Jaguar Land Rover

Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC is the holding company of Jaguar Land Rover Limited, a British multinational automotive company, and subsidiary of Indian automotive company Tata Motors Limited. The principal activity of Jaguar Land Rover Limited is the design, development, manufacture and sale of vehicles bearing the Jaguar and Land Rover marques.

Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC
TypeSubsidiary
IndustryAutomotive
Founded18 January 2008 (2008-01-18)
Headquarters
Whitley, Coventry
,
United Kingdom[1]
Key people
Products
Production output
 439,749 (Land Rover)
174,560 (Jaguar)[3] (2017–18)
Brands
Revenue £25.8 billion[4] (2017–18)
£1.5 billion[4] (2017–18)
£1.1 billion[4] (2017–18)
Total assets £26.8 billion[4] (2017–18)
Total equity £9.98 billion[4] (2017–18)
Number of employees
43,224[5] (2018)
ParentTata Motors
SubsidiariesJaguar Land Rover Holdings Limited
Jaguar Land Rover Limited
Chery Jaguar Land Rover (50%)
Jaguar Land Rover India
Websitewww.jaguarlandrover.com

Both marques have long and complex histories prior to their merger – Jaguar going back to the 1930s and Land Rover to the 1940s – first coming together in 1968 as part of the British Leyland conglomerate, later again independent of each other, and then as subsidiaries of BMW (in the case of Land Rover), and Ford Motor Company (Jaguar). Ford acquired Land Rover from BMW in 2000 following the break-up of the former Rover Group, which was effectively the remainder of the British Leyland car producing companies.

Jaguar Land Rover has been a subsidiary of Tata Motors since they founded it for the acquisition of Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover from Ford in 2008. On 1 January 2013 the operations of Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover were merged as Jaguar Land Rover Limited and the parent was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC.

History

Both businesses having been part of British Leyland for parts of their histories until 1984, Jaguar Cars and Land Rover were eventually reunited into the same group again by the Ford Motor Company in 2002.[6] Ford had acquired Jaguar Cars in 1989 and Land Rover from BMW in 2000.[7][8] In 2006, Ford purchased the Rover brand name from BMW for around £6 million. This reunited the Rover and Land Rover brands for the first time since the Rover group was broken up by BMW in 2000.

On 18 January 2008, Tata Motors, a part of the Tata Group, established Jaguar Land Rover Limited as a British-registered, wholly owned subsidiary. The company was to be used as a holding company for the acquisition from Ford of the two businesses – Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover. That acquisition was completed on 2 June 2008.[9][10] On 1 January 2013, the group, which had been operating as two separate companies (Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover), although on an integrated basis, underwent a fundamental restructuring. The parent company was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC, Jaguar Cars Limited was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Limited and the assets (excluding certain Chinese interests) of Land Rover were transferred to it. The consequence was that Jaguar Land Rover Limited became responsible in the UK for the design, manufacture and marketing of both Jaguar and Land Rover products.[11]

In addition to the Jaguar and Land Rover marques, JLR also owns the rights to the dormant Daimler, Lanchester and Rover marques. The latter was acquired by Land Rover, whilst still under Ford ownership, from BMW in the aftermath of the collapse of MG Rover Group; BMW had retained ownership of the marque when it broke up Rover Group in 2000, then licensed it to MG Rover.

In June 2018, J.D. Power of the US rated Jaguar and Land Rover as the lowest two marques in terms of initial quality.[12] The mid-2019 report confirmed them as the two worst brands for initial quality.[13] The Jaguar F-Pace made Consumer Reports' February 2019 list of the '10 Least Reliable Cars'. The editors cited "electronics, drive system, power equipment, noises and leaks" as problematic aspects.[14]

Investment and expansion

In March 2011, Jaguar Land Rover announced that it would hire an additional 1,500 staff at its Halewood plant, and signed over £2 billion of supply contracts with UK-based companies, to enable production of its new Range Rover Evoque model.[15][16] In September 2011, the company confirmed that it would be investing £355 million in the construction of a new engine plant at the i54 business park near Wolverhampton, central England, to manufacture a family of four-cylinder petrol and diesel engines.[17][18] In November 2011 Jaguar Land Rover announced that it would be creating 1,000 new jobs at its Solihull plant, a 25 per cent increase in the size of the workforce at the site.[19][20]

In March 2012, Jaguar Land Rover announced the creation of 1,000 new jobs at its Halewood plant, and a shift to 24-hour production at the plant.[21][22] In the same month, Jaguar Land Rover and the China-based carmaker Chery agreed to invest an initial US$2.78 billion in a new joint venture, the activities of which would include the manufacture of Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles and engines, the establishment of a research and development facility, the creation of a new automobile marque, and sales of vehicles produced by the company.[23][24] Jaguar Land Rover planned to create 4,500 manufacturing and engineering jobs in the UK over the next five years.[25]

In late 2012, the company announced a joint venture for Jaguars and Land Rovers to be built in China, now the world's biggest car-market. The agreement was with Chery, China's sixth largest auto manufacturer, and called for a new Chinese factory in Changshu to build vehicles starting in 2014. Trial production at the facility began in April 2014, with a potential capacity of 130,000 vehicles annually.[26] The first production model by the Chery Jaguar Land Rover venture was the Evoque, with other models planned that also include modifications, such as longer wheelbases, to satisfy Chinese market demand.[27]

In September 2013, Jaguar Land Rover announced an additional 1,700 jobs and £1.5 billion investment at its facility in Solihull. The money was to be spent on designing systems to allow the chassis of future models to be made out of aluminium; the first of these would be a new mid-sized sports saloon car to be introduced in 2015.[28] The same month, the company announced plans to open a £100 million research and development centre called the National Automotive Innovation Campus at the University of Warwick, Coventry to create a new generation of vehicle technologies. Jaguar Land Rover was to invest £50 million in the facility with additional funding from Tata Motors, the University and the UK government.[29] The carmaker said around 1,000 academics and engineers would work there and that construction would start in 2014.[30][31]

Under its chief executive, Ralf Speth, JLR has significantly increased its investment in research and development. In 2013, according to Speth, it invested £3 billion in "product creation" and claimed to be the "biggest R&D investor in the UK in the automotive business".[32]

In 2017 a plant for Ingenium engine production was added to the Chery Jaguar Land Rover facility in China.[33]

On 13 April 2018, Jaguar Land Rover announced that it would be cutting 1,000 temporary contract jobs in the West Midlands, citing a slump in sales due to uncertainty over changes to taxes on diesel cars and Brexit.[34][35]

Sales

In the year ended 31 March 2013, Jaguar Land Rover sold a total of 374,636 units, of which 316,043 were Land Rovers and 58,593 were Jaguars.[36] In that period 21.6% of sales were in Europe (excluding the United Kingdom and Russia), 20.6% in China, 19.3% in the United Kingdom, 16.8% in the United States, 4.8% in Asia Pacific (excluding China) and 16.9% in the rest of the world.[36] In 2015, Jaguar Land Rover became the biggest car manufacturer in the UK, producing 489,923 cars and overtaking Nissan, the previous leader.[37]

In January 2014, the Wall Street Journal reported that Jaguar Land Rover sold a record 425,006 vehicles in 2013 as demand for its luxury vehicles increased in all major markets including in China, North America and Europe.[38]

The company sold 604,009 vehicles during 2017, comprising 431,161 Land Rover vehicles and 172,848 Jaguar vehicles.[39]

JLR was struggling by mid-2019 and Tata Motors wrote down its investment in JLR by $3.9 billion. Much of the financial problem was due to a 50% drop in sales in China during 2018, although the situation was improving by autumn 2019. This was confirmed by a third quarter profit of £156m (pre-tax) versus a £395m loss in the second quarter; JLR had also experienced a boost in sales in China of 24%. The new Range Rover Evoque was helpful in boosting profit, with a 54.6% increase in worldwide sales.[40][41] Tata was open to considering a partnership with another company, according to a statement in mid-October, if the partnership agreement would allow Tata to maintain control of the business. The company ruled out the possibility of a sale of JLR to another entity.[42]

Corporate affairs

Jaguar Land Rover Automotive is a public limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales (Company No. 06477691). The immediate parent of Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC is TML Holdings Pte. Ltd., Singapore and the ultimate parent undertaking and controlling party is Tata Motors Limited of India.[43] The Chairman of Tata Group, Ratan Tata, was the chairman and a director of Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC from 2008 to December 2012.

Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC's principal active subsidiaries are:[44]

  • Jaguar Land Rover Holdings Limited
  • Jaguar Land Rover Limited (designs, manufactures and sells Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles)

Board of directors
Name[43] Position[43] Year appointed[43]
Andrew M. Robb Director 2009
Thierry Bolloré Chief Executive Officer 2020

Financial data
Year ending Turnover (£m) EBITDA (£m) Net income / (loss) before tax (£m)
23 MAY 2017 24,300 1600
31 March 2015[45] 21,866 4,132 2,614
31 March 2014[46] 19,386 3,393 2,501
31 March 2013[47] 15,785 2,402 1,674
31 March 2012[48] 13,512 2,027 1,479
31 March 2011[43] 9,870.7 1,501.7 1,115
31 March 2010[43] 6,527.2 349.1 51.4
31 March 2009[43] 4,949.5 (83.9) (375.7)

Operations
Halewood Body & Assembly, Liverpool.

Jaguar Land Rover has six main facilities for research and development, manufacturing and vehicle assembly, of which five are in the UK and one in India. Jaguar Land Rover invested a total of £1,411 million in research and development in the year ended 31 March 2015.[49]

Jaguar Land Rover has three research and development facilities in the UK:

  • Gaydon, Warwickshire – an engineering and development facility which was formerly the Land Rover headquarters. Formerly an RAF bomber base before being acquired by British Leyland and redeveloped as a vehicle design, development and testing centre.
  • Whitley, Coventry – an engineering and development site and headquarters of Jaguar Land Rover which was formerly the Jaguar Cars head office. This site was acquired from Peugeot in the 1980s, and was formerly a First World War airfield, an aircraft factory and then a missile factory before being sold to the Rootes Group (later Chrysler Europe).
  • JLR is a partner in the National Automotive Innovation Centre at the University of Warwick, Coventry.

Vehicle Assembly plants:[50][51]

SVO facility

  • Ryton-on-Dunsmore, Warwickshire – where the Special Vehicle Operations development centre was created in 2016. The site was previously used by Rootes for aircraft production plant for World War Two, and later became the Rootes/Chrysler/Peugeot car plant which was closed in 2006 and has since been demolished.

Engine Assembly plants

Planned facilities[58][59]

Co-operations

In 2020, Jaguar Land Rover's UK production facilities were halted for the period from March 20 to April 20 due to the spread of coronavirus pandemic.[61]

Products

Jaguar Land Rover currently sells vehicles under the Jaguar and Land Rover marques.

NOx emissions ratings

In March 2019, Jaguar Land Rover became the first European car producer to submit new cars from its marques to AIR Index to receive NOx emissions ratings.[62]

AIR Index ratings for JLR cars (Euro 6 allows up to 80 mg/km NOx emission)
ModelYearFuelNOx
measured
(mg/km)		AIR Index
rating
Jaguar E-Pace HSE 2.0I 180hp2019Diesel14A
Land Rover Range Rover Evoque TD4 2.0I 180hp2019Diesel17A
Land Rover Discovery 3.0 TD6 HSE2018Diesel33A
Land Rover Discovery Sport 2.0I 180hp2019Diesel34A

Future electrification

In September 2017, Jaguar Land Rover announced that all new Jaguar and Land Rover models launched from the 2020 model year will have an all-electric or hybrid powertrain option,[63]

In October 2017, JLR announced that its electrification programme will start with the Range Rover Sport P400e for the 2018 model year, a plug-in hybrid model due in the showrooms in late 2017.[64] and be followed by the launch of a plug-in hybrid Range Rover due in 2018 for the 2019 model year,[65]

Jaguar Land Rover paid $49.5 million in fines for missing its American Corporate Average Fuel Economy targets over the 2009–13 model years.[66]

At the beginning of June 2019, JLR and BMW announced that they will collaborate "to develop next generation electric drive units".[67]

On 5 July 2019, JLR confirmed that they intend to build an all-electric XJ luxury saloon car, at their Castle Bromwich plant.[68] The car is expected to be launched in 2020.[69]

Current Jaguar products
Jaguar XE Jaguar XF Jaguar XJ Jaguar F-Type Jaguar E-Pace Jaguar F-Pace Jaguar I-Pace

Current Land Rover products
Land Rover Discovery Sport Land Rover Discovery Land Rover Defender Range Rover Evoque Range Rover Velar Range Rover Sport Range Rover

References
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