Group 8 element

Group 8 is a group (column) of chemical elements in the periodic table. It consists of iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os) and hassium (Hs).[1] They are all transition metals.

Group 8 in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
group 7    group 9
IUPAC group number8
Name by elementiron group
CAS group number
(US, pattern A-B-A)
part of VIIIB
old IUPAC number
(Europe, pattern A-B)
part of VIII

 Period
4
Iron (Fe)
26 Transition metal
5
Ruthenium (Ru)
44 Transition metal
6
Osmium (Os)
76 Transition metal
7 Hassium (Hs)
108 Transition metal

Legend

primordial element
synthetic element
Atomic number color:
black=solid

Like other groups, the members of this family show patterns in electron configuration, especially in the outermost shells, resulting in trends in chemical behavior.

"Group 8" is the modern standard designation for this group, adopted by the IUPAC in 1990.[1]

In the older group naming systems, this group was combined with groups 9 and 10 and called group "VIIIB" in the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) "U.S. system", or "VIII" in the old IUPAC (pre-1990) "European system" (and in Mendeleev's original table).

Group 8 (current IUPAC) should not be confused with "group VIIIA" in the CAS system, which is group 18 (current IUPAC), the noble gases.

While groups (columns) of the periodic table are sometimes named after their lighter member (as in "the oxygen group" for group 16), the term iron group does not mean "group 8". Most often, it means a set of adjacent elements on period (row) 4 of the table that includes iron, such as chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel, or only the last three, or some other set, depending on the context.

Basic properties

ZElementNo. of electrons
per shell
M.P.B.P.Year of
discovery
Discoverer
26iron2, 8, 14, 21811 K
1538 °C
3134 K
2862 °C
<3000 BCEUnknown
44ruthenium2, 8, 18, 15, 12607 K
2334 °C
4423 K
4150 °C
1844K. E. Claus
76osmium2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 23306 K
3033 °C
5285 K
5012 °C
1803S. Tennant and
W. H. Wollaston
108hassium2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 21984P. Armbruster and
G. Münzenberg

The first three elements are hard silvery-white metals. Hassium has not been isolated in macroscopic pure form, and its properties have not been conclusively observed.

Iron is a very common element that is used for things like steel and ferromagnetic properties. It is among the most common build materials of today.

Ruthenium is used more or less in different types of jewelry. it is very shiny and metallic.

Osmium is the densest element on the periodic table. It is used for ball tip pens and other things.

Hassium is a very radioactive element that is not used for anything except research.

References

  1. Leigh, G. J. Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: Recommendations 1990. Blackwell Science, 1990. ISBN 0-632-02494-1.
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