[70][71] Some reports gave a budget of $2 billion, which also included $100 million to build a separate Raiders practice facility.[72] Ultimately, the stadium was completed $25 million under the increased budget but $175 million over the original $1.8 billion budget.[73]

The financing for the project came in the form of $750 million in public funding and $1.1 billion from the Raiders.[74] The public portion of the funding came from municipal bonds issued by Clark County, backed by the proceeds of a special tax on hotel rooms in the Las Vegas area, which took effect in March 2017.[75] The Raiders' contribution included a $650 million loan from Bank of America, $200 million from the NFL's stadium loan program, and $300 million from sales of personal seat licenses at the stadium, naming rights for the stadium, and sponsorships.[76] On August 5, 2019, the Raiders announced the team had reached an agreement with Summerlin-based Allegiant Air's owner, Allegiant Travel Company, for the naming rights for the first 30 years of the stadium's use beginning in 2020.[77]

Local government does not receive any rent or revenue sharing from the stadium, because such an arrangement would not be compatible with the tax-exempt status of the bonds that were issued for stadium construction.[78] Proponents instead argued that the public financing would be justified by increased economic activity and tax revenue related to the stadium.[79] Critics have argued that the economic projections were based on overly optimistic assumptions.[80][81]

A total of $645 million in construction bonds sold out in 90 minutes in April 2018, representing Clark County's contribution to the project beyond room taxes already collected.[82]

Tenants and events

The stadium replaced Sam Boyd Stadium and serves as the home of both the Raiders and the UNLV Rebels football program.

Pac-12 Football Championship Game

On July 24, 2019, the Pac-12 Conference announced that the 2020 and 2021 Pac-12 Football Championship Game would be played at Allegiant Stadium, moving from Levi's Stadium.[83] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the debut of the game in Las Vegas was delayed to 2021,[84] with the 2020 game instead being held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum — home venue of the South division champion USC Trojans.[85]

Las Vegas Bowl

Beginning in 2021,[86] Allegiant Stadium will host the Las Vegas Bowl, which is moving from Sam Boyd Stadium, and will feature a team from the Pac-12 against a team from the SEC or Big Ten, alternating annually.[87][88] The inaugural game was expected to be held in 2020, but the Las Vegas Bowl was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[89]

NFL Pro Bowl

On June 16, 2020, the NFL announced that the stadium would host the 2021 Pro Bowl.[90] The game was deferred to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[91]

Concerts
Date Artist Opening act(s) Tour / Concert name Attendance Revenue Notes
July 10, 2021 Garth Brooks The Garth Brooks Stadium Tour TBA TBA First concert at the stadium, originally scheduled for August 22, 2020 but postponed due to COVID-19

Other potential events

Stadium backers project 20 to 25 additional events per year outside of Raiders and Rebels games with additional plausible possibilities including the Super Bowl with a capacity of 71,835 seats, the NFL Draft, WrestleMania, the NCAA Final Four, the USA Sevens rugby tournament, Monster Jam, boxing matches, Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) events, other neutral-site college football games, international soccer matches, and corporate shows.[92][93][94]

David Beckham visited Las Vegas in 2016 to advocate for the stadium as a possible home for his Major League Soccer expansion team,[95] although he ultimately announced the launch of the team with a stadium in Miami.[96] In 2019, it was revealed that Vegas Golden Knights owner Bill Foley was engaged in discussions with MLS to land a team to play in the stadium.[97]

The stadium was submitted as a potential site for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, but was later withdrawn from consideration.[98][99]

See also

References
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Preceded by
Oakland Coliseum		 Home of the Las Vegas Raiders
2020–present		 Succeeded by
none
Preceded by
Sam Boyd Stadium		 Home of the UNLV Rebels
2020–present		 Succeeded by
none
Preceded by
Sam Boyd Stadium		 Host of
Las Vegas Bowl
2021–future		 Succeeded by
none
Preceded by
Levi's Stadium		 Home of the
Pac-12 Football Championship
2021–future		 Succeeded by
none
Preceded by
Camping World Stadium		 Host of the NFL Pro Bowl
2021–future		 Succeeded by
none
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