Clark County, Nevada

Clark County is located in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,951,269, with an estimated population of 2,266,715 in 2019.[1] Most of the county population resides in the Las Vegas Census County Divisions, which hold 1,771,945 people as of the 2010 Census, across 476 square miles (1,233 km2).[2] It is by far the most populous county in Nevada, accounting for 7% of the state's land area but 74% of the state's population – thus making Nevada one of the most centralized states in the United States.

Clark County
Clark County
Seal
Motto(s): 
"Living Relentlessly, Developing Economically!"
Location within the U.S. state of Nevada
Nevada's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 36°12′N 115°01′W
Country United States
State Nevada
FoundedJanuary 4, 1909 (1909-01-04) (founded)
July 1, 1909 (1909-07-01) (organized)
Named forWilliam A. Clark
SeatLas Vegas
Largest cityLas Vegas
Area
  Total8,061 sq mi (20,880 km2)
  Land7,891 sq mi (20,440 km2)
  Water169 sq mi (440 km2)  2.1%
Population
 (2010)
  Total1,951,269
  Estimate 
(2019)
2,266,715
  Density240/sq mi (93/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific)
  Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
Congressional districts1st, 3rd, 4th
Websitewww.clarkcountynv.gov

History

Las Vegas, the state's most populous city, has been the county seat since its establishment. The county was formed by the Nevada Legislature by splitting off a portion of Lincoln County on February 5, 1909,[3] and was organized on July 1, 1909.[4] The Las Vegas Valley, a 600 sq mi (1,600 km2) basin, includes Las Vegas and other major cities and communities such as North Las Vegas, Henderson, and the unincorporated community of Paradise.

Originally part of the Mexican Territory of Alta California, the Clark County lands were first traversed by American beaver trappers. Word of their journeys inspired the New Mexican merchant Antonio Armijo in 1829 to establish the first route for mule trains and herds of livestock from Nuevo Mexico to Alta California through the area, along the Virgin and Colorado Rivers. Called the Armijo Route of the Old Spanish Trail, the route was later modified into the Main Route by the passing merchants, trappers, drovers, Ute raiders and settlers over the years by moving to a more direct route. In Clark County it was northward away from the Colorado to a series of creeks, waterholes and springs like those at Las Vegas, to which John C. Frémont added Frémont's Cutoff on his return from California to Utah in 1844.

What is now Clark County was acquired by the United States during the Mexican–American War, becoming part of the northwestern corner of New Mexico Territory. In 1847, Jefferson Hunt and other Mormon Battalion members returning to Salt Lake City from Los Angeles pioneered a wagon route through the County that became the Mormon Road. In 1849, this road became known as the "Southern Route", the winter route of the California Trail from Salt Lake City to Los Angeles during the California Gold Rush. By the mid 1850s, the route now known as the Salt Lake Road in California, and the California Road in Utah Territory, was a wagon trade route between the two. In the mid 1850s, Mormons established a settlement at Las Vegas. In the 1860s, Mormon colonies were established along the Virgin and Muddy Rivers.

All of the county was part of Mohave County, Arizona Territory, when that Territory was formed in 1863, before Nevada became a state. In 1865, it became part of Pah-Ute County, Arizona Territory. The part of Pah-Ute County north and west of the Colorado River was assigned to the new State of Nevada in 1866, however Arizona territory fought the division until 1871. Pah-Ute County became part of Lincoln County and the westernmost part, the southernmost part of Nye County.

Clark County was named for William A. Clark, a Montana copper magnate and Democratic U.S. Senator.[5] Clark was largely responsible for construction of the Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad through the area, contributing to the region's early development. Clark County is a major tourist destination, with 150,000 hotel rooms. The Las Vegas Strip, home to most of the hotel-casinos known to many around the world, is not within the City of Las Vegas city limits, but in unincorporated Paradise. It is, however, in the Las Vegas Valley.

Clark County is coextensive with the Las Vegas MSA, a metropolitan statistical area designated by the Office of Management and Budget and used by the United States Census Bureau and other agencies for statistical purposes.[6]

Geography

Kyle Canyon in the Mount Charleston Wilderness

The Colorado River forms the county's southeastern boundary, with Hoover Dam forming Lake Mead along much of its length. The lowest point in the state of Nevada is on the Colorado River just south of Laughlin in Clark County, where it flows out of Nevada into California and Arizona. Greater Las Vegas is a tectonic valley, surrounded by four mountain ranges, with nearby Mount Charleston being the highest elevation at 11,918 ft (3,633 m), located to the northwest. Other than the forests on Mount Charleston, the geography in Clark County is a desert. Creosote bushes are the main native vegetation, and the mountains are mostly rocky with little vegetation.[7] The terrain slopes to the south and east.[8] The county has an area of 8,061 square miles (20,880 km2), of which 7,891 square miles (20,440 km2) is land and 169 square miles (440 km2) (2.1%) is water.[9]

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

20 official wilderness areas in Clark County are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Many of these are in, or partially in, one of the preceding protected areas, as shown below. Many are separate entities that are managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM):

Environmental factors

Clark County has a diverse desert flora and fauna, including higher elevation mountain areas, the desert floor and the Colorado River/Lake Mead ecosystems. Variations in diurnal temperature as well as seasonal swings in temperature create demanding adaptation elements on the species of this county. Population expansion, especially since 1970, has placed additional pressure on species in the area.

Correspondingly air quality levels prior to the 1960s were in a favorable range, but the proliferation of automobiles with the human population expansion created circumstances where some Federal Air Quality Standards began to be violated in the 1980s.

To plan for the wave of development forecast by 1980, Clark County embarked on a regional Environmental Impact Assessment funded by a Federal Section 208 program, with Sedway Cooke conducting the planning work and Earth Metrics performing environmental analysis. This endeavor projected population growth, land use changes and environmental impacts.

To prevent the loss of federal funds due to unacceptable dust levels in the Las Vegas valley, in 2003 the Nevada Air Quality Management division (under direction of Clark County officials) created the massive "Don't Be a Dusthole" campaign. The campaign successfully raised awareness of dust pollution in the Las Vegas valley, quantifiably reducing pollutants and preserving ongoing federal funding.[10]

The Apex Landfill, at 2,200 acres (890 ha) is the nation's largest landfill.[11] Republic Services owns and operates the landfill.

Earthquake hazards

Nevada is the third most seismically active state in the U.S. (after Alaska and California); the United States Geological Survey has estimated that over the next 50 years, Clark County has a 10–20% chance of a M6.0 or greater earthquake occurring within 50 km (31 mi) of Las Vegas.[12]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.
19103,321
19204,85946.3%
19308,53275.6%
194016,41492.4%
195048,289194.2%
1960127,016163.0%
1970273,288115.2%
1980463,08769.5%
1990741,45960.1%
20001,375,76585.5%
20101,951,26941.8%
2019 (est.)2,266,715[13]16.2%
US Decennial Census[14]
1790–1960[15] 1900–1990[16]
1990–2000[17] 2010–2018[1]
2015 income distribution by household in Las Vegas.[18]
Population living below federal poverty line by census tracts covering Clark County.[19]
Map of racial distribution in Las Vegas, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: White, Black, Asian Hispanic, or Other (yellow)

2000 census

In 2000 there were 512,253 households, out of which 31.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.70% were married couples living together, 11.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.70% were non-families. 24.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.70% had someone living alone who was above age 64. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.17.

The county population contained 25.60% under the age of 18, 9.20% from 18 to 24, 32.20% from 25 to 44, 22.30% from 45 to 64, and 10.70% who were over age 64. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 103.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $53,536, and the median income for a family was $59,485.[20] Males had a median income of $35,243 versus $27,077 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,785. About 7.90% of families and 10.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.10% of those under age 18 and 7.30% of those over age 64.

Large numbers of new residents in the state originate from California.[21]

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,951,269 people, 715,365 households, and 467,916 families in the county.[22] The population density was 247.3 inhabitants per square mile (95.5/km2). There were 840,343 housing units at an average density of 106.5 per square mile (41.1/km2).[23] The racial makeup of the county was 60.9% white, 10.5% black or African American, 8.7% Asian, 0.7% Pacific islander, 0.7% American Indian, 13.5% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 29.1% of the population.[22] In terms of ancestry, 11.7% were German, 9.1% were Irish, 7.6% were English, 6.3% were Italian, and 2.7% were American.[24]

Of the 715,365 households, 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.0% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.6% were non-families, and 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.26. The median age was 35.5 years.[22]

The median income for a household in the county was $56,258 and the median income for a family was $63,888. Males had a median income of $43,693 versus $35,324 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,422. About 8.7% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.[25]

Economy

The Las Vegas Strip looking South
The entrance to the affluent MacDonald Highlands in Henderson
Enterprise, Nevada as seen from neighboring Southern Highlands

The county is home to many gaming related companies. Station Casinos is headquartered in unincorporated Clark County, along with[26][27] Golden Entertainment, American Casino & Entertainment Properties, Bally Technologies, Cannery Casino Resorts, The Majestic Star Casino, LLC, Ameristar Casinos, Archon Corporation, Boyd Gaming, Caesars Entertainment, Las Vegas Sands, MGM Resorts International, Wynn Resorts, DBT Online Inc., Two Plus Two Publishing, Gambler's Book Shop / GBC Press, Millennium Management Group, Navegante Group, Pinnacle Entertainment and Tropicana Entertainment

Largest employers

Regional Justice Center

According to data collected by the Research and Analysis Bureau of the Nevada Department of Employment, Training and Rehabilitation, Clark County's largest employers, both public and private employers, as reported in the fourth quarter of 2012:[28]

30,000 to 39,999 Employees

5,000 to 10,000 Employees

2,500 to 4,999

Tourism

The Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority posts the historical numbers of visitors and hotel rooms in Clark County. The era of massive modern casino resorts began with the opening of the Mirage in November 1989.

Gaming areas

The State of Nevada divides the state into several gaming districts. Accordingly, the Clark County is divided into the following reporting districts:[29][30]

Parks and recreation

Government

The Clark County Detention Center
Clark County Government Center in Las Vegas with the World Market Center temporary buildings in background

The Clark County Commission consists of seven members who are elected to serve staggered four-year terms in biennial partisan elections. The commission members elect a chairman, who chairs their meetings. A hired county manager handles day-to-day operations under direction of the commission. The county's unincorporated towns also have appointed boards that provide advice to the commission.

The county operates out of the Clark County Government Center in the City of Las Vegas. The building is unusual in shape, and includes an outdoor amphitheater for concerts and other events.

The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department provides most law enforcement services in the county, including operation of the county's central jail, the Clark County Detention Center (CCDC). The present department was created in 1973 when the Clark County Sheriff's Department merged with the Las Vegas Police Department.

Other entities with police forces include University of Nevada, Las Vegas, the Clark County School District, and cities such as Henderson, Mesquite, Boulder City and North Las Vegas. The Clark County Park Police is responsible for all of the parks operated by the county and some selected special venues, such as the Clark County Amphitheater, Clark County Archery Range, and the Desert Rose Golf Course.

The Regional Justice Center replaced the Clark County Courthouse in 2005, and is about 3 blocks from downtown Fremont Street, at 200 Lewis Avenue.

Courts

The Clark County Justice Courts are divided into eleven townships.[31] Each elects its own justices of the peace for limited jurisdiction cases and a constable.[32] They do not correspond with city boundaries. The Las Vegas Justice Court Township the city of Las Vegas [33][34][35] and the unincorporated towns of Blue Diamond, Cactus Springs, Enterprise, Indian Springs, Mount Charleston, Paradise, Spring Valley, Summerlin South, Sunrise Manor (partially in North Las Vegas Township), Whitney (partially in Henderson Township) and Winchester.[36][33] The city of Las Vegas has a separate municipal court for traffic and criminal misdemeanor offenses that occur within the city's incorporated boundaries.[37]

Politics

White Domes trail, Valley of Fire State Park, in NE Clark County

With nearly three-quarters of Nevada's population, Clark County plays a significant role in determining statewide Nevada elections as well the winner of the state's electoral votes in presidential elections. At the presidential level, the county, like most urban counties nationwide, leans Democratic. However, its Democratic lean is not as overwhelming as that of many other urban counties; for instance, Donald Trump received over 44% of the vote in his 2020 reelection bid. This Democratic trend predates the county's explosive growth in the second half of the 20th century. Republican presidential candidates have only won the county six times from 1912 to the present day, all coming in national landslides where the Republican won over 400 electoral votes. The most recent of these wins was George H.W. Bush in 1988. At the statewide level however, the county is more of a swing county, with several Republican gubernatorial candidates & US Senators winning the county since then. The last Republican senator to win the county was John Ensign in his 2006 victory, even as Jim Gibbons lost it in his gubernatorial win over Dina Titus that year. Both Kenny Guinn and Brian Sandoval carried the county in both gubernatorial terms they won, however.

In recent years, Democratic strategy has centered around heavy turnout in Clark County, in hopes of building a large enough margin to overcome Republican votes in the rest of the state. For example, in 2018, Dean Heller carried 15 of Nevada's 17 county-level jurisdictions in his bid for a second full term in the U. S. Senate. However, Democratic challenger Jacky Rosen swamped him in Clark by 92,000 votes, almost double her statewide margin of 48,500 votes. In that year's gubernatorial election, Democrat Steve Sisolak lost 15 out of 17 county-level jurisdictions, but swamped Republican Adam Laxalt by 86,600 votes in Clark, more than double his statewide margin of 39,700 votes. As well, since 2008, the Democratic presidential candidate has won Clark by more than enough votes to carry Nevada.

Presidential election results
Presidential election results[38]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2020 44.3% 430,930 53.6% 521,852 2.0% 19,728
2016 41.7% 320,057 52.4% 402,227 5.9% 44,872
2012 41.8% 289,053 56.4% 389,936 1.8% 12,201
2008 39.5% 257,078 58.5% 380,765 2.1% 13,329
2004 46.8% 255,337 51.7% 281,767 1.5% 8,293
2000 44.7% 170,932 51.3% 196,100 4.0% 15,166
1996 39.4% 103,431 48.7% 127,963 11.9% 31,316
1992 32.2% 97,403 41.2% 124,586 26.7% 80,793
1988 56.4% 108,110 40.9% 78,359 2.8% 5,310
1984 62.6% 94,133 35.5% 53,386 1.9% 2,844
1980 59.8% 76,194 30.1% 38,313 10.1% 12,917
1976 46.9% 48,236 49.8% 51,178 3.3% 3,398
1972 59.1% 53,101 40.9% 36,807
1968 42.0% 31,522 44.3% 33,225 13.8% 10,318
1964 37.0% 23,921 63.0% 40,760
1960 43.2% 18,197 56.8% 23,949
1956 49.3% 18,584 50.7% 19,095
1952 52.9% 13,333 47.1% 11,855
1948 36.6% 6,382 61.8% 10,787 1.6% 284
1944 38.2% 4,543 61.8% 7,350
1940 29.6% 2,170 70.4% 5,154
1936 18.8% 1,178 81.2% 5,091
1932 18.8% 1,347 81.3% 5,837
1928 56.6% 1,284 43.4% 984
1924 32.6% 533 17.6% 288 49.8% 815
1920 44.6% 589 47.0% 620 8.4% 111
1916 28.6% 529 60.2% 1,115 11.3% 209
1912 13.1% 110 42.8% 358 44.1% 369[39]

Regional agencies

The Clark County Regional Flood Control District (CCRFCD) was created in 1985 by the Nevada Legislature allowing Clark County to provide broad solutions to flooding problems.

The Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada operates the RTC Transit system, and does planning for most major roadways.

The Southern Nevada Water Authority is a multi-agency group that manages the water distribution for the Las Vegas Valley.

The Las Vegas Wash Coordination Committee manages and protects the Las Vegas Wash.

Since 1999 the group has added more the 15,000 plants to stabilize the wash's banks and restore and expand the wetlands surrounding the wash. As part of the effort to restore the wash to a more natural state, they have removed more than 500,000 pounds (230,000 kg) of trash.

State government

The Grant Sawyer State Office Building, which houses many branches of state government, is within the City of Las Vegas.[40]

The Nevada Department of Corrections operates three prisons within Clark County. High Desert State Prison, a medium-maximum prison, and the Southern Desert Correctional Center, a medium security prison, are both near Indian Springs, Nevada.[41]

The Florence McClure Women's Correctional Center, originally called Southern Nevada Women's Correctional Facility, opened in North Las Vegas on September 1, 1997. It was built and operated by Corrections Corporation of America. On October 1, 2004, the Department of Corrections took direct control of the facility.[42] It houses the female death row.[43]

Education

The Clark County School District serves all of Clark County with 228 elementary schools, 59 middle schools, and 54 high schools being the fifth largest in the country. Student enrollment in 2014 was 324,093.

Colleges serving the area are University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), College of Southern Nevada, and Nevada State College.

Transportation

Major highways

Communities

Bracketed number refers to location on map, right

Cities

Census-designated places

Air Force bases

Other unincorporated communities

Climate

Clark County
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
10
 
 
14
1
 
 
21
 
 
16
4
 
 
10
 
 
26
10
 
 
18
 
 
35
13
 
 
16
 
 
44
21
 
 
3
 
 
45
26
 
 
15
 
 
48
27
 
 
26
 
 
45
27
 
 
25
 
 
43
22
 
 
45
 
 
31
14
 
 
33
 
 
24
8
 
 
29
 
 
14
−1
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [45]

See also

References

  1. "American Factfinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  2. "Nevada: 2010, Summary Population and Housing Characteristics; 2010 Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
  3. Las Vegas Sun, January 4, 2009; Joseph Nathan Kane, The American Counties (4th Ed.), (The Scarecrow Press, 1983), pp. 479-480
  4. Squires, C. P. Sam P. Davis (ed.). The History of Nevada. Nevada's Online State News Journal. p. 801. Archived from the original on July 20, 2009. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
  5. Pitts, Stanley Thomas (May 2006). An Unjust Legacy: A Critical Study of the Political Campaigns of William Andrews Clark, 1888-1901 (PDF). University of North Texas: M.S. thesis. p. 205. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
  6. "Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Components, December 2005, with codes". Archived from the original on February 9, 2006. Retrieved March 23, 2007.
  7. Clark County NV Google Maps (accessed 10 February 2019)
  8. ""Find an Altitude" Google Maps (accessed 10 February 2019)". Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
  9. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". US Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  10. "News – Dusty the Dusthole successful". Reviewjournal.com. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
  11. Schoenmann, Joe (December 17, 2008). "Official calls for sort reform". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved December 20, 2008.
  12. "Loss-Estimation Modeling of Earthquake Scenarios for Each County in Nevada Using HAZUS-MH" (PDF). Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology. Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology/University of Nevada, Reno. February 23, 2006. Retrieved March 27, 2016. "Probability of an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 or greater occurring within 50 km in 50 years (from USGS probabilistic seismic hazard analysis) 10–20% chance for Las Vegas area, magnitude 6" (p. 65)
  13. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  14. "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  15. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  16. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  17. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  18. "Household Income Distribution in Las Vegas". United States Census Bureau. US Census Breau. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  19. "POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS". American Fact Finder. US Census Breau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  20. "Clark County, Nevada – Income in the Past 12 Months (In 2006 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars)". Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
  21. "About.com". Usgovinfo.about.com. June 19, 2010. Retrieved February 20, 2011.
  22. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
  23. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
  24. "Selected Social Characteristics in the US – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
  25. "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
  26. "Interactive Map Viewer Archived January 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine." City of Las Vegas. Retrieved on June 5, 2009.
  27. "Map." Station Casinos. Retrieved on June 5, 2009. Archived September 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  28. "Nevada Workforce Informer, Nevada`s Top Employers". Nevadaworkforce.com. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  29. "Abbreviated Revenue Release Index". Nevada Gaming Control Board. Archived from the original on August 20, 2008. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
  30. "February 2009 Nevada Gaming Revenues and Collections" (PDF). Nevada Gaming Control Board (Press release). April 7, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 17, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
  31. "Township Boundaries" (PDF). November 7, 2019.
  32. "Justice Courts". www.clarkcountynv.gov. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  33. "Las Vegas Township Boundaries and Constable Jurisdiction" (PDF). Clark County, Nevada. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
  34. "Las Vegas Constable". Clark County, Nevada. Archived from the original on May 29, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
  35. "Civil Division". Clark County Courts. Archived from the original on May 26, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
  36. Steve Kanigher (July 18, 2003). "Las Vegas: Bright lights, but not a big city". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  37. "Municipal Court". Las Vegas, Nevada. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  38. Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  39. The leading "other" candidate, Progressive Theodore Roosevelt, received 261 votes, while Socialist candidate Eugene Debs received 108 votes.
  40. "State Agencies and Departments". Nv.gov. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  41. "Facilities | Nevada Department of Corrections". Doc.nv.gov. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  42. "." Nevada Department of Corrections. Retrieved on January 6, 2010.
  43. "Lone woman on Nevada's death row dies in prison." Associated Press at North County Times. January 31, 2005. Retrieved on September 5, 2010.
  44. Topozone.com Sutor, Clark County NV (accessed 10 February 2019)
  45. "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. Retrieved January 30, 2016.

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