Aston Martin

Aston Martin Lagonda Global Holdings plc is a British independent manufacturer of luxury sports cars and grand tourers. It was founded in 1913 by Lionel Martin and Robert Bamford. Steered from 1947 by David Brown, it became associated with expensive grand touring cars in the 1950s and 1960s, and with the fictional character James Bond following his use of a DB5 model in the 1964 film Goldfinger. Their sports cars are regarded as a British cultural icon.[2] Aston Martin has held a Royal Warrant as purveyor of motorcars to the Prince of Wales since 1982,[3] and has over 160 car dealerships in 53 countries making it a global automobile brand.[4] The company is traded at the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.[5] In 2003 it received the Queen's Award for Enterprise for outstanding contribution to international trade.[6] The company has gone bankrupt seven times in its history.

Not to be confused with Austin Martin.

Aston Martin Lagonda Global Holdings plc
TypePublic limited company
LSE: AML
IndustryAutomotive
Founded15 January 1913 (1913-01-15)
FoundersLionel Martin
Robert Bamford
HeadquartersGaydon, Warwickshire, England, UK
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
ProductsLuxury cars
Brands
Revenue £997.3 million (2019)[1]
£5.4 million (2019)[1]
£-104.4 million (2019)[1]
Number of employees
2,450 (2019)[1]
SubsidiariesAston Martin Racing
Websiteastonmartin.com astonmartinlagonda.com
Aston Martin DBS Superleggera, the brand's current flagship model

In total, the company has 10 bases around the UK.[7] The headquarters and main production of its sports cars and grand tourers are in a 22-hectare (55-acre) facility in Gaydon, Warwickshire, England on the site of a former RAF V Bomber airbase, adjacent to the Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre.[8] The old plant in Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire is the present home of the Aston Martin Works classic car department which focuses on heritage sales, service, spares and restoration operations. The 36-hectare (90-acre) factory in St Athan, Wales is the company's newest facility, and features three converted 'super-hangars' from MOD St Athan. It serves as the production site of Aston Martin's first-ever SUV the DBX, as well as future Lagonda models.[9] The Aston Martin brand is increasingly being used, mostly through licensing, on other products including a submarine,[10] real estate development,[11] and aircraft.[12]

History

Founding

Aston Martin was founded in 1913 by Lionel Martin and Robert Bamford.[13] The two had joined forces as Bamford & Martin the previous year to sell cars made by Singer from premises in Callow Street, London where they also serviced GWK and Calthorpe vehicles. Martin raced specials at Aston Hill near Aston Clinton, and the pair decided to make their own vehicles.[14] The first car to be named Aston Martin was created by Martin by fitting a four-cylinder Coventry-Simplex engine to the chassis of a 1908 Isotta Fraschini.[15][16]

They acquired premises at Henniker Mews[17] in Kensington and produced their first car in March 1915. Production could not start because of the outbreak of the first World War, when Martin joined the Admiralty and Bamford joined the Army Service Corps.[18]

Inter–war years
1923 Razor Blade Team car
1924 tourer
1937 2-Litre open 2/4-seater Speed model, Kop Hill 2010

After the war they found new premises at Abingdon Road, Kensington and designed a new car. Bamford left in 1920 and Bamford & Martin was revitalised with funding from Count Louis Zborowski. In 1922, Bamford & Martin produced cars to compete in the French Grand Prix, which went on to set world speed and endurance records at Brooklands. Three works Team Cars with 16-valve twin cam engines were built for racing and record-breaking: chassis number 1914, later developed as the Green Pea; chassis number 1915, the Razor Blade record car; and chassis number 1916, later developed as the Halford Special.[19]

Approximately 55 cars were built for sale in two configurations; long chassis and short chassis. Bamford & Martin went bankrupt in 1924 and was bought by Dorothea, Lady Charnwood who put her son John Benson on the board. Bamford & Martin got into financial difficulty again in 1925 and Martin was forced to sell the company (Bamford had already left).[20]

Later that year, Bill Renwick, Augustus (Bert) Bertelli and investors including Lady Charnwood took control of the business. They renamed it Aston Martin Motors and moved it to the former Whitehead Aircraft Limited Hanworth works in Feltham. Renwick and Bertelli had been in partnership some years and had developed an overhead-cam four-cylinder engine using Renwick's patented combustion chamber design, which they had tested in an Enfield-Allday chassis. The only "Renwick and Bertelli" motor car made, it was known as "Buzzbox" and still survives.[21]

The pair had planned to sell their engine to motor manufacturers, but having heard that Aston Martin was no longer in production realised they could capitalise on its reputation to jump-start the production of a completely new car.[21]

Between 1926 and 1937 Bertelli was both technical director and designer of all new Aston Martins, since known as "Bertelli cars". They included the 1½-litre "T-type", "International", "Le Mans", "MKII" and its racing derivative, the "Ulster", and the 2-litre 15/98 and its racing derivative, the "Speed Model". Most were open two-seater sports cars bodied by Bert Bertelli's brother Enrico (Harry), with a small number of long-chassis four-seater tourers, dropheads and saloons also produced.[21]

Bertelli was a competent driver keen to race his cars, one of few owner/manufacturer/drivers. The "LM" team cars were very successful in national and international motor racing including at Le Mans.[21]

Financial problems reappeared in 1932. Aston Martin was rescued for a year by Lance Prideaux Brune before passing it on to Sir Arthur Sutherland. In 1936, Aston Martin decided to concentrate on road cars, producing just 700 until World War II halted work. Production shifted to aircraft components during the war.[22][23]

1947–1972: David Brown
1958 Aston Martin DB Mark III

In 1947, old-established (1860) privately owned Huddersfield gear and machine tools manufacturer David Brown Limited bought Aston Martin putting it under control of its Tractor Group. David Brown became Aston Martin's latest saviour.[24] He also acquired without its factory Lagonda's business[25] for its 2.6-litre W. O. Bentley-designed engine. Lagonda moved operations to Newport Pagnell and shared engines, resources and workshops. Aston Martin began to build the classic "DB" series of cars.[26]

In April 1950, they announced planned production of their Le Mans prototype to be called the DB2,[27] followed by the DB2/4 in 1953, the DB2/4 MkII in 1955, the DB Mark III in 1957 and the Italian-styled 3.7 L DB4 in 1958.[26]

While these models helped Aston Martin establish a good racing pedigree, the DB4 stood out and yielded the famous DB5 in 1963. Aston stayed true to its grand touring style with the DB6 (1965–70), and DBS (1967–1972).[26]

The six-cylinder engines of these cars from 1954 up to 1965 were designed by Tadek Marek.[28]

1972–1975: William Willson
The Tadek Marek-designed V8 engine was a mainstay of the Aston Martin lineup for decades, and was built from 1969 until 2000.

Aston Martin was often financially troubled. In 1972, David Brown paid off all its debts, said to be £5 million or more, and handed it for £101 to Company Developments, a Birmingham-based investment bank consortium chaired by accountant William Willson.[29] More detail on this period may be read at Willson's biography. The worldwide recession, lack of working capital and the difficulties of developing an engine to meet California's exhaust emission requirements – it stopped the company's US sales – again pulled Aston Martin into receivership at the end of 1974. The company had employed 460 workers when the manufacturing plant closed.[30]

1975–1981: Sprague and Curtis

The receiver sold the business in April 1975 for £1.05 million to North American businessmen Peter Sprague of National Semiconductor, Toronto hotelier George Minden,[31] and Jeremy Turner, a London businessman,[32] who insisted to reporters Aston Martin remained a British controlled business. Sprague later claimed he had fallen in love with the factory, not the cars, the workforce's craftsmanship dedication and intelligence. At this point, he and Minden had brought in investor, Alan Curtis, a British office property developer together with George Flather, a retired Sheffield steel magnate.[33]

Six months later, in September 1975, the factory – shut-down the previous December – re-opened under its new owner as Aston Martin Lagonda Limited with 100 employees and plans to lift staff to 250 by the end of 1975.[30] In January 1976, AML revealed that it now held orders for 150 cars for the US, 100 for other markets and another 80 from a Japanese importing agency.[34] At the Geneva Motor Show, Fred Hartley, managing director and sales director for 13 years before that, announced he had resigned over "differences in marketing policy".[35]

The new owners pushed Aston Martin into modernising its line, introducing the V8 Vantage in 1977, the convertible Volante in 1978, and the one-off Bulldog styled by William Towns in 1980. Towns also styled the futuristic new Lagonda saloon, based on the V8 model.[36]

Curtis, who had a 42% stake in Aston Martin,[37] also brought about a change in direction from the usual customers who were Aston Martin fanatics (fans) to successful young married businessmen. Prices had been increased by 25%.[33] There was speculation that AML was about to buy Italian automobile manufacturer Lamborghini.[38] At the end of the 1970s, there was widespread debate about running MG into the Aston Martin consortium. 85 Tory MPs formed themselves into a pressure group to get British Leyland to release their grip and hand it over.[39] CH Industrials plc (car components) bought a 10% share in AML. But in July 1980, blaming a recession, AML cut back their workforce of 450 by more than 20% making those people redundant.[40]

1981–1991: Victor Gauntlett

In January 1981, there having been no satisfactory revival partners, Alan Curtis and Peter Sprague announced they had never intended to maintain a long-term financial stake in Aston Martin Lagonda and it was to be sold to Pace Petroleum's Victor Gauntlett. Sprague and Curtis pointed out that under their ownership AML finances had improved to where an offer for MG might have been feasible.[41]

Gauntlett bought a 12.5% stake in Aston Martin for £500,000 via Pace Petroleum in 1980, with Tim Hearley of CH Industrials taking a similar share. Pace and CHI took over as joint 50/50 owners at the beginning of 1981, with Gauntlett as executive chairman. Gauntlett also led the sales team, and after some development and publicity when the Lagonda became the world's fastest four-seater production car, was able to sell the car in Oman, Kuwait, and Qatar.[42]

In 1982, Aston Martin was granted a Royal Warrant of Appointment by the Prince of Wales.[3]

Understanding that it would take some time to develop new Aston Martin products, they created an engineering service subsidiary to develop automotive products for other companies. It was decided to use a trade name of Salmons & Son, their in-house coachbuilder, Tickford, which Aston Martin had bought in 1955. Tickford's name had been long associated with expensive high-quality carriages and cars along with their folding roofs. New products included a Tickford Austin Metro, a Tickford Ford Capri and even Tickford train interiors, particularly on the Jaguar XJS.[42] Pace continued sponsoring racing events, and now sponsored all Aston Martin Owners Club events, taking a Tickford-engined Nimrod Group C car owned by AMOC President Viscount Downe, which came third in the Manufacturers Championship in both 1982 and 1983. It also finished seventh in the 1982 24 Hours of Le Mans race. However, sales of production cars were now at an all-time low of 30 cars produced in 1982.[42]

As trading became tighter in the petroleum market, and Aston Martin was requiring more time and money, Gauntlett agreed to sell Hays/Pace to the Kuwait Investment Office in September 1983. As Aston Martin required greater investment, he also agreed to sell his share holding to American importer and Greek shipping tycoon Peter Livanos, who invested via his joint venture with Nick and John Papanicolaou, ALL Inc. Gauntlett remained chairman of AML, 55% of the stake was owned by ALL, with Tickford a 50/50 venture between ALL and CHI. The uneasy relationship was ended when ALL exercised options to buy a larger share in AML; CHI's residual shares were exchanged for CHI's complete ownership of Tickford, which retained the development of existing Aston Martin projects. In 1984, Papanicolaou's Titan shipping business was in trouble so Livanos's father George bought out the Papanicolaou's shares in ALL, while Gauntlett again became a shareholder with a 25% holding in AML. The deal valued Aston Martin/AML at £2 million, the year it built its 10,000th car.[42]

Although as a result Aston Martin had to make 60 members of the workforce redundant, Gauntlett bought a stake in Italian styling house Zagato, and resurrected its collaboration with Aston Martin.[43]

Aston Martin V8 Vantage from The Living Daylights

In 1986, Gauntlett negotiated the return of the fictional British secret agent James Bond to Aston Martin. Cubby Broccoli had chosen to recast the character using actor Timothy Dalton, in an attempt to re-root the Bond-brand back to a more Sean Connery-like feel. Gauntlett supplied his personal pre-production Vantage for use in the filming of The Living Daylights, and sold a Volante to Broccoli for use at his home in America. Gauntlett turned down the role of a KGB colonel in the film, however: "I would have loved to have done it but really could not afford the time."[44]

Aston Martin needed funds to survive in the long term. In May 1987, Gauntlett and Prince Michael of Kent were staying at the home of Contessa Maggi, the wife of the founder of the original Mille Miglia, while watching the revival event. Another house guest was Walter Hayes, vice-president of Ford of Europe. Despite problems over the previous acquisition of AC Cars, Hayes saw the potential of the brand and the discussion resulted in Ford taking a share holding in September 1987.[45] In 1988, having produced some 5,000 cars in 20 years, a revived economy and successful sales of limited edition Vantage, and 52 Volante Zagato coupés at £86,000 each; Aston Martin finally retired the ancient V8 and introduced the Virage range.[46]

Although Gauntlett was contractually to stay as chairman for two years, his racing interests took the company back into sports car racing in 1989 with limited European success. However, with engine rule changes for the 1990 season and the launch of the new Volante model, Ford provided the limited supply of Cosworth engines to the Jaguar cars racing team. As the entry-level DB7 would require a large engineering input, Ford agreed to take full control of Aston Martin, and Gauntlett handed over Aston Martin's chairmanship to Hayes in 1991.[47] In 1992, the high-performance variant of the Virage called the Vantage was announced, and the following year Aston Martin renewed the DB range by announcing the DB7.[48]

1991–2007: Ford Motor Company

Ford placed Aston Martin in the Premier Automotive Group, invested in new manufacturing and ramped up production. In 1994, Ford opened a new factory at Banbury Road in Bloxham to manufacture the DB7. In 1995, Aston Martin produced a record 700 cars. Until the Ford era, cars had been produced by hand coachbuilding craft methods, such as the English wheel. In 1998, the 2,000th DB7 was built, and in 2002, the 6,000th, exceeding production of all of the previous DB series models. The DB7 range was revamped by the addition of more powerful V12 Vantage models in 1999, and in 2001, Aston Martin introduced the V12-engined flagship model called the Vanquish which succeeded the aging Virage (now called the V8 Coupé).[49]

At the North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan in 2003, Aston Martin introduced the AMV8 Vantage concept car. Expected to have few changes before its introduction in 2005, the Vantage brought back the classic V8 engine to allow Aston Martin to compete in a larger market. 2003 also saw the opening of the Gaydon factory, the first purpose-built factory in Aston Martin's history. The facility sits on a 22-hectare (55-acre) site of a former RAF V Bomber airbase, with an 8,000 square metres (86,000 sq ft) front building for offices, meeting rooms and customer reception, and a 35,000 square metres (380,000 sq ft) production building.[8][50] Also introduced in 2003 was the DB9 coupé, which replaced the ten-year-old DB7. A convertible version of the DB9, the DB9 Volante, was introduced at the 2004 Detroit auto show.[51]

In October 2004, Aston Martin set up the dedicated 12,500 square metres (135,000 sq ft) AMEP engine production plant within the Ford Germany Niehl, Cologne plant. With the capacity to produce up to 5,000 engines a year by 100 specially trained personnel, like traditional Aston Martin engine production from Newport Pagnell, assembly of each unit was entrusted to a single technician from a pool of 30, with V8 and V12 variants assembled in under 20 hours. By bringing engine production back to within Aston Martin, the promise was that Aston Martin would be able to produce small runs of higher performance variants' engines.[52] This expanded engine capacity allowed the entry-level V8 Vantage sports car to enter production at the Gaydon factory in 2006, joining the DB9 and DB9 Volante.[53]

In December 2003, Aston Martin announced it would return to motor racing in 2005. A new division was created, called Aston Martin Racing, which became responsible, together with Prodrive, for the design, development, and management of the DBR9 program. The DBR9 competes in the GT class in sports car races, including the world-famous 24 Hours of Le Mans.[54]

In 2006, an internal audit led Ford to consider divesting itself of parts of its Premier Automotive Group. After suggestions of selling Jaguar Cars, Land Rover, or Volvo Cars were weighed, Ford announced in August 2006 it had engaged UBS AG to sell all or part of Aston Martin at auction.[55]

2007–2018: Private Limited Company

On 12 March 2007, a consortium led by Prodrive chairman David Richards purchased Aston Martin for £475 million (US$848 million).[56] The group included American investment banker John Singers and two Kuwaiti companies namely Investment Dar and Adeem Investment;[57][58] Prodrive had no financial involvement in the deal.[59] Ford kept a stake in Aston Martin valued at £40 million (US$70 million).[60]

To demonstrate the V8 Vantage's durability across hazardous terrain and promote the car in China, the first east–west crossing of the Asian Highway was undertaken between June and August 2007. A pair of Britons drove 12,089 km (7,512 miles) from Tokyo to Istanbul before joining the European motorway network for another 3,259 km (2,025 miles) to London. The promotion was so successful Aston Martin opened dealerships in Shanghai and Beijing within three months.[61]

On 19 July 2007, the Newport Pagnell plant rolled out the last of nearly 13,000 cars made there since 1955, a Vanquish S. The Tickford Street facility was converted to Aston Martin Works which focuses on heritage sales, service, spares and restoration operations.[62] UK production is now concentrated on the 22-hectare (55-acre) facility in Gaydon on the former RAF V Bomber airbase.[63] In March 2008, Aston Martin announced a partnership with Magna Steyr to outsource manufacture of over 2,000 cars annually to Graz, Austria, reassuringly stating: "The continuing growth and success of Aston Martin is based upon Gaydon as the focal point and heart of the business, with the design and engineering of all Aston Martin products continuing to be carried out there."[64]

More dealers in Europe and the new pair in China brought the total to 120 in 28 countries.[65] On 1 September 2008, Aston Martin announced the revival of the Lagonda marque, proposing a concept car to be shown in 2009 to coincide with the brand's 100th anniversary. The first production cars were slated for production in 2012.[66] In December 2008, Aston Martin announced it would cut its workforce from 1,850 to 1,250 due to the economic recession.[67]

The first four-door Rapide grand tourers rolled out of the Magna Steyr factory in Graz, Austria in 2010.[68] The contract manufacturer provides dedicated facilities to ensure compliance with the exacting standards of Aston Martin and other marques, including Mercedes-Benz. Then CEO of the company, Dr. Ulrich Bez had publicly speculated about outsourcing all of Aston Martin's operations with the exception of marketing.[69] In September 2011, it was announced that production of the Rapide would be returned to Gaydon in the second half of 2012, restoring all of the company's automobile manufacture there.[70]

Italian private equity fund Investindustrial signed a deal on 6 December 2012 to buy a 37.5% stake in Aston Martin, investing £150 million as a capital increase.[71][72][73][74] This was confirmed by Aston Martin in a press release on 7 December 2012.[75] David Richards left Aston Martin in 2013, returning to concentrate on Prodrive.[76]

In April 2013, it was reported that Dr. Ulrich Bez would be leaving his role as the Chief Executive Officer to take up a more ambassadorial position.[77] On 2 September 2014, Aston Martin announced it had appointed the Nissan executive Andy Palmer as the new CEO[78] with Ulrich Bez retaining a position as non-executive chairman. As sales had been declining from 2015, Aston Martin sought new customers (particularly wealthy female buyers) with introducing concept cars like the DBX SUV along with track focused cars like the Vulcan.[79][80] According to Palmer, the troubles started when sales of the DB9 failed to generate sufficient fund to develop next-generation models which led to a downward spiral of declining sales and profitability.[81]

Palmer outlined that the company plans to develop two new platforms, add a crossover, refresh its supercar lineup and leverage its technology alliance with Daimler as part of its six-year plan to make the 100-year-old British brand consistently profitable. He stated, "In the first century we went bankrupt seven times. The second century is about making sure that is not the case."[81] In preparation for its next-generation of sports cars, the company invested £20 million ($33.4 million) to expand its manufacturing plant in Gaydon. The expansion at the Gaydon plant includes a new chassis and pilot build facility, as well as an extension of the parts and logistics storage area, and new offices. In total, Aston Martin will add 10,000 square-meters (107,639 square-feet) to the plant.[82]

In 2014, Aston Martin suffered a pre-tax loss of £72 million, almost triple of the amount of 2013 selling 3,500 cars during the year, well below the 7,300 cars sold in 2007 and 4,200 sold in 2013 respectively.[83] In March 2014, Aston Martin issued "payment in kind" notes of US$165 million, at 10.25% interest, in addition to the £304 million of senior secured notes at 9.25% issued in 2011.[83] Aston Martin also had to secure an additional investment of £200 million from its shareholders to fund development of new models.[83] It was reported that Aston Martin's pre-tax losses for 2016 increased by 27% to £162.8 million, the sixth year it continued to suffer a loss.[84]

In 2016, the company selected St Athan, South Wales as the site of its new factory. The Welsh facility was unanimously chosen by Aston's board despite fierce competition from other locations as far afield as the Americas, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Europe, as well as two other sites in the UK, believed to be Bridgend and Birmingham. The facility featured three existing ‘super-hangars’ of MOD St Athan.[85] Construction work of converting the hangars commenced in 2017.[86] Aston Martin returned to profit in 2017 after selling over 5,000 cars. The company made a pre-tax profit of £87 million compared with a £163 million loss in 2016.[87] 2017 also marked the return of production of the Newport Pagnell facility ten years after it originally ceased.[88]

2013–present: Partnership with Daimler AG

In 2013, Aston Martin signed a deal with Daimler AG, which owned a 5% stake in Aston Martin, to supply the next generation of Aston Martin cars with Mercedes-AMG engines.[89] Mercedes-AMG also was to supply Aston Martin with electrical systems. This technical partnership was intended to support Aston Martin's launch of a new generation of models that would incorporate new technology and engines.[90][91] The first model to sport the Mercedes-Benz technology was the DB11, announced at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show which also has Mercedes-Benz electronics for the entertainment, navigation and other systems.[92] The 2018 V8 Vantage, unveiled in late 2017, employed a Mercedes-Benz twin-turbocharged V8 engine and infotainment systems.[93] Mercedes will increase its holding "in stages" from 5% to 20%.[94]

2018–present: Listed on the London Stock Exchange

After "completing a turnaround for the once perennially loss-making company that could now be valued at up to 5 billion pounds ($6.4 billion),"[95] and now reporting a full-year pre-tax profit of £87 million (compared with a £163 million loss in 2016) Aston Martin in August 2018 announced plans to float the company at the London Stock Exchange as Aston Martin Lagonda Global Holdings plc.[96][95] The company was the subject of an initial public offering on the London Stock Exchange on 3 October 2018.[5] In June 2019, Aston Martin opened its new 36-hectare (90-acre) factory in St Athan for the production of its first-ever SUV the DBX, and two new models under the Lagonda marque.[97][98] The factory was finally completed and officially opened on 6 December 2019. When full production begins in the second quarter of 2020, around 600 people will be employed at the factory, rising to 750 when peak production is reached.[99][100]

On 31 January 2020 it was announced that Canadian billionaire and investor Lawrence Stroll was leading a consortium who will pay £182 million in return for 25% stake in the company. The re-structuring includes a £318 million cash infusion through a new rights issue, generating a total of £500 million for the company. Stroll will also be named as chairman, replacing Penny Hughes.[101][102][103][104][105] Swiss pharmaceutical magnate Ernesto Bertarelli and Mercedes-AMG Petronas Motorsport team principal and CEO Toto Wolff have also joined the consortium, acquiring 3.4% and 4.8% stakes, respectively.[106] On 26 May 2020, Aston Martin announced that Andy Palmer had stepped down as CEO. Tobias Moers of Mercedes-AMG will succeed him starting 1 August, with Keith Stanton as interim chief operating officer.[107][108] In June 2020, the company announced that it cut out 500 jobs as a result of the poor sales, an outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.[109]

Notable events

In August 2017, a 1956 Aston Martin DBR1/1 sold at a Sotheby's auction at the Pebble Beach, California Concours d'Elegance for US$22,550,000, which made it the most expensive British car ever sold at an auction, according to Sotheby's. The car was previously driven by Carroll Shelby and Stirling Moss.[110][111]

Models

Pre-war cars
  • 1921–1925 Aston Martin Standard Sports
  • 1927–1932 Aston Martin First Series
  • 1929–1932 Aston Martin International
  • 1932–1932 Aston Martin International Le Mans
  • 1932–1934 Aston Martin Le Mans
  • 1933–1934 Aston Martin 12/50 Standard
  • 1934–1936 Aston Martin Mk II
  • 1934–1936 Aston Martin Ulster
  • 1936–1940 Aston Martin 2-litre Speed Models (23 built) The last 8 were fitted with C-type bodywork
  • 1937–1939 Aston Martin 15/98

Post-war cars

Other

Current models

Upcoming models

Brand expansion

Since 2015, Aston Martin has sought to increase its appeal to women as a luxury lifestyle brand.[121] A female advisory panel was established to adapt the design of the cars to the taste of women.[122] In September 2016, a 37-foot-long Aston Martin speedboat was unveiled called the Aston Martin AM37 powerboat.[123] In September 2017, Aston Martin announced that they had partnered with submarine building company Triton Submarines to build a submarine called Project Neptune.[124] Aston Martin has collaborated with the luxury clothing company Hackett London to deliver items of clothing.[125] In November 2017, Aston Martin unveiled a special limited edition bicycle after collaborating with bicycle manufacturer Storck.[126]

Aston Martin and global property developer G&G Business Developments are currently building a 66-storey luxury condominium tower called Aston Martin Residences at 300 Biscayne Boulevard Way in Miami, Florida, which is set for completion in 2021.[127]

In July 2018, Aston Martin unveiled the Volante Vision Concept, a luxury concept aircraft with vertical take-off and landing capabilities.[128] Also in July, a Lego version of James Bond's DB5 car was put on sale[129] and an Aston Martin-branded watch was released in collaboration with TAG Heuer.[130]

In October 2018, Aston Martin announced it was opening a design and brand studio in Shanghai.[131]

Motorsport
See also: Aston Martin Racing

Formula One
Main article: Aston Martin in Formula One
See also: List of Formula One constructors

Aston Martin participated as a Formula One constructor in 1959 and 1960 entering six races over the two years but failing to score any points. In January 2020, it was announced that the Racing Point F1 Team is due to be rebranded as Aston Martin for the 2021 season, as a result of a funding investment led by Racing Point owner Lawrence Stroll.[132]

Race cars (post-war)
DBR1/2 at Goodwood Festival of Speed 2009
Part of Aston Martin's most recent racing program, Charouz Racing System competed with sports prototypes powered by an Aston Martin V12
Aston Martin DBR9

Aston Martin-powered race cars

24 Hours of Le Mans finishes
Year Pos Class No Team Drivers Chassis Engine Laps
1931 5 1.5 25 Aston Martin A.C. Bertelli
Maurice Harvey		 Aston Martin 1½-litre International Aston Martin 1.5L I4 139
1932 5 1.5 20 Aston Martin Ltd. Sammy Newsome
Henken Widengren		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Le Mans Aston Martin 1.5L I4 174
7 1.5 21 Aston Martin Ltd. A.C. Bertelli
Pat Driscoll		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Le Mans Aston Martin 1.5L I4 168
1933 5 1.5 25 Aston Martin Ltd. Pat Driscoll
Clifton Penn-Hughes		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Le Mans Aston Martin 1.5L I4 188
7 1.5 24 Aston Martin Ltd. A.C. Bertelli
Sammy Davis		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Le Mans Aston Martin 1.5L I4 174
1934 10 1.5 20 M.R.E. Tongue Reggie Tongue
Maurice Faulkner		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Le Mans Aston Martin 1.5L I4 188
11 1.5 24 John Cecil Noël John Cecil Noël
Jen Wheeler		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Le Mans Aston Martin 1.5L I4 180
1935 3 1.5 29 Roy Eccles Charles E.C. Martin
Charles Brackenbury		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Ulster Aston Martin 1.5L I4 215
8 1.5 33 Maurice Faulkner Maurice Faulkner
Tom Clarke		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Ulster Aston Martin 1.5L I4 202
10 1.5 32 C.T. Thomas C.T. Thomas
M. Kenyon		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Ulster Aston Martin 1.5L I4 199
11 1.5 31 P.L. Donkin Peter Donkin
Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Ulster Aston Martin 1.5L I4 199
12 1.5 27 John Cecil Noël Jim Elwes
Mortimer Morris-Goodall		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Aston Martin 1.5L I4 196
15 1.5 30 R.P. Gardner R.P. Gardner
A.C. Beloë		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Ulster Aston Martin 1.5L I4 190
1937 5 1.5 37 J.M. Skeffington J.M. Skeffington
R.C. Murton-Neale		 Aston Martin 1½-litre Ulster Aston Martin 1.5L I4 205
11 2.0 31 C.T. Thomas Mortimer Morris-Goodall
Robert P. Hichens		 Aston Martin Speed Model Aston Martin 2.0L I4 193
1939 12 2.0 29 Robert Peverell Hichens Robert P. Hichens
Mortimer Morris-Goodall		 Aston Martin Speed Model Aston Martin 2.0L I4 199
1949 7 S
2.0		 27 Arthur Jones Arthur Jones
Nick Haines		 Aston Martin 2-Litre Sports (DB1) Aston Martin 2.0L I4 207
11 S
2.0		 29 Robert Lawrie Robert Lawrie
Robert W. Walke		 Aston Martin 2-Litre Sports (DB1) Aston Martin 2.0L I4 193
1950 5 S
3.0		 19 Aston Martin Ltd. George Abecassis
Lance Macklin		 Aston Martin DB2 Aston Martin 2.6L I6 249
6 S
3.0		 21 Aston Martin Ltd. Charles Brackenbury
Reg Parnell		 Aston Martin DB2 Aston Martin 2.6L I6 244
1951 3 S
3.0		 26 Aston Martin Ltd. Lance Macklin
Eric Thompson		 Aston Martin DB2 Aston Martin 2.6L I6 257
5 S
3.0		 25 Aston Martin Ltd. George Abecassis
Brian Shawe-Taylor		 Aston Martin DB2 Aston Martin 2.6L I6 255
7 S
3.0		 24 Aston Martin Ltd. Reg Parnell
David Hampshire		 Aston Martin DB2 Aston Martin 2.6L I6 252
10 S
3.0		 28 N.H. Mann Nigel Mann
Mortimer Morris-Goodall		 Aston Martin DB2 Aston Martin 2.6L I6 236
13 S
3.0		 27 P.T.C. Clark Peter Clark
James Scott Douglas		 Aston Martin DB2 Aston Martin 2.6L I6 233
1952 7 S
3.0		 32 Peter C.T. Clark Peter Clark
Mike Keen		 Aston Martin DB2 Aston Martin 2.6L I6 248
1955 2 S
3.0		 23 Aston Martin Ltd. Peter Collins
Paul Frère		 Aston Martin DB3S Aston Martin 2.9L I6 302
1956 2 S
3.0		 8 Aston Martin Ltd. Stirling Moss
Peter Collins		 Aston Martin DB3S Aston Martin 2.9L I6 299
1957 11 S
3000		 21 David Brown Jean-Paul Colas
Jean Kerguen		 Aston Martin DB3S Aston Martin 3.0L I6 272
1958 2 S
3000		 5 P & A.G. Whitehead Graham Whitehead
Peter Whitehead		 Aston Martin DB3S Aston Martin 3.0L I6 293
1959 1 S
3.0		 5 David Brown Racing Dept. Carroll Shelby
Roy Salvadori		 Aston Martin DBR1/300 Aston Martin 3.0L I6 323
2 S
3.0		 6 David Brown Racing Dept. Maurice Trintignant
Paul Frère		 Aston Martin DBR1/300 Aston Martin 3.0L I6 322
1960 3 S
3.0		 7 Border Reivers Roy Salvadori
Jim Clark		 Aston Martin DBR1/300 Aston Martin 3.0L I6 306
9 S
3.0		 8 Major Ian B. Baillie Ian B. Baillie
Jack Fairman		 Aston Martin DBR1/300 Aston Martin 3.0L I6 281
1977 17 GTP 83 SAS Robin Hamilton Robin Hamilton
David Preece
Mike Salmon		 Aston Martin DBS V8 RHAM/1 Aston Martin 5.3L V8 260
1982 7 C 32 Viscount Downe Pace Petroleum Ray Mallock
Simon Phillips
Mike Salmon		 Nimrod NRA/C2 Aston Martin-Tickford DP1229 5.3L V8 317
1983 17 C 41 EMKA Productions Ltd. Tiff Needell
Steve O'Rourke
Nick Faure		 EMKA C83/1 Aston Martin-Tickford 5.3L V8 275
1985 11 C1 66 EMKA Productions, Ltd. Tiff Needell
Steve O'Rourke
Nick Faure		 EMKA C84/1 Aston Martin-Tickford 5.3L V8 338
1989 11 C1 18 Aston Martin
Ecurie Ecosse		 Brian Redman
Michael Roe
Costas Los		 Aston Martin AMR1 Aston Martin (Callaway) RDP87 6.0L V8 340
2005 9 GT1 59 Aston Martin Racing David Brabham
Stéphane Sarrazin
Darren Turner		 Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 333
2006 6 GT1 007 Aston Martin Racing Tomáš Enge
Darren Turner
Andrea Piccini		 Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 350
9 GT1 62 Russian Age Racing
Team Modena		 Antonio García
David Brabham
Nelson Piquet Jr.		 Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 343
10 GT1 009 Aston Martin Racing Pedro Lamy
Stéphane Sarrazin
Stéphane Ortelli		 Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 342
2007 1 GT1 009 Aston Martin Racing David Brabham
Darren Turner
Rickard Rydell		 Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 343[133]
3 GT1 008 AMR Larbre Compétition Casper Elgaard
Johnny Herbert
Fabrizio Gollin		 Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 341[133]
4 GT1 007 Aston Martin Racing Tomáš Enge
Johnny Herbert
Peter Kox		 Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 337[133]
2008 1 GT1 009 Aston Martin Racing David Brabham
Darren Turner
Antonio Garcia		 Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 344
4 GT1 007 Aston Martin Racing Heinz-Harald Frentzen
Andrea Piccini
Karl Wendlinger		 Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 339
2009 4 LMP1 007 AMR Eastern Europe Tomáš Enge
Jan Charouz
Stefan Mücke		 Lola-Aston Martin B09/60 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 373
13 LMP1 008 Aston Martin Racing Anthony Davidson
Darren Turner
Jos Verstappen		 Lola-Aston Martin B09/60 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 342
3 GT1 66 Jetalliance Racing Lukas Lichtner-Hoyer
Thomas Gruber
Alex Müller		 Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 294
2010 6 LMP1 007 Aston Martin Racing Harold Primat
Adrián Fernández
Stefan Mücke		 Lola-Aston Martin B09/60 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 365
3 GT1 52 Young Driver AMR Tomáš Enge
Christoffer Nygaard
Peter Kox		 Aston Martin DBR9 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 311
2011 7 LMP1 22 Kronos Racing
Marc VDS Racing Team		 Vanina Ickx
Bas Leinders
Maxime Martin		 Lola-Aston Martin B09/60 Aston Martin 6.0L V12 328
2012 3 GTE-Pro 97 Aston Martin Racing Darren Turner
Adrián Fernández
Stefan Mücke		 Aston Martin V8 Vantage GTE Aston Martin 4.5L V8 332
2013 3 GTE-Pro 97 Aston Martin Racing Darren Turner
Peter Dumbreck
Stefan Mücke		 Aston Martin V8 Vantage GTE Aston Martin 4.5L V8 314
6 GTE-Am 96 Aston Martin Racing Roald Goethe
Jamie Campbell-Walter
Stuart Hall		 Aston Martin V8 Vantage GTE Aston Martin 4.5L V8 301

Sponsorships

Aston Martin sponsors 2. Bundesliga club 1860 Munich.[134]

See also

References
  1. "Annual Report 2019" (PDF). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  2. "Night of Bond Glamour showcases UK's reputation for creativity". Government of the United Kingdom. 4 October 2016.
  3. "Search Members' Directory – Royal Warrant Holders Association". Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  4. "Aston Martin – Locations". astonmartin.com.
  5. "Aston Martin shares slide on debut". 3 October 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018 – via bbc.com.
  6. "No. 56912". The London Gazette (Supplement). April 2003. p. 1.
  7. "Aston Martin on a roll - with new Silverstone and London bases". CAR Magazine. 21 June 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  8. "Aston Martin HQ, Gaydon". Rolton. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  9. "Aston Martin's new plant comes online with start of DBX SUV production". Motor Authority. 9 December 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  10. "This is Aston Martin's new submarine". 2 May 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  11. "Aston Martin's First Real Estate Project Is Coming to Miami". 28 October 2016.
  12. "aston martin aircraft concept takes luxury personal transportation to the sky". 16 July 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  13. "Company History 1913 – 1920". Astonmartin.com. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  14. Inman-Hunter, E.M. (May 1944). "Notes on the Original Aston-Martin Company". Motor Sport: 92.
  15. "Aston Martin: Car Manufacturer: Great British Design Quest". Design Museum. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  16. "Aston martin 1914–2005". speedace.info. Archived from the original on 28 December 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  17. "Henniker Mews, SW3" (PDF). Mews News. Lurot Brand: 3. Spring 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  18. "No. 29337". The London Gazette (Supplement). 22 October 1915. p. 10477.
  19. The AM Halford Special, The First Five Years, AM Quarterly, Volume 19 Number 77, Summer 1981.
  20. Atkinson, Kevin (2007). The Singer Story. Veloce Publishing. ISBN 978-1874105527.
  21. "Pre-war Aston Martin, Birth to 1932". Ecurie Bertelli. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  22. "A Brief History of Aston Martin | OSV | Learning Centre". OSV. 10 November 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  23. "Lionel Martin Biography: A Great History of Aston Martin Cars". Astrum People. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  24. The David Brown Corporation Limited (Incorporated under the Companies Act. 1948.) The Times, Monday, 12 March 1951; pg. 9; Issue 51947.
  25. The New Lagonda Car. The Times, Saturday, 20 September 1947; pg. 3; Issue 50871
  26. "70 years of Aston Martin DBs: David Brown and his cars". Classic Car Trust. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  27. The 2½-Litre Aston-Martin. The Times, Tuesday, 25 April 1950; pg. 3; Issue 51674.
  28. Classic Cars: The World's Greatest Marques ISBN 978-0-785-81694-2 p. 29
  29. "News and Comment: Aston Martin changes hands". Autocar. 136 (3960): 2. 9 March 1972.
  30. Receiver is called in at Jensen Motors. The Times, Tuesday, 16 September 1975; pg. 17; Issue 59502
  31. Nicols, Mel (September 1978). "The Aston Miracle". Car Magazine: 35–362.
  32. Aston Martin bid final, consortium says. The Times, Friday, 4 April 1975; pg. 19; Issue 59361
  33. Lagonda sets out on a new course. The Times, Monday, 24 April 1978; pg. 18; Issue 60284
  34. Aston Martin Revival. The Times, Saturday, 10 January 1976; pg. 17; Issue 59598
  35. On the Move. The Times, Wednesday, 16 March 1977; pg. 21; Issue 59953
  36. "1980 Aston Martin Lagonda". Hagerty Insurance. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  37. Consortium puts in its bid for MG. The Times, Friday, 25 January 1980; pg. 17; Issue 60533
  38. August car sales may hit peak. The Times, Friday, 18 August 1978; pg. 16; Issue 60383
  39. Sell MG to Aston Martin, MPs say. The Times, Tuesday, 27 November 1979; pg. 16; Issue 60485
  40. The Times, Tuesday, 1 July 1980; pg. 17; Issue 60665
  41. Petrol chief takes over Aston Martin. The Times, Monday, 5 January 1981; pg. 15; Issue 60817.
  42. "Obituary: Victor Gauntlett". The Independent (London). Archived from the original on 3 February 2008. Retrieved 3 February 2008.
  43. "Aston Martin shows off Vanquish Zagato shooting brake's interior". Motor Authority. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  44. "TLD – Press (Allies/MI6)". thegoldengun.co.uk. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  45. "ClassicInside – The ClassicDriver Newsletter". Classicdriver.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  46. "Aston Martin Virage Coupe (1989–2000)". Autocar. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  47. "Keeping the best of British running". The Sydney Morning Herald. 14 April 2003.
  48. "Aston Martin DB7 1993". Royal Automobile Club. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  49. "Aston Martin Vanquish (2001–2007) used car review". RAC. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  50. "ASTON MARTIN LAGONDA HQ, GAYDON". SDC. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  51. "2004 Detroit Auto Show: Aston Martin shows DB9 Volante". Autonews. 12 January 2004. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  52. "Aston Martin s . com – Aston Martin Engine Plant Cologne". Astonmartins.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
  53. "Aston Martin Vantage (2006–2017) used car review". RAC. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  54. "Aston Martin Racing Aston Martin DBR9". Motor Sport. 30 May 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  55. Martinez, James (31 August 2006). "Ford confirms Aston Martin is for sale". Motor Authority. Archived from the original on 21 May 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  56. "00-Heaven! Bond's Car British Again, Sky News, Home". BSkyB. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  57. Inman, Phillip (27 September 2009). "Aston Martin in peril as owner Investment Dar runs out of cash". The Guardian. London.
  58. "Aston Martin sold to UK-led group". BBC News. 12 June 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  59. "David Richards heads consortium to buy Aston Martin" (Press release). Prodrive. 12 March 2007. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  60. "Aston Martin back under British ownership". The Telegraph. 13 March 2007. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  61. "New Aston Martin race series for Asia in 2008" (Press release). Aston Martin. 28 November 2007. Archived from the original on 4 December 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  62. "From Newport Pagnell to Gaydon". The Automobile. November 2007. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  63. Aston Martin Gaydon at Tim Cottingham's Aston Martins (non-official) site Archived 28 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  64. Statement by Aston Martin's CEO, Dr Ulrich Bez Official site, 4 March 2008 Archived 23 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  65. "Aston Martin News – Aston Martin arrives in China". Archived from the original on 23 May 2013.
  66. "Aston Martin News – Aston Martin CEO confirms the revival of the Lagonda Marque". Archived from the original on 23 May 2013.
  67. "England, Third of jobs go at Aston Martin". BBC News. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
  68. Media announcement on official website, 7 May 2010 Archived 23 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  69. Oliver, Ben (3 March 2008). "Aston to build cars abroad". Car Magazine. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  70. Holmes, Jake (7 June 2011). "Production of Aston Martin Rapide Moves to Gaydon, England". Motor Trend. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  71. "Aston Martin sells stake to Investindustrial". BBC News. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  72. Jones, Rhys; Clark, Jennifer (7 December 2012). "Italian private equity fund Investindustrial has signed a deal to buy 37.5 percent of Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd ASTON.UL from its Kuwaiti owner Investment Dar". Reuters. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  73. "Pagina non Trovata". www.ilmessaggero.it.
  74. "Motori 24 - Il Sole 24 ORE". Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  75. "Aston Martin – The Latest News and Press Releases from Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd" (Press release). Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  76. Taylor, Jeremy (4 July 2017). "ME AND MY MOTOR: DAVID RICHARDS, PRODRIVE BOSS AND FORMER WORLD RALLY CHAMPION". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  77. "Ulrich Bez expected to step down as boss of Aston Martin". Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  78. "Andrew Palmer is the New CEO of Aston Martin". Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  79. Hotten, Russell (5 March 2015). "Aston Martin battles to reinvent itself". BBC News.
  80. Hotten, Russell (3 March 2015). "Aston Martin targets female buyers". BBC News.
  81. Gibbs, Nick (9 April 2015). "Aston CEO calls crossover, Daimler deal keys to revival". The Automotive News. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
  82. Udy, Jason (28 May 2014). "Aston Martin Invests $33.4 Million in Gaydon Factory". Motor Trend. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  83. Sharman, Andy (16 October 2015). "Aston Martin reports near tripling of annual losses". Financial Times. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
  84. Pitas, Costas (24 February 2017). "Aston Martin's losses accelerate, new DB11 brings year-end surge to sales". Reuters. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  85. "Aston Martin DBX to be built in Wales". Autocar. 23 February 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  86. "Aston Martin DBX SUV Teased As Welsh Super-Factory Gets Started". motor1.com. 6 April 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  87. "Aston Martin roars back into the black with £87m profit". Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  88. "Production returns to Aston Martin site in Newport Pagnell after 10 years". Milton Keynes Citizen. 4 January 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  89. Holt, Richard (19 December 2013). "Aston Martin signs engine deal with Mercedes-AMG". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  90. Kew, Ollie (25 July 2013). "Aston Martin to use Mercedes AMG V8 engines (2013)". CAR Magazine. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  91. Edelstein, Stephen (25 July 2013). "Germany and England bury the hatchet: Aston Martin and Mercedes-Benz finalize partnership". Digital Trends. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  92. Hayward, Matthew (19 December 2013). "V8 advantage – Aston Martin launches 'more affordable' V8 DB11 grand tourer". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  93. "Aston Martin Vantage interior". Autocar. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  94. "Aston Martin: Mercedes to take 20% stake in luxury brand". 27 October 2020 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
  95. Pitas, Costas. "Aston Martin plans to go public as turnaround picks up speed". Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  96. "Will the Aston Martin IPO crush the market or should you avoid it?". 14 September 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  97. "Aston Martin's St Athan factory in South Wales all set for the DBX". Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  98. "Aston Martin opens new factory in south Wales to build SUV". Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  99. "Aston Martin opens 'pivotal' St Athan factory". Autocar. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  100. "Aston Martin Lagonda Officially Opens New £250m St Athan Factory". Wales247. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  101. "Billionaire Stroll Takes Stake in Aston Martin In $655 Million Rescue Deal". Forbes. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  102. "F1 billionaire owner in Aston Martin rescue deal". BBC News. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  103. "Aston Martin has been bailed out by Formula 1 billionaire". CNN. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  104. "Aston Martin to Sell Stake to Formula One Billionaire". Bloomberg. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  105. "Lawrence Stroll: the F1 boss and fashion tycoon rescuing Aston Martin". The Guardian. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  106. "Looking into Aston Martin's new era after Stroll purchase". Autosport. 23 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  107. "Aston Martin chief leaves after 94% share price collapse". BBC News. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  108. "Aston Martin confirms sacking of chief after share collapse". The Guardian. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  109. Peter Campbell, Philip Georgiadis, Sarah Provan (4 June 2020). "Aston Martin and Lookers cut thousands of jobs as UK car sales slump". Financial Times. London. Retrieved 7 June 2020.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  110. "1956 Aston Martin DBR1/1 sells for record-breaking $22.6 million". Autoblog. 19 August 2017. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  111. "The five most expensive cars on auction at Pebble Beach". CNBC. 16 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  112. Images of One-77 an Aston Martin Lagonda Group site
  113. "Ten-Foot Aston Martin Cygnet Gets 50 MPG, Plays Sidecar to Your DBS". PopSci.com.au. 1 July 2009. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  114. Websoft (16 January 2010). "Aston Martin Fan Club: 2012 Aston Martin Cygnet". Astonmartinfanclub.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2010.
  115. "Aston Martin Fan Club: Aston Martin Lagonda". Astonmartinfanclub.blogspot.com. 21 July 2009. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2010.
  116. Websoft (21 December 2009). "Aston Martin Fan Club: Aston Martin Carbon Black Edition V12 Vantage And DBS Announced". Astonmartinfanclub.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2010.
  117. "Aston Martin Reimagines Racing Legend with CC100 Speedster". Automoblog.net. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
  118. "Aston Martin Vanquish Vision: everything you need to know". CAR Magazine. 25 April 2019.
  119. "Aston Martin DBS GT Zagato: 760bhp special revealed". Autocar. 4 October 2019.
  120. "Aston Martin V12 Speedster unveiled to rival Ferrari Monza SP2". EVO. 4 March 2020.
  121. Clark, Simon (27 May 2015). "Aston Martin Seeks Women Drivers, Luxury Tag". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  122. "Luxury Automakers Are Finally Discovering the Power of Women Buyers". Bloomberg L.P. 13 February 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  123. "Aston Martin powerboat revealed in Monaco". astonmartin.com.
  124. "Project Neptune: Triton and Aston Martin". astonmartin.com.
  125. "Hackett Introduces Second Aston Martin Capsule Collection". astonmartin.com.
  126. "Aston Martin unveils special edition Storck bicycle". astonmartin.com.
  127. "Aston Martin Residences breaks ground in Miami". astonmartin.com.
  128. "Aston Martin race to the skies". astonmartin.com. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  129. "New LEGO Aston Martin DB5 | James Bond 007". James Bond 007. 18 July 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  130. "TAG Heuer Carrera Calibre Heuer 01 Aston Martin Special Edition timepiece goes on global release". astonmartin.com. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  131. Motavalli, Jim. "Aston Martin to Open Design and Brand Studios in Shanghai". Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  132. "Racing Point set to become Aston Martin works team for 2021". Formula One. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  133. "24 Heures Du Mans" (PDF). 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  134. "Aston Martin deal for TSV 1860 Munich". Sports Pro Media. 19 September 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.