Electron configurations of the elements (data page)

This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell. Electron configurations of elements beyond hassium (element 108), including those of the undiscovered elements beyond oganesson (element 118), are predicted. As an approximate rule, electron configurations are given by the Aufbau principle and the Madelung rule. However there are numerous exceptions; for example the lightest exception is chromium, which would be predicted to have the configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2, written as [Ar] 3d4 4s2, but whose actual configuration given in the table below is [Ar] 3d5 4s1.

Note that these electron configurations are given for neutral atoms in the gas phase, which are not the same as the electron configurations for the same atoms in chemical environments. In many cases, multiple configurations are within a small range of energies and the irregularities shown below are quite irrelevant chemically.[1] For elements past 120, the configurations should be taken as very tentative, and in some cases mixing of configurations is very important.[2]

1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d5f5g6s6p6d6f7s7p7d8s8p9s9p
123456789
1 H hydrogen: 1s1
1s1
1
2 He helium: 1s2
1s2
2
3 Li lithium: [He] 2s1
1s22s1
21
4 Be beryllium: [He] 2s2
1s22s2
22
5 B boron: [He] 2s2 2p1
1s22s22p1
23
6 C carbon: [He] 2s2 2p2
1s22s22p2
24
7 N nitrogen: [He] 2s2 2p3
1s22s22p3
25
8 O oxygen: [He] 2s2 2p4
1s22s22p4
26
9 F fluorine: [He] 2s2 2p5
1s22s22p5
27
10 Ne neon: [He] 2s2 2p6
1s22s22p6
28
11 Na sodium: [Ne] 3s1
1s22s22p63s1
281
12 Mg magnesium: [Ne] 3s2
1s22s22p63s2
282
13 Al aluminium: [Ne] 3s2 3p1
1s22s22p63s23p1
283
14 Si silicon: [Ne] 3s2 3p2
1s22s22p63s23p2
284
15 P phosphorus: [Ne] 3s2 3p3
1s22s22p63s23p3
285
16 S sulfur: [Ne] 3s2 3p4
1s22s22p63s23p4
286
17 Cl chlorine: [Ne] 3s2 3p5
1s22s22p63s23p5
287
18 Ar argon: [Ne] 3s2 3p6
1s22s22p63s23p6
288
19 K potassium: [Ar] 4s1
1s22s22p63s23p64s1
2881
20 Ca calcium: [Ar] 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p64s2
2882
21 Sc scandium: [Ar] 3d1 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d14s2
2892
22 Ti titanium: [Ar] 3d2 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2
28102
23 V vanadium: [Ar] 3d3 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2
28112
24 Cr chromium: [Ar] 3d5 4s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
28131
25 Mn manganese: [Ar] 3d5 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2
28132
26 Fe iron: [Ar] 3d6 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
28142
27 Co cobalt: [Ar] 3d7 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2
28152
28 Ni nickel: [Ar] 3d8 4s2 or [Ar] 3d9 4s1 (disputed, see Nickel article)
1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2
28162
29 Cu copper: [Ar] 3d10 4s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1
28181
30 Zn zinc: [Ar] 3d10 4s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2
28182
31 Ga gallium: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1
28183
32 Ge germanium: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p2
28184
33 As arsenic: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3
28185
34 Se selenium: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p4
28186
35 Br bromine: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5
28187
36 Kr krypton: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
28188
37 Rb rubidium: [Kr] 5s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s1
281881
38 Sr strontium: [Kr] 5s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s2
281882
39 Y yttrium: [Kr] 4d1 5s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d15s2
281892
40 Zr zirconium: [Kr] 4d2 5s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d25s2
2818102
41 Nb niobium: [Kr] 4d4 5s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d45s1
2818121
42 Mo molybdenum: [Kr] 4d5 5s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d55s1
2818131
43 Tc technetium: [Kr] 4d5 5s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d55s2
2818132
44 Ru ruthenium: [Kr] 4d7 5s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d75s1
2818151
45 Rh rhodium: [Kr] 4d8 5s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d85s1
2818161
46 Pd palladium: [Kr] 4d10
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d10
281818
47 Ag silver: [Kr] 4d10 5s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s1
2818181
48 Cd cadmium: [Kr] 4d10 5s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s2
2818182
49 In indium: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p1
2818183
50 Sn tin: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p2
2818184
51 Sb antimony: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p3
2818185
52 Te tellurium: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p4
2818186
53 I iodine: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p5
2818187
54 Xe xenon: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p6
2818188
55 Cs caesium: [Xe] 6s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p66s1
28181881
56 Ba barium: [Xe] 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p66s2
28181882
57 La lanthanum: [Xe] 5d1 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p65d16s2
28181892
58 Ce cerium: [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f15s25p65d16s2
28181992
59 Pr praseodymium: [Xe] 4f3 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f35s25p66s2
28182182
60 Nd neodymium: [Xe] 4f4 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f45s25p66s2
28182282
61 Pm promethium: [Xe] 4f5 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f55s25p66s2
28182382
62 Sm samarium: [Xe] 4f6 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f65s25p66s2
28182482
63 Eu europium: [Xe] 4f7 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f75s25p66s2
28182582
64 Gd gadolinium: [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f75s25p65d16s2
28182592
65 Tb terbium: [Xe] 4f9 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f95s25p66s2
28182782
66 Dy dysprosium: [Xe] 4f10 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f105s25p66s2
28182882
67 Ho holmium: [Xe] 4f11 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f115s25p66s2
28182982
68 Er erbium: [Xe] 4f12 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f125s25p66s2
28183082
69 Tm thulium: [Xe] 4f13 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f135s25p66s2
28183182
70 Yb ytterbium: [Xe] 4f14 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p66s2
28183282
71 Lu lutetium: [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d16s2
28183292
72 Hf hafnium: [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d26s2
281832102
73 Ta tantalum: [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d36s2
281832112
74 W tungsten: [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d46s2
281832122
75 Re rhenium: [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d56s2
281832132
76 Os osmium: [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d66s2
281832142
77 Ir iridium: [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d76s2
281832152
78 Pt platinum: [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d96s1
281832171
79 Au gold: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s1
281832181
80 Hg mercury: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s2
281832182
81 Tl thallium: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p1
281832183
82 Pb lead: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p2
281832184
83 Bi bismuth: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p3
281832185
84 Po polonium: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p4
281832186
85 At astatine: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p5
281832187
86 Rn radon: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p6
281832188
87 Fr francium: [Rn] 7s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p67s1
2818321881
88 Ra radium: [Rn] 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p67s2
2818321882
89 Ac actinium: [Rn] 6d1 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p66d17s2
2818321892
90 Th thorium: [Rn] 6d2 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p66d27s2
28183218102
91 Pa protactinium: [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f26s26p66d17s2
2818322092
92 U uranium: [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f36s26p66d17s2
2818322192
93 Np neptunium: [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f46s26p66d17s2
2818322292
94 Pu plutonium: [Rn] 5f6 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f66s26p67s2
2818322482
95 Am americium: [Rn] 5f7 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f76s26p67s2
2818322582
96 Cm curium: [Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f76s26p66d17s2
2818322592
97 Bk berkelium: [Rn] 5f9 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f96s26p67s2
2818322782
98 Cf californium: [Rn] 5f10 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f106s26p67s2
2818322882
99 Es einsteinium: [Rn] 5f11 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f116s26p67s2
2818322982
100 Fm fermium: [Rn] 5f12 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f126s26p67s2
2818323082
101 Md mendelevium: [Rn] 5f13 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f136s26p67s2
2818323182
102 No nobelium: [Rn] 5f14 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p67s2
2818323282
103 Lr lawrencium: [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p67s27p1
2818323283
104 Rf rutherfordium: [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d27s2
28183232102
105 Db dubnium: [Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d37s2
28183232112
106 Sg seaborgium: [Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d47s2
28183232122
107 Bh bohrium: [Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d57s2
28183232132
108 Hs hassium: [Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d67s2
28183232142
109 Mt meitnerium: [Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d77s2
28183232152
110 Ds darmstadtium: [Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d87s2
28183232162
111 Rg roentgenium: [Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d97s2
28183232172
112 Cn copernicium: [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s2
28183232182
113 Nh nihonium: [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p1
28183232183
114 Fl flerovium: [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p2
28183232184
115 Mc moscovium: [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p3
28183232185
116 Lv livermorium: [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p4
28183232186
117 Ts tennessine: [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p5
28183232187
118 Og oganesson: [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p6
28183232188
119 Uue ununennium: [Og] 8s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p68s1
281832321881
120 Ubn unbinilium: [Og] 8s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p68s2
281832321882
121 Ubu unbiunium: [Og] 8s2 8p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p68s28p1
281832321883
122 Ubb unbibium: [Og] 7d1 8s2 8p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d107s27p67d18s28p1
281832321893
123 Ubt unbitrium: [Og] 6f1 7d1 8s2 8p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d106f17s27p67d18s28p1
281832321993
124 Ubq unbiquadium: [Og] 6f3 8s2 8p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f146s26p66d106f37s27p68s28p1
281832322183
125 Ubp unbipentium: [Og] 5g1 6f3 8s2 8p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g16s26p66d106f37s27p68s28p1
281832332183
126 Ubh unbihexium: [Og] 5g2 6f2 7d1 8s2 8p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g26s26p66d106f27s27p67d18s28p1
281832342093
127 Ubs unbiseptium: [Og] 5g3 6f2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g36s26p66d106f27s27p68s28p2
281832352084
128 Ubo unbioctium: [Og] 5g4 6f2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g46s26p66d106f27s27p68s28p2
281832362084
129 Ube unbiennium: [Og] 5g5 6f2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g56s26p66d106f27s27p68s28p2
281832372084
130 Utn untrinilium: [Og] 5g6 6f2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g66s26p66d106f27s27p68s28p2
281832382084
131 Utu untriunium: [Og] 5g7 6f2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g76s26p66d106f27s27p68s28p2
281832392084
132 Utb untribium: [Og] 5g8 6f2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g86s26p66d106f27s27p68s28p2
281832402084
133 Utt untritrium: [Og] 5g8 6f3 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g86s26p66d106f37s27p68s28p2
281832402184
134 Utq untriquadium: [Og] 5g8 6f4 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g86s26p66d106f47s27p68s28p2
281832402284
135 Utp untripentium: [Og] 5g9 6f4 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g96s26p66d106f47s27p68s28p2
281832412284
136 Uth untrihexium: [Og] 5g10 6f4 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g106s26p66d106f47s27p68s28p2
281832422284
137 Uts untriseptium: [Og] 5g11 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g116s26p66d106f37s27p67d18s28p2
281832432194
138 Uto untrioctium: [Og] 5g12 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g126s26p66d106f37s27p67d18s28p2
281832442194
139 Ute untriennium: [Og] 5g13 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g136s26p66d106f27s27p67d28s28p2
2818324520104
140 Uqn unquadnilium: [Og] 5g14 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g146s26p66d106f37s27p67d18s28p2
281832462194
141 Uqu unquadunium: [Og] 5g15 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g156s26p66d106f27s27p67d28s28p2
2818324720104
142 Uqb unquadbium: [Og] 5g16 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g166s26p66d106f27s27p67d28s28p2
2818324820104
143 Uqt unquadtrium: [Og] 5g17 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g176s26p66d106f27s27p67d28s28p2
2818324920104
144 Uqq unquadquadium: [Og] 5g18 6f1 7d3 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f17s27p67d38s28p2
2818325019114
145 Uqp unquadpentium: [Og] 5g18 6f3 7d2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f37s27p67d28s28p2
2818325021104
146 Uqh unquadhexium: [Og] 5g18 6f4 7d2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f47s27p67d28s28p2
2818325022104
147 Uqs unquadseptium: [Og] 5g18 6f5 7d2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f57s27p67d28s28p2
2818325023104
148 Uqo unquadoctium: [Og] 5g18 6f6 7d2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f67s27p67d28s28p2
2818325024104
149 Uqe unquadennium: [Og] 5g18 6f6 7d3 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f67s27p67d38s28p2
2818325024114
150 Upn unpentnilium: [Og] 5g18 6f6 7d4 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f67s27p67d48s28p2
2818325024124
151 Upu unpentunium: [Og] 5g18 6f8 7d3 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f87s27p67d38s28p2
2818325026114
152 Upb unpentbium: [Og] 5g18 6f9 7d3 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f97s27p67d38s28p2
2818325027114
153 Upt unpenttrium: [Og] 5g18 6f11 7d2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f117s27p67d28s28p2
2818325029104
154 Upq unpentquadium: [Og] 5g18 6f12 7d2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f127s27p67d28s28p2
2818325030104
155 Upp unpentpentium: [Og] 5g18 6f13 7d2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f137s27p67d28s28p2
2818325031104
156 Uph unpenthexium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d2 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d28s28p2
2818325032104
157 Ups unpentseptium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d3 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d38s28p2
2818325032114
158 Upo unpentoctium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d4 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d48s28p2
2818325032124
159 Upe unpentennium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d4 8s2 8p2 9s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d48s28p29s1
28183250321241
160 Uhn unhexnilium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d5 8s2 8p2 9s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d58s28p29s1
28183250321341
161 Uhu unhexunium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d6 8s2 8p2 9s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d68s28p29s1
28183250321441
162 Uhb unhexbium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d8 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d88s28p2
2818325032164
163 Uht unhextrium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d9 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d98s28p2
2818325032174
164 Uhq unhexquadium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d108s28p2
2818325032184
165 Uhp unhexpentium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2 9s1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d108s28p29s1
28183250321841
166 Uhh unhexhexium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2 9s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d108s28p29s2
28183250321842
167 Uhs unhexseptium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2 9s2 9p1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d108s28p29s29p1
28183250321843
168 Uho unhexoctium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2 9s2 9p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d108s28p29s29p2
28183250321844
169 Uhe unhexennium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p3 9s2 9p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d108s28p39s29p2
28183250321854
170 Usn unseptnilium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p4 9s2 9p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d108s28p49s29p2
28183250321864
171 Usu unseptunium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p5 9s2 9p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d108s28p59s29p2
28183250321874
172 Usb unseptbium: [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p6 9s2 9p2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f147s27p67d108s28p69s29p2
28183250321884
Legend
1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d5f5g6s6p6d6f 6g7s7p7d8s8p9s9p
173 Ust unsepttrium: [Usb] 6g1
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d105f145g186s26p66d106f146g17s27p67d108s28p69s29p2
28183250331884
   Group 18 element (noble gas), has a complete shell. Complete shells are referred to as "[Ar]" for argon etc.

The complete shell of element 172 is not easily recognisable because of the p-orbital splitting: the 8p and 9p orbitals are split into more (p1/2, two electrons) and less (p3/2, four electrons) stabilised parts. Due to relativistic effects, the 8s and 8p1/2 orbitals are deeply buried in the core and it is 9s+9p1/2+8p3/2 that forms the stable octet outside.

References

  1. Jørgensen, Christian K. (1988). "Influence of rare earths on chemical understanding and classification". Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths. 11. pp. 197–292. doi:10.1016/S0168-1273(88)11007-6. ISBN 9780444870803.
  2. Nefedov, V. I.; Trzhaskovskaya, M. B.; Yarzhemskii, V. G. (2006). "Electronic Configurations and the Periodic Table for Superheavy Elements" (PDF). Doklady Physical Chemistry. Pleaides Publishing. 408 (Part 2): 149–151. Retrieved 25 September 2020. configuration interaction is crucial in more than 30% of cases since its consideration leads to another ground-state configuration.

All sources concur with the data above except in the instances listed separately:

NIST

This website is also cited in the CRC Handbook as source of Section 1, subsection Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State.

  • 91 Pa : [Rn] 5f2(3H4) 6d 7s2
  • 92 U : [Rn] 5f3(4Io9/2) 6d 7s2
  • 93 Np : [Rn] 5f4(5I4) 6d 7s2
  • 103 Lr : [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1 question-marked
  • 104 Rf : [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 question-marked

CRC

  • David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 1, Basic Constants, Units, and Conversion Factors; Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State. (elements 1104)
  • Also subsection Periodic Table of the Elements, (elements 1103) based on:
    • G. J. Leigh, Editor, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1990.
    • Chemical and Engineering News, 63(5), 27, 1985.
    • Atomic Weights of the Elements, 1999, Pure Appl. Chem., 73, 667, 2001.

WebElements

  • http://www.webelements.com/ ; retrieved July 2005, electron configurations based on:
    • Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, Ed. Gordon W. F. Drake, American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, New York, 1996.
    • J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, Harper Collins, New York, 1993.
    • R.L. DeKock and H.B. Gray in Chemical Structure and bonding, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California, 1980.
    • A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
  • 103 Lr : [Rn].5f14.7s2.7p1 tentative ; 2.8.18.32.32.9.2 [inconsistent]
  • 104 Rf : [Rn].5f14.6d2.7s2 tentative
  • 105 Db : [Rn].5f14.6d3.7s2 (a guess based upon that of tantalum) ; 2.8.18.32.32.11.2
  • 106 Sg : [Rn].5f14.6d4.7s2 (a guess based upon that of tungsten) ; 2.8.18.32.32.12.2
  • 107 Bh : [Rn].5f14.6d5.7s2 (a guess based upon that of rhenium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.13.2
  • 108 Hs : [Rn].5f14.6d6.7s2 (a guess based upon that of osmium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.14.2
  • 109 Mt : [Rn].5f14.6d7.7s2 (a guess based upon that of iridium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.15.2
  • 110 Ds : [Rn].5f14.6d9.7s1 (a guess based upon that of platinum) ; 2.8.18.32.32.17.1
  • 111 Rg : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s1 (a guess based upon that of gold) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.1
  • 112 Cn : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2 (a guess based upon that of mercury) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.2
  • 113 Nh : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p1 (a guess based upon that of thallium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.3
  • 114 Fl : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p2 (a guess based upon that of lead) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.4
  • 115 Mc : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p3 (a guess based upon that of bismuth) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.5
  • 116 Lv : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p4 (a guess based upon that of polonium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.6
  • 117 Ts : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p5 (a guess based upon that of astatine) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.7
  • 118 Og : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p6 (a guess based upon that of radon) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.8

Lange

  • J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), online version, McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4, Table 4.1 Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements. (Elements 1103)
  • 97 Bk : [Rn] 5f8 6d 7s2
  • 103 Lr : [Rn] 4f14 [sic] 6d 7s2

Hill and Petrucci

  • Hill and Petrucci, General Chemistry: An Integrated Approach (3rd edition), Prentice Hall. (Elements 1106)
  • 58 Ce : [Xe] 4f2 6s2
  • 103 Lr : [Rn] 5f14 6d1 7s2
  • 104 Rf : [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 (agrees with guess above)
  • 105 Db : [Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
  • 106 Sg : [Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2

Hoffman, Lee, and Pershina

Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 1722. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.

This book contains predicted electron configurations for the elements 119172 and 184, based on relativistic Dirac–Fock calculations by B. Fricke in Fricke, B. (1975). Dunitz, J. D. (ed.). "Superheavy elements a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Structure and Bonding. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116496.

Fricke

Predicted electron configurations for element 173 based on relativistic Dirac–Fock calculations by B. FrickeFricke, Burkhard (1977). "Dirac-Fock-Slater calculations for the elements Z = 100, fermium, to Z = 173" (PDF). Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 19: 83–192. Bibcode:1977ADNDT..19...83F. doi:10.1016/0092-640X(77)90010-9. Retrieved 25 February 2016.

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