List of gendarmeries

A gendarmerie or gendarmery is a military component with jurisdiction in civil law enforcement. The term maréchaussée (or marshalcy) may also be used (e.g., Royal Marechaussee) but is now uncommon.

Although pioneered in France, the concept of a gendarmerie was adopted by several other European nations during the Napoleonic Wars.[1] It remains an integral part of the military establishment in most Francophone states and territories.[1] A somewhat related phenomenon has been the formation of paramilitary units which fall under the authority of civilian police agencies. Since these are not strictly military forces, however, they are not considered gendarmerie.[2]

List of active gendarmeries
Country or territory Image English name Native-language name Notes Refs.
Algeria National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale (الدرك الوطني)
Argentina Argentine National GendarmerieGendarmería Nacional Argentina
Argentine Naval PrefecturePrefectura Naval Argentina
Armenia Police TroopsՈստիկանության զորքեր (Vostikanutyan zorqer)
Armenian Border Guard
Azerbaijan Internal Troops of AzerbaijanAzərbaycan Respublikası Daxili Qoşunları
Bahrain National Guardالحرس الوطني
Public Security Forces
Bangladesh Village Defence Party
Belarus Internal TroopsBelarusian: Унутраныя войскі (Unutranyja vojski)
Russian: Внутренние войска (Vnutrennie voyska)
State Border Committee of the Republic of Belarus
Benin National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale
Bhutan Royal Bhutan Police
Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Republika Srpska)		 Gendarmerie of Republika SrpskaЖандармерија Републике Српске
Žandarmerija Republike Srpske		Bosnia and Herzegovina has two major entity-level ministries of interior, so only Republika Srpska has gendarmerie type unit formed in September 2019.
Brazil Military PolicePolícia MilitarBrazilian states have their own gendarmeries and federal government has a National Public Security Force, a department formed with personal from states' Military Police Forces, Military Firefighters Corps and Civil Police.
Burkina Faso National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale
Burundi National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale
Cambodia Royal Gendarmerie of Cambodiaកងរាជអាវុធហត្ថ
Cameroon National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale
Canada Royal Canadian Mounted PoliceGendarmerie royale du Canada
Canadian Forces Military PolicePolice militaire des Forces canadiennesSworn as peace officers who can arrest civilians on military bases.
Central African Republic Gendarmerie
Chad National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale
Chile Carabineros of ChileCarabineros de ChileThe police of streets, roads and borders.
Chilean GendarmerieGendarmería de ChileThe police of prisons and courts of justice. The national prison service of Chile.
China People's Armed PoliceZhōngguó Rénmín Wǔzhuāng Jǐngchá Bùduì (中国人民武装警察部队)The PAP perform military-civilian police duties. The PAP is a component of the Paramilitary forces of China.
Colombia Corps of Carabiners
Mobile Carabinier Squadrons		Cuerpo de Carabineros
Escuadrones Móviles de Carabineros
Comoros Gendarmerie
Djibouti Djiboutian National Gendarmerie
Egypt Central Security ForcesA separate force known as the Egyptian Gendarmerie was created in 1882 and continued in existence until the overthrow of the monarchy in 1952. In 2014 it was announced that the Gendarmerie were to be recreated, initially for policing and security duties in certain districts of Cairo.
France National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale
Maritime GendarmerieGendarmerie MaritimeThe maritime coast guard wing of the National Gendarmerie.
National GuardGarde nationale
Gabon National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale
Guinea Gendarmerie
Guinea-Bissau National GuardGuarda NacionalCreated in 2010 through the merger of several former security agencies. Modeled on the Portuguese National Republican Guard and other similar organizations.
India Assam Rifles
Border Security Force
Central Industrial Security Force
Central Reserve Police Force
Indo-Tibetan Border Police
Sashastra Seema Bal
Special Frontier ForceThe Assam Rifles, Border Security Force, Central Reserve Police Force, Central Industrial Security Force, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Sashastra Seema Bal and Special Frontier Force are components of the paramilitary forces of India.
The Central Reserve Police Force, including its specialized wing the Rapid Action Force.
Iran Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Iraq National PoliceNot to be confused with civilian Iraqi Police Service, although at present both are highly militarized.
Facilities Protection Service
Iraqi Kurdistan Zeravani
Israel Israel Border PoliceMishmar HaGvul (משמר הגבול)
Italy Corps of CarabineersArma dei CarabinierThe Carabinieri is a component of the Italian Armed Forces.
Finance Guard/ CustomsGuardia di Finanza
Ivory Coast Gendarmerie
Jordan General Directorate of GendarmerieGeneral Directorate of Gendarmerie (قوات الدرك الأردني)
Kuwait National Guardالحرس الوطني الكويتي
Lebanon Internal Security ForcesInternal Security Forces - ISF (قوى الأمن الداخلي)Nicknamed "El Darak"
Lithuania Public Safety ServiceViešojo saugumo tarnyba
Madagascar National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale
Mali National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale
Malaysia Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Mauritania National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale
National Guard
Mauritius Special Mobile ForceArmed paramilitary wing of the Mauritius Police Force
Mexico National GuardGuardia NacionalThe National Guard was created in 2019 by merging the Federal Police (including the National Gendarmerie).
Moldova Carabinier TroopsTrupele de Carabinieri
Moldovan Border Police
Monaco Prince's Company of CarabiniersCompagnie des Carabiniers du PrinceThe Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers provide an armed support service.
Mongolia National Police Agency
Morocco Royal Moroccan GendarmerieGendarmerie Royale (الدرك الملكي)
Auxiliary Forces
Netherlands Royal MarechausseeKoninklijke Marechaussee
Niger National Gendarmerie
National Guard of Niger
Nigeria Nigerian Mobile PoliceArmed paramilitary wing of the Nigerian Police Force
Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps
Pakistan Balochistan LeviesThe Balochistan Levies are a paramilitary force in the Pakistani province of Balochistan.
Frontier ConstabularyThe Frontier Constabulary is a component of the paramilitary forces of Pakistan.
Frontier CorpsThe Frontier Corps are a component of the paramilitary forces of Pakistan.
Gilgit Baltistan ScoutsThe Gilgit Baltistan Scouts are a component of the paramilitary forces of Pakistan.
Kharan RiflesThe Kharan Rifles are a paramilitary unit of the Pakistan federal government.
Malakand LeviesThe Malakand Levies are a paramilitary force in the Pakistani province of Pakhtunkhwa, Malakand Division.
National Guard of PakistanThe Pakistan National Guard is a paramilitary reserve unit of the Pakistan Army.
Pakistan RangersThe Pakistan Ranges are paramilitary law enforcement organisation. The Pakistan Rangers are a component of the paramilitary forces of Pakistan.
Poland Military GendarmerieŻandarmeria Wojskowa
Portugal National Republican GuardGuarda Nacional Republicana
Romania Romanian GendarmerieJandarmeria Română
Qatar Internal Security Forceلخويا
Russia Military PoliceВоенная полиция
Russian National Guard
San Marino Corps of Gendarmerie of San MarinoGendarmeria
Senegal National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale
Serbia GendarmeryŽandarmerija (Жандармерија)
Spain Civil GuardGuardia Civil
Switzerland Border Guard Corps
Federal Office of Police		Both have civilian status.
(The cantonal police of the French-speaking cantons are called gendarmerie, but do not fit any of the criteria.)
Taiwan Military Police中華民國憲兵may be mobilized by prosecutors to investigate civilian crimes
Tajikistan Internal TroopsҚӯшунҳои дохилӣ
Thailand Border Patrol Policeตำรวจตระเวนชายแดนcivilian police status both have paramilitary police and border guard
Togo National GendarmerieGendarmerie Nationale
Tunisia National GuardGarde Nationale
Turkey Gendarmerie General CommandJandarma Genel Komutanlığı
Turkmenistan Internal TroopsTürkmenistanyň içeri işler edaralarynyň işgärlerine
State Border Service of Turkmenistan
Ukraine National GuardНаціональна гвардія України (Natsionalna hvardiia Ukrainy)
State Border Guard Service of Ukraine
Vatican City Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican CityCorpo della Gendarmeria dello Stato della Città del VaticanoGeneral responsibility for security and public order which encompasses all regular police duties, including border control, crime prevention and investigation, and enforcement of financial and commercial regulations.
Vanuatu Vanuatu Mobile Force
Vietnam Vietnam People's Public SecurityCông an Nhân dân Việt Nam
Yemen Special Security Forces
Europe European Gendarmerie ForceFrench: Force de gendarmerie européenne
Italian: Forza di Gendarmeria Europea
Portuguese: Força de Gendarmerie Europeia
Spanish: Fuerza de Gendarmería Europea		Formed by seven members of the European Union: France, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Spain. The European Gendarmerie Force was created as an intervention force at the service of the EU, the NATO, the UN, the OSCE, or other “ad hoc” alliances. It is characterized by its robustness, and quick deployability, and it specializes in the management of crisis areas. Lithuania is currently a Partner Member, and Turkey has Observer status.[3]

List of former gendarmeries
Country or territory English name Native-language name Formed Disbanded Notes Refs.
 Afghanistan Defenders of the RevolutionSarandoy~1980~1988Formed and employed under the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
 Albania International Gendarmerie 1913 1914
Royal Albanian GendarmerieXhandarmëria Mbretërore e Shqipëris1924~1939Formed as a counterweight to the Royal Albanian Army, it employed British advisors on its staff and with the units
Royal Border Guard19291939The Royal Border Guards were a component of the Royal Albanian Army
 Australia Australian native police
 Austria Imperial and Royal Gendarmeriek.k. Gendarmerie18491918Gendarmerie of Cisleithanian part of Austria-Hungary
Federal GendarmerieBundesgendarmerie19182005Renamed k.k. Gendarmerie, dissolved under occupation from 1938 to 1945. Merged with other agencies to form new Bundespolizei in 2005
B-Gendarmerie19491955The precursor of the Austrian Armed Forces
 Azerbaijan Special Purpose Police Unit19901995
 Belgium Belgian GendarmerieFrench: Gendarmerie
Dutch: Rijkswacht		17962001Was formed under French rule in what now is Belgian territory, even before the establishment of Belgium itself (1830). Merged with federal and local police to form a new policing system
Garde Civique18301920
 Belarus Byelorussian Auxiliary Police19411944
 Belgian Congo Force Publique18861960
 Bulgaria Bulgarian GendarmerieZhandarmeriyaThe Bulgarian Gendarmerie was disbanded by the country's General Directorate of Police, and its personnel were absorbed into various specialized police units.
 Canada North-West Mounted Police18731920
 China Green Standard Army16441912
 Colombia National Gendarmerie CorpsCuerpo de Gendarmeria Nacional19061909Created to function decentralized from the National Police command and more militarized regime, managed by the Ministry of War. In 1909 General Jorge Holguín suppressed the National Gendarmerie Corps and gave the provincial governors the authority to organize police services at their own will
 Costa Rica Costa Rican Civil GuardGuardia Civil de

Costa Rica

 19491996
 Cyprus Cyprus Military Police18801935
 Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakian GendarmerieČeskoslovenské četnictvo19181942Managed by the Ministry of Interior. In 1942 merged with police and fire brigades. After the liberation in 1945 created a unified police force—the Corps of National Security (SNB)—that amalgamated gendarmerie, police and intelligence.
State Defence Guard19361939
 Cretan State Cretan GendarmerieΚρητική Χωροφυλακή, Kritiki Chorofylaki18991916
 Denmark Border GendarmerieGrænsegendarmeriet18381958
The Blue GendarmsDe Blå Gendarmer18851897
The Royal Danish West Indies Gendarmerie CorpsDet Kongelige Dansk Vestindiske Gendarmerikorps19071917
Dutch East Indies Marshal Corps On FootKorps Marechaussee te voet18901942
 Estonia Estonian Border GuardEesti Piirivalve19222010
Estonian Auxiliary Police19411944
 Ethiopia Ethiopian GendarmeryZabagna19161936Included the Kebur Zabagna Imperial Guard
 Vichy France Moblie Reserve GroupsGroup Mobile de Réserve19411944
 Gambia Gambia Constabulary18661965
Gambia Regiment19011958
 Georgia Internal Troops of Georgia19912004
 German Empire Field GendarmerieFeldgendarmerie18661918Military police units of the army of the German Empire.
 Weimar Republic Security PoliceSicherheitspolizei19191935Paramilitary anti-riot police
 Nazi Germany Field GendarmerieFeldgendarmerie19331945Military police units of the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany.
Special ServiceSonderdienst19401944Paramilitary units for the suppression of occupied Poland
Police Regiment Centre19411942
Protection SquadSchutzmannschaft (SchuMa)19411944Collaborationist auxiliary police of native policemen serving in occupied areas of the Soviet Union and the Baltic states
 East Germany Border TroopsGrenztruppen der DDR19461990Border troops of East Germany
Barracked People's PoliceKasernierte Volkspolizei19481956Paramilitary police, the precursor of the East German Army
People's Police Alert UnitsVolkspolizei-Bereitschaft (VPB)19531990Paramilitary units of the Volkspolizei (VoPo)
 Germany Gendarmerie Gendarmerie, Landjägerei (rural ranger), Landpolizei (rural police), Dragoner, Husaren and other denominations 19th century mid-20th century Due to the distinctive autonomy of the German states, every state has his own history of establishing and denomination. In Prussia for example it was called Royal Prussian State Gendarmerie
Federal Border GuardBundesgrenzschutz19512005The precursor of the Bundeswehr, renamed in Bundespolizei (Federal Police) in 2005
 Greece Hellenic Gendarmerie Ελληνική Χωροφυλακή, Elliniki Chorofylaki 1833 1984 Merged with the City Police and formed the current Hellenic Police
Roman Legion19411943
Security Battalions19431944
National Guard Defence Battalions19481982
 Haiti Gendarmerie of Haiti19151928
Tonton Macoute19591986
 Honduras Gendarmerie of

Honduras

 Gendarmería de

Honduras

 1866 1882
 Hungary Hungarian Royal GendarmerieMagyar Királyi Csendőrség18811945Until 1918 Gendarmerie of Transleithanian part of Austria-Hungary; disbanded by the Interim National Government after WWII because Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie took part in the Holocaust by gathering the Hungarian Jews and giving them to the Nazi German forces.
Law Enforcement and Public Safety ServiceRendészeti Biztonsági Szolgálat20042008Couple years after the fall of the communist regime, a new gendarmerie-type police force within the frameworks of the Hungarian National Police:, Rendészeti Biztonsági Szolgálat was formed and existed between 2004 and 2008.
 Indonesia Indonesian National PoliceKepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia19462000For part of its history (1946–2000), it was a service branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces under the Department of Defense and Security. Since 2000 it operates as an independent civilian police under direct command of the President.
 Iran Islamic Republic of Iran Gendarmerieژاندارمری (Zhāndārmerī)19791990Persian Central Government Gendarmerie 1911–1921, Amniyeh Kol-e Mamlekati 1921–1943; GENMISH 1943–1957; State Gendarmerie 1957–1979; gendarmerie dissolved in 1990
Qarasuran
Ireland Royal Irish Constabulary[4]18221922Royal added to the name in 1867.[5]
Criminal Investigation Department19211923
 Kingdom of Italy Blackshirts19231943
Guardia alla Frontiera19341954The Guardia alla Frontiera was part of the Italian Army.
Italian East Africa Italian African PolicePolizia dell'Africa Italiana19361941Operated throughout Italian East Africa
Italian colonies of Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, Eritrea and Italian Somaliland Zaptié18891942
 Italian Social Republic National Republican GuardGuardia Nazionale Repubblicana19431945Formed by the Italian Social Republic
Black Brigades19441945
 Japan Corps of Law Soldiers (lit)Kempeitai18811945Part of the Imperial Japanese Army
Naval Secret PoliceTokkeitai, 特警隊1945The Imperial Japanese Navy's military police, they were equivalent to the Imperial Japanese Army's Kempeitai. They were also the smallest military police service.
Special Higher Police(特別高等警察, Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu19111945Often shortened to Tokkō (特高, Tokkō ?), established specifically to investigate and control political groups and ideologies deemed to be a threat to public order. Its main function was as a civilian counterpart to the military's Kempeitai.
National Police Reserve19501952National force in Japan until formation of JSDF and NPA
 Kazakhstan Internal Troops of Kazakhstan19922014
 Kingdom of Laos Royal Lao Police19491975
 Latvia Latvian Auxiliary Police19411944
 Lithuania Lithuanian TDA Battalions19411941Predecessor to the Lithuanian Auxiliary Police
Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions19411944
Lithuanian Security Police19411944
 Luxembourg Grand Ducal GendarmerieGendarmerie Grand-Ducale17332000Dissolved under Nazi occupation from 1940 to 1944. Merged on 1 January 2000 with local Police to form the new Grand Ducal Police
 Mexico Rural GuardGuardia Rural18611914In modern Mexico, the name is applied to the part-time Rural Defence Corps.
National GendarmerieGendarmeria Nacional18771970It was a body that has militarized police functions whose jurisdiction in large urban areas.
 Mongolia Internal Troops of Mongolia19952013
 Portugal Mozambique (Portuguese Province) Republican Guard of Lourenço MarquesGuarda Republicana de Lourenço Marques19131924Replaced both the former military Guarda Cívica (Civic Guard) and the Civil Police of Lourenço Marques.
Police Guard of the Mozambique CompanyGuarda Policial da Companhia de Moçambique19141925Military and police force of the territory under administration of the Mozambique Company (Territory of Manica and Sofala). Replaced by the Police Forces of the Mozambique Company (Forças Policiais da Companhia de Moçambique).
 Northern Ireland, United Kingdom Royal Ulster Constabulary19222001
Ulster Special Constabulary19201970
 Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) Northern Rhodesia Police18891964
 Norway Statspolitiet19411945
 Ottoman Empire Ottoman Gendarmerie1869
 Pakistan Gilgit Scouts18891975
Swat Levies1895
Federal Security Force19721977
Mehran Force19421995
Palestine (British Mandate) British Gendarmerie19201926Replaced by the Transjordan Frontier Force on 1 April
 Peru Peruvian GendarmerieGendarmería Nacional del Perú18521924Became the basis of the Civil Guard.
Republican Guard1991
 Philippines Guardia Civil en las Filipinas18681898

The Guardia Civil en las Filipinas (Spanish) translated to the "Civil Guard in the Philippines" was the branch of the Civil Guard organised under the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines and a component of the Spanish Army.
Philippine ConstabularyHukbóng Pamayapà ng Pilipinas19011991Absorbed the Integrated National Police on 1 January 1991 to form the present-day Philippine National Police.
 Poland Border Protection Corps19241939
Internal Security Corps19451965
Territorial Defense Forces19652008
ZOMO19561989
 Portugal Fiscal GuardGuarda Fiscal18851993It was military force controlled by the Portuguese Ministry of Finance, responsible for the tax and customs law enforcement and border surveillance. In 1993, it became part of the National Republican Guard, as the Fiscal Brigade.
Portuguese India Police and Supervion Corps of IndiaCorpo de Polícia e Fiscalização da Índia19241946Transformed in the entirely civilian Polícia do Estado da Índia (State of India Police) in 1946.
 Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) British South African Police18891980
 Russia Internal Troops of Russia19922016
Russian Empire Customs Guards17821832Under the regional authorities or, since 1802, Ministry of Finance
Internal Guards (Russian Empire)18111864Part of the Russian Imperial Army. Special Corps of Internal Guards since 1816
Border Guards18321893Under the Ministry of Finance
Special Corps of Border Guards18931918Part of the Russian Imperial Army under the Ministry of Finance in peacetime
Special Corps of GendarmesОтдельный корпус жандармов18361917Part of the Russian Imperial Army under the 3rd Section until 1880, under the Police Department of Russia afterwards
United States Occupation Zone of West Germany and Austria United States Constabulary-19461952
 Kingdom of Saxony Feldgendarmerie18101812Military police units of the army of the kingdom of Saxony.
 Serbia Pećanac Chetniks19411943
Serbian Volunteer Corps19411945
Belgrade Special Police19411945
Serbian State Guard19421945
Special Police Units19942001
 South Africa Natal Border Guard18781879
Cape Mounted Police18821913
South African Republic Police18861902
South African Constabulary19001908
South West Africa (Namibia) Koevoet19791989Light infantry, counter-insurgency branch of the South West African Police
 Soviet Union Internal Troops19191991
KGB Security Troops
Soviet Border Troops19181992
 Spain Carabineros18291940
Assault GuardGuardia de Asalto19321939
National Republican GuardGuardia Nacional Republicana19361937
Armed Police Corps19391979
 Syria Syrian Gendarmerie19211958Formed by the French to combat local insurgencies,[6] and maintained as late as 1958.[7]
 Thailand Royal Siamese Provincial Gendarmerie18971915Formed in 1897 by Danish mercenaries, integrated with the Royal Thai Police in 1915.[8]
Wild Tiger Corps19111925
 Ukraine Free Cossacks19171918
Ukrainian People's Militia19411941Predecessor to the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
Ukrainian Auxiliary Police19411944
Internal Troops of Ukraine19922014
Berkut19922014
United States Indian Territory Lighthorse?The name given by the Five Civilized Tribes of the United States to their mounted police force. The US Army's cavalry performed gendarme duties until the advent of law and order.
  Vatican City Corps of GendarmesCorpo della Gendarmeria18161974Replaced by a civilian Central Security Office which itself became the Corpo di Vigilanza dello Stato della Città del Vaticano
 South Vietnam Republic of Vietnam National Police19621975
 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia People's Defence Corps of Yugoslavia19441953

See also

References
  1. Lioe, Kim Eduard. Armed Forces in Law Enforcement Operations? - The German and European Perspective (1989 ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 52–57. ISBN 978-3-642-15433-1.
  2. Kumar, Kuldeep. Police and Counterinsurgency: The Untold Story of Tripura's COIN Campaign (2016 ed.). SAGE Publications India. pp. 90–94. ISBN 978-9351507475.
  3. Arcudi, Giovanni; Smith, Michael E. (2013). "The European Gendarmerie Force: A solution in search of problems?". European Security. 22: 1–20. doi:10.1080/09662839.2012.747511.
  4. Emsley, Clive (1999), Gendarmes and the State in Nineteenth-Century Europe, Oxford University Press, pp. 246–247, 267, ISBN 978-0-19-820798-6, Henry Goulburn...drafted a bill for a centralized, permanent armed constabulary linked to salaried police magistrates ... Even Grant condemned what he considered as an attempt ‘to place the whole of Ireland under an armed police, to subject it to a species of gendarmerie’.
  5. Replaced by the Royal Ulster Constabulary and the Garda Síochána on the partition of Ireland in 1922
  6. Deep, Daniel (2012). Occupying Syria Under the French Mandate: Insurgency, Space and State Formation. Cambridge University Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-107-00006-3.
  7. Podeh, Elie (1999), The Decline of Arab Unity: The Rise And Fall of the United Arab Republic, Sussex Academic Press, p. 54, ISBN 1-84519-146-3
  8. Phraya Vasuthep: The Good Danish Soldier of Fortune
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