List of governors general of Canada

The following is a list of the governors and governors general of Canada. Though the present-day office of the Governor General of Canada is legislatively covered under the Constitution Act, 1867 and legally constituted by the Letters Patent, 1947, the institution is, along with the institution of the Crown it represents, the oldest continuous and uniquely Canadian institution in Canada, having existed in an unbroken line since the appointment of Samuel de Champlain in 1627.[1]

Canada
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Canada
Government (structure)
The Crown
Executive (Queen-in-Council)
Legislative (Queen-in-Parliament)
Judicial (Queen-on-the-Bench)
Elections
Local government
Foreign relations
Related topics
 Canada portal

Viceroys of Canada, 1541–1627
Viceroys representing the monarchs of France
#NamePortraitViceroy fromViceroy until
Under Francis I of France (1541–1547)
1 Jean-François de la Roque de Roberval[2][3] 1541 1543
Under Henry III (1574–1589)
2 Troillus des Mesgoüets[2][4] 1578 ?
Under Henry IV (1589–1610)
↓ Troillus des Mesgoüets
(continued)		 1598 ?
3 Aymar Chaste 1602 1603
Under Louis XIII (1610–1627)
4 Henri, Prince of Condé[5] 1614 1619
5 Henri II de Montmorency[6] 1619 1625
6 Henri de Lévis de Ventadour[7] 1625 1627

Governors of New France, 1627–1663
Governors representing the monarchs of France
#NamePortraitGovernor fromGovernor until
Under Louis XIII of France (1627–1643)
1 Samuel de Champlain
(1574–1635)		 1627 1635
2 Charles de Montmagny
(c. 1599–1654)		 1635 →
Under Louis XIV (1643–1663)
↓ Charles de Montmagny
(continued)		 ← 1648
3 Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge
(c. 1612–1660)		 1648 1651
4 Jean de Lauson
(1584–1666)		 1651 1657
5 Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson, Vicomte de Mouzay
(c. 1599–1654)		 1658 1661
6 Pierre Dubois Davaugour
(1625–1709)		 1661 1663

Governors General of New France, 1663–1760
Governors general representing the monarchs of France
#NamePortraitGovernor fromGovernor until
Under Louis XIV of France (1663–1715)
7 Augustin de Saffray de Mésy
(1598–1665)		 1663 1665
8 Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle
(1626–1698)		 1665 1672
9 Louis de Buade de Frontenac
(1622–1698) (first time)		 1672 1682
10 Joseph-Antoine de La Barre
(1622–1688)		 1682 1685
11 Jacques-René de Brisay de Denonville, Marquis de Denonville
(1637–1710)		 1685 1689
9 Louis de Buade de Frontenac
(1622–1698; second appointment)		 1689 1698
12 Louis-Hector de Callière
(1648–1703)		 1698 1703
13 Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil
(c. 1643–1725)		 1703 →
Under Louis XV (1715–1760)
↓ Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil
(continued)		 ← 1725
14 Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois
(1671–1749)		 1725 1747
15 Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière
(1693–1756)		 1747 1749
16 Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière
(1685–1752)		 1749 1752
17 Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville
(c. 1700–1778)		 1752 1755
18 Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal
(1698–1778)		 1755 1760

Governors of the Province of Quebec, 1760–1786
Governors representing the monarchs of Great Britain
#NamePortraitGovernor fromGovernor until
Under George III of the United Kingdom (1760–1786)
19 Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst
(1717–1797)		 1760 1763
20 James Murray
(1721–1794)		 1764 1768
21 Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
KB
(1724–1808)		 1768 1778
22 Sir Frederick Haldimand
KB
(1718–1791)		 1778 1786

Governors-in-Chief/Governors General of the Canadas, 1786–1841
Governors representing the monarchs of Great Britain
#NamePortraitGovernor fromGovernor until
Under George III of the United Kingdom (1786–1820)
23 Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
KB
(1724–1808)		 1786 1796
24 Robert Prescott
(c. 1726–1815)		 1796 1799
25 Sir Robert Milnes, 1st Baronet
(1754–1837)		 1799 →
Governors representing the monarchs of the United Kingdom
↓ Sir Robert Milnes
(continued)		 ← 1805
26 Thomas Dunn
(1729–1818)		 1805 1807
27 Sir James Henry Craig
KB
(1748–1812)		 1807 1811
28 Sir George Prévost
Bt
(1767–1816)		 1811 1815
29 Sir Gordon Drummond
(1772–1854)		 1815 1816
30 Sir John Coape Sherbrooke
(1764–1830)		 1816 1818
31 Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond
KG PC
(1764–1819)		 1818 1819
Under George IV of the United Kingdom (1820–1830)
32 George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie
GCB
(1770–1838)		 1820 1828
33 Sir James Kempt
GCB
(c. 1765–1854)		 1828 1830
Under William IV (1830–1837)
34 Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer
(1775–1850)		 1830 1835
35 Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford
GCB
(1776–1849)		 1835 1837
Under Victoria (1837–1841)
36 John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton
(1778–1863)		 1837 1838
37 John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham
(1792–1840)		 1838 1839
38 Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham
PC
(1799–1841)		 1839 1841

Governors General of the Province of Canada, 1841–1867
Governors general representing the monarchs of the United Kingdom
#NamePortraitGovernor fromGovernor until
Under Queen Victoria (1841–1867)
↓ The Lord Sydenham
(continued)		 1841
39 Sir Charles Bagot
(1781–1843)		 1842 1843
40 Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe
Bt PC
(1785–1846)		 1843 1845
41 Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart
GCB
(1783–1859)		 1846 1847
42 James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin
PC GCB
(1811–1863)		 1847 1854
43 Sir Edmund Walker Head
Bt KCB
(1805–1868)		 1854 1861
44 Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck
PC GCMG
(1819–1894)		 1861 1867

Governors General of Canada, 1867–present
Governors general representing the monarchs of the United Kingdom
##NamePortraitProfessionGovernor fromGovernor untilPrime Minister
Under Queen Victoria (1867–1901)
↓ 1 The Viscount Monck
(continued)		 politician[8] 1 July 1867 14 November 1868 Macdonald
45 2 John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar
GCMG GCB PC
(1807–1876)		 politician[9] 2 February 1869 25 June 1872 Macdonald
46 3 Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava
KP GCB GCMG PC
(1826–1902)		 diplomat[10] 25 June 1872 25 November 1878 Macdonald
Mackenzie
Macdonald
47 4 John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll
KG KT GCMG GCVO PC
(1845–1914)		 author[11] 25 November 1878 23 October 1883 Macdonald
48 5 Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne
KG GCMG PC
(1845–1927)		 politician[12] 23 October 1883 11 June 1888 Macdonald
49 6 Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby
KG GCB GCVO PC
(1841–1908)		 politician[13] 11 June 1888 18 September 1893 Macdonald
Abbott
Thompson
50 7 John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair
KT GCMG GCVO PC
(1847–1934)		 politician[14] 18 September 1893 12 November 1898 Thompson
Bowell
Tupper
Laurier
51 8 Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto
KG GCMG PC
(1845–1914)		 military officer[15] 12 November 1898 → Laurier
Under Edward VII (1901–1910)
↓ ↓ The Earl of Minto
(continued)		 ← 10 December 1904 Laurier
52 9 Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey
GCMG GCVO PC
(1851–1917)		 politician[16] 10 December 1904 → Laurier
Under George V (1910–1931)
↓ ↓ The Earl Grey
(continued)		 ← 13 October 1911 Laurier
Borden
53 10 Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
KG KT KP GCB GCSI GCMG GCIE GCVO GBE TD PC ADC
(1850–1942)		 military officer[17] 13 October 1911 11 November 1916 Borden
54 11 Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire
KG GCMG GCVO PC JP
(1868–1938)		 politician[18] 11 November 1916 11 August 1921 Borden
Meighen
55 12 Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy
GCB GCMG MVO
(1862–1935)		 military officer[19] 11 August 1921 2 October 1926 Meighen
King
Meighen
King
56 13 Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon
GCSI GCMG GCIE GBE PC
(1866–1941)		 politician[20] 2 October 1926 → King
Bennett
Governors general representing the monarchs of Canada
↓ ↓ The Marquess of Willingdon
(continued)		 ← 4 April 1931 Bennett
57 14 Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough
GCMG PC
(1880–1956)		 businessman[21] 4 April 1931 2 November 1935 Bennett
King
58 15 John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir
GCMG GCVO CH PC
(1875–1940)		 author[22] 2 November 1935 → King
Under Edward VIII (1936)
↓ ↓ The Lord Tweedsmuir
(continued)		 ← → King
Under George VI (1936–1952)
↓ ↓ The Lord Tweedsmuir
(continued)		 ← 11 February 1940 King
59 16 Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone
KG GCB GCMG GCVO DSO PC ADC FRS
(1874–1957)		 military officer[23] 21 June 1940 12 April 1946 King
60 17 Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis KG GCB OM GCMG CSI DSO MC CD PC PC
(1891–1969)		 military officer[24] 12 April 1946 → King
St. Laurent
Under Elizabeth II (1952–present)
↓ ↓ The Earl Alexander of Tunis
(continued)		 ← 28 February 1952 St. Laurent
61 18 Vincent Massey
PC CH CD FRSC(hon)
(1887–1967)		 diplomat[25] 28 February 1952 15 September 1959 St. Laurent
Diefenbaker
62 19 Georges Vanier
PC DSO MC CD
(1888–1967)		 army officer, diplomat[26] 15 September 1959 5 March 1967 Diefenbaker
Pearson
63 20 Roland Michener
PC CC CMM CD QC FRHSC
(1900–1991)		 politician[27] 17 April 1967 14 January 1974 Pearson
P. E. Trudeau
64 21 Jules Léger
CC CMM CD
(1913–1980)		 diplomat[28] 14 January 1974 22 January 1979 P. E. Trudeau
65†
[lower-alpha 1]		 22 Edward Schreyer
CC CMM CD
(b. 1935)		 politician[29] 22 January 1979 14 May 1984 P. E. Trudeau
Clark
P. E. Trudeau
66 23 Jeanne Sauvé
PC CC CMM CD
(1922–1993)		 journalist, politician[30] 14 May 1984 29 January 1990 P. E. Trudeau
Turner
Mulroney
67 24 Ray Hnatyshyn
PC CC CMM CD QC FRHSC(hon)
(1934–2002)		 politician[31] 29 January 1990 8 February 1995 Mulroney
Campbell
Chrétien
68 25 Roméo LeBlanc
PC CC CMM CD
(1928–2009)		 journalist, politician[32] 8 February 1995 7 October 1999 Chrétien
69† 26 Adrienne Clarkson
PC CC CMM COM CD FRSC(hon) FRAIC(hon) FRCPSC(hon)
(b. 1939)		 journalist[33] 7 October 1999 27 September 2005 Chrétien
Martin
70† 27 Michaëlle Jean
PC CC CMM COM CD FRCPSC(hon)
(b. 1957)		 journalist[34] 27 September 2005 1 October 2010 Martin
Harper
71† 28 David Johnston
PC CC CMM COM CD FRSC(hon) FRCPSC(hon)
(b. 1941)		 university administrator[35] 1 October 2010 2 October 2017[36] Harper
J. Trudeau
72† 29 Julie Payette
CC CMM COM OQ CD
(b. 1963)		 astronaut, engineer[37] 2 October 2017[36] 21 January 2021[38] J. Trudeau
  1.  †  denotes living former Governors General

Living former governors general of Canada

As of January 2021, there are five living former governors general of Canada. The most recently deceased governor general, Roméo LeBlanc (1995–1999), died on 24 June 2009.

Living as of 4 February 2021
NameTerm of officeDate of birth
Edward Schreyer 1979–1984 (1935-12-21) 21 December 1935
Adrienne Clarkson 1999–2005 (1939-02-10) 10 February 1939
Michaëlle Jean 2005–2010 (1957-09-06) 6 September 1957
David Johnston 2010–2017 (1941-06-28) 28 June 1941
Julie Payette 2017–2021 (1963-10-20) 20 October 1963

Administrators

The following is a list of Administrators of the Government, Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada who were acting governors appointed as the result of the death, resignation or prolonged absence of the sitting viceroy, or for any other reason:

  1. Chief Justice Lyman Duff between the death of Lord Tweedsmuir and the arrival of Earl of Althlone (February 11 to June 21, 1940);
  2. Senior Puisne Justice Patrick Kerwin during the absence of Governor General Lord Alexander and Chief Justice Thibaudeau Rinfret (June 11 to August 2, 1951).
  3. Chief Justice Thibaudeau Rinfret between the departure of the Lord Alexander and the installation of Vincent Massey (January 28 to February 28, 1952);
  4. Chief Justice Robert Taschereau following the death of Georges Vanier and the appointment of Roland Michener (March 5 to April 17, 1967);
  5. Chief Justice Bora Laskin while Governor General Jules Léger was recovering from a stroke (July 2 to December 9, 1974);
  6. Chief Justice Richard Wagner, after the resignation of Julie Payette (January 23, 2021 to present).

See also

Notes

    References
    1. Department of Canadian Heritage (2015). A Crown of Maples: Constitutional Monarchy in Canada (PDF). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-100-20079-8.
    2. Senate of Canada. "Canada: A Constitutional Monarchy". Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from the original on 9 May 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
    3. La Roque de Roquebrune, R. (1979) [1966]. "La Rocque de Roberval, Jean-François de". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
    4. Government of Canada. "The Kings and Queens of Canada: The Crown in Canadian History > Henri III (1551–1589)". Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
    5. Wrong, George M. (2009), Langton, H. H. (ed.), The Chronicles of Canada, II: The Rise of New France, Fireship Press, pp. 33–35, ISBN 9781934757451, retrieved 18 September 2015
    6. Wrong 2009, p. 35
    7. Wrong 2009, p. 51
    8. "The Viscount Monck". The Governor General of Canada. Office of the Secretary to the Governor General. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
    9. "Sir John Young, Baron Lisgar". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    10. Harris, Carolyn. "Lord Dufferin". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    11. Harris, Carolyn. "John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, Marquess of Lorne". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    12. Harris, Carolyn. "The Marquess of Landsdowne, Governor General of Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    13. Harris, Carolyn. "Lord Stanley". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    14. Harris, Carolyn. "John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    15. Harris, Carolyn. "Gibert John Murray Kynynmound Elliot, 4th Earl of Minto". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    16. "Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    17. Harris, Carolyn. "Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    18. Harris, Carolyn. "Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    19. Harris, Carolyn. "Viscount Byng of Vimy". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    20. "The Marquess of Willingdon". Governor General of Canada. Office of the Governor General. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    21. Hillmer, Norman. "Vere Barbazon Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    22. Hillmer, Norman. "John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    23. {{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alexander-cambridge-earl-of-athlone |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia
    24. Hillmer, Norman. "Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada.
    25. Granatstein, J.L. "Vincent Massey". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    26. Monet, Jacques. "Georges Vanier". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    27. Hillmer, Norman. "Roland Michener". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    28. Monet, Jacques. "Jules Leger". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    29. Hillmer, Norman. "Ed Schreyer". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    30. Tremblay, Jean-Noel. "Jeanne Sauvé". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    31. Hillmer, Norman. "Ray Hnatyshyn". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    32. "Roméo LeBlanc". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    33. "Adrienne Clarkson". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    34. "Michaëlle Jean". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    35. Azzi, Stephen. "David Lloyd Johnston". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    36. "Incoming Governor General Julie Payette drops attempt to seal U.S. court records". ctvnews.ca. 21 August 2017.
    37. Raymond, Katrine. "Julie Payette". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
    38. General, Office of the Secretary to the Governor (September 22, 2017). "Former Governors General". The Governor General of Canada. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.