List of people who took refuge in a diplomatic mission
Because diplomatic missions, such as embassies and consulates, may not be entered by the host country without permission (even though they do not enjoy extraterritorial status), persons have from time to time taken refuge from a host-country's national authorities inside the embassy of another country.
Name | Notability | Reason for seeking refuge | Country | City | Mission's country | Start date | End date | Duration | Resolution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
John William, Baron Ripperda | Dismissed Prime Minister of Spain | Sought for fraud, embezzlement | ![]() |
Madrid | ![]() |
April 13, 1726 | May 25, 1727[1] | 407 days | Arrested by the Spanish from inside of Ambassador's official residence (in breach of international law)[2] |
José Manuel Balmaceda | President of Chile | Defeated in the Chilean Civil War | ![]() |
Santiago | ![]() |
August 29, 1891 | September 18, 1891 | 20 days | Committed suicide |
Khalid bin Bargash | Sultan of Zanzibar | Defeated in the Anglo-Zanzibar War | ![]() |
Zanzibar Town | ![]() |
August 27, 1896 | October 2, 1896 | 36 days | Negotiated exile in German East Africa |
Augusto Roa Bastos | Paraguayan novelist, story-writer and journalist | Political persecution after criticising the military regime | ![]() |
Asunción | ![]() |
1947 | 1947 | 40 days[3] | Negotiated exile in Argentina[4] |
Leonardo Argüello Barreto | President of Nicaragua | Ousted by Anastasio Somoza García | ![]() |
Managua | ![]() |
May 26, 1947 | December 1947 | 7 months | Negotiated exile in Mexico |
Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre | Peruvian political theorist and politician; founder of APRA | APRA was outlawed by the Peruvian military-led dictatorship | ![]() |
Lima | ![]() |
January 3, 1949 | April 6, 1954 | 5 years, 3 months, 3 days | After heavy international pressure, was finally allowed to leave the country |
Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán | President of Guatemala | Ousted by Carlos Castillo Armas | ![]() |
Guatemala City | ![]() |
June 27, 1954 | June 28, 1954 | 1 day | Negotiated exile in Mexico |
Imre Nagy | Deposed Prime Minister of Hungary | Soviet intervention | ![]() |
Budapest | ![]() |
November 4, 1956 | November 22, 1956 | 18 days | Received a written guarantee of safe passage, but was nonetheless arrested upon leaving by the new, pro-Soviet government; later executed. |
József Mindszenty | Hungarian Roman Catholic Church cardinal | Soviet Intervention | ![]() |
Budapest | ![]() |
November 4, 1956 | September 28, 1971 | 15 years | Negotiated exile in Austria |
Reino Häyhänen | Soviet Lieutenant Colonel | defection | ![]() |
Paris | ![]() |
November 4, 1956 | May 1957 | 6 months | Moved to the United States |
Sharif Ali bin al-Hussein | Iraqi prince | coup led by Abd al-Karim Qasim | ![]() |
Baghdad | ![]() |
July 15, 1958 | September 1958 | 2 months | Left to exile in Egypt, later to Lebanon and Britain |
Narciso Campos Pontigo | Member of the Cuban military | Jailed after the Cuban revolution | ![]() |
Havana | ![]() |
1959 | 1959 | Set free by personal order of Raúl Castro; got asylum in the Brazilian embassy, then fled to the United States[5][6][7][8] | |
Humberto Delgado | General of the Portuguese Air Force and opponent of the Salazar regime | Ran for President, lost to the official candidate in disputed results and was expelled from the military | ![]() |
Lisbon | ![]() |
January 12, 1959 | April 20, 1959 | 98 days | Went into exile in Brazil |
Olga María Rodríguez Farinas (later Olga Goodwin) and her (and William Alexander Morgan's) two daughters | Cuban revolutionary who, along with her U.S.-born husband, fought in the Cuban Revolution that deposed Fulgencio Batista and led to Fidel Castro's rise to power | escaping persecution from Fidel Castro, who Olga's husband was accused of conspiring against[9] | ![]() |
Havana | ![]() |
December 31, 1960 | March 1961 | 3 months | Left the Embassy in order to try to set her husband free; her husband was executed, and she was arrested and imprisoned for 12 years. |
José Serra | Brazilian politician; at the time, militant against the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964–1985) | escaping persecution from the Brazilian military government | ![]() |
Brasília | ![]() |
April 1964 | July 1964 | 8 months | Was granted safe conduct to leave into exile |
Kong Le | Royal Lao Army Major-General[10][11] | escaped an unsuccessful Coup d'état | ![]() |
Vientiane | ![]() |
October 17, 1966 | October 17, 1966 | 1 day | Left into exile to Indonesia |
Leon Veillard | Captain in the Haitian Army and one of the leaders of the Tonton Macoute militia | Labeled as a traitor by dictator Papa Doc, who feared he was plotting to overthrow his government and sentenced him and others to die.[12] | ![]() |
Port-au-Prince | ![]() |
1967 | 1967[13] | 18 colleagues of Veillard were executed, but he received asylum in the Brazilian Embassy and fled to Florida[12] | |
José Serra | Brazilian politician; at the time, militant against the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964–1985) | escaping persecution from the Brazilian military government | ![]() |
Santiago | ![]() |
1973 | 1973 | 8 months | Was granted safe conduct to leave into exile |
Elena Quinteros | Uruguayan school teacher, detained during the civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay on June 26, 1976 and taken to the torture centre 300 Carlos | Escaped detention | ![]() |
Montevideo | ![]() |
June 28, 1976 | June 28, 1976 | The embassy's personnel attempted to help Quinteros, but she was forcibly taken by Uruguayan policemen and soldiers, and days afterwards she was tortured and killed. The incident prompted Venezuela to break diplomatic relations with Uruguay. | |
Cuban diplomats and civilians | Escaped gunfire at the Cuban Embassy | Persecution after the Chilean military coup | ![]() |
Santiago de Chile | ![]() |
September 11, 1978 | 1978 | Safely brought out of Chile. Cuban embassy under Swedish protecting power for 18 years. Ambassador Harald Edelstam later declared persona non grata. | |
Donald Woods | South African anti-apartheid journalist | Persecution by apartheid government | ![]() |
Maseru | ![]() |
January 1978 | January 1978 | Fled to London, with the help of the British High Commissioner and government of Lesotho, where he was granted political asylum | |
The Siberian Seven | Siberian Pentecostals | prevented from emigrating[14] | ![]() |
Moscow | ![]() |
June 27, 1978 | June 27, 1983 | 5 years (last of them) | Allowed to emigrate to Israel and later the U.S. |
Havana Peruvian embassy crisis | Over 10,000 Cuban citizens | diplomatic protection | ![]() |
Havana | ![]() |
4 April, 1980 | 1980 | Peru granted diplomatic protection to the Cuban citizens. The incident led to the Mariel boatlift.[15] | |
Ange Patasse | Central African opposition leader | opposing Andre Kolingba government | ![]() |
Bangui | ![]() |
February 27, 1982 | March 3, 1982 | 4 days | Negotiated exile to Togo |
Francisco René Bobadilla Palomo | Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Food under President Fernando Romeo Lucas García | deposed by a military junta headed by Efraín Ríos Montt | ![]() |
Guatemala City | ![]() |
1982 | 1982 | Governing junta granted all asylum-seekers safe passage to leave the country | |
Fang Lizhi and his wife | dissident in Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 | forced end of Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 | ![]() |
Beijing | ![]() |
June 5, 1989 | June 25, 1990 | 385 days | Negotiated flight to the United States |
Olivia Forsyth | South African apartheid era ex- spy agent[16] | defection to ANC | ![]() |
Luanda | ![]() |
May 2, 1988 | November 16, 1988 | 198 days | Negotiated flight to the United Kingdom |
Hou Dejian | dissident in Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 | forced end of Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 | ![]() |
Beijing | ![]() |
June 1989 | August 16, 1989 | 72 days[17] | Negotiated exit and deported back to native Taiwan |
Manuel Noriega | Military dictator of Panama | United States invasion of Panama | ![]() |
Ciudad de Panama | ![]() |
December 24, 1989 | January 3, 1990 | 10 days | Negotiated arrest by United States forces |
Michel Aoun | Lebanese Army commander | defeated in Lebanese Civil War | ![]() |
Beirut | ![]() |
October 1990 | August 27, 1991 | 10 months | Left to exile in France |
Hailu Yimenu, Tesfaye Gebre Kidan, Berhanu Bayeh, and Addis Tedla |
Ethiopian Derg-era senior officials; Kidan was the acting president until May 1991 | Fall of the Derg-regime of Mengistu Haile Mariam | ![]() |
Addis Ababa | ![]() |
May 1991 | (Ongoing) | 29 years, 8 months (ongoing) |
Yimenu committed suicide on June 2, 1991, shortly after taking refuge in the embassy.[18] Kidan died in 2004.[19] Bayeh and Tedla remain in the embassy.[20] |
Erich Honecker | General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany | Indicted in Germany for the deaths of 192 East Germans who tried to leave the GDR in violation of anti-Republikflucht laws. | ![]() |
Moscow | ![]() |
December 24, 1991 | March 1, 1992 | 68 days | Extradited by the Yeltsin administration back to Germany |
Mohammad Najibullah | President of Afghanistan | Afghan Civil War | ![]() |
Kabul | ![]() |
April 16, 1992 | September 27, 1996 | 4 years, 5 months, 11 days | Tortured and killed by the Taliban |
Sylvestre Ntibantunganya | President of Burundi | military coup d'état | ![]() |
Bujumbura | ![]() |
July 23, 1996 | June 1997 | 11 months | Negotiated exit |
Abdullah Öcalan | founding member of the Kurdistan Workers' Party | Turkish manhunt | ![]() |
Nairobi | ![]() |
January 1999 | February 15, 1999 | 1 month | Arrested on the way to the airport and tried and imprisoned in Turkey. |
João Bernardo Vieira | President of Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau Civil War | ![]() |
Bissau | ![]() |
May 1999 | June 1999 | 1 month | Negotiated exile in Portugal |
Alassane Ouattara | Presidential candidate in Côte d'Ivoire | First Ivorian Civil War | ![]() |
Abidjan | ![]() |
September 19, 2002 | November 2002 | 2 months | Negotiated exile in Gabon and France |
Lucio Gutiérrez | Deposed President of Ecuador | Tried to interfere in the country's Supreme Court amid a growing political crisis and protests; was declared impeached by Congress and replaced by the Vice-President | ![]() |
Quito | ![]() |
April 15, 2005 | April 24, 2005 | 9 days | Negotiated exile in Brazil, then went to Peru, then to the United States; returned to Ecuador and disputed the Ecuadorian general election, 2009 |
Morgan Tsvangirai | Candidate for President of Zimbabwe | violence during Zimbabwean presidential election, 2008 | ![]() |
Harare | ![]() |
June 22, 2008 | June 25, 2008[21] | 3 days | After negotiations with opponent Robert Mugabe, accepted joining a coalition government and was sworn-in as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe |
Anwar Ibrahim | De facto Leader of the Opposition Malaysia | Death threats and alleged sodomy charge | ![]() |
Kuala Lumpur | ![]() |
June 29, 2008 | June 30, 2008 | 1 day | Left after assurance of his safety by Malaysian police. Was arrested on 16 July, and released without charges on 17 July. Won the August elections and returned to Parliament as formal leader of the Malaysian opposition |
Andry Rajoelina | Deposed mayor of Antananarivo, unilaterally self-proclaimed as president of the Republic of Madagascar on January 31, 2009. | Arrest warrant | ![]() |
Antananarivo | ![]() |
March 6, 2009 | March 16, 2009 | 10 days | Andry Rajoelina appointed as president of the caretaker government by Hippolyte Rarison Ramaroson as Marc Ravalomanana resigns and flees the country |
Alberto Pizango | Peruvian indigenous leader | Commanded protests against the Peruvian government by indigenous Amazonians who seized control of a natural gas field and a petroleum pipeline | ![]() |
Lima | ![]() |
June 8, 2009[22] | June 17, 2009[23] | 9 days | Granted asylum and flown to Nicaragua |
Manuel Zelaya[24] | Ousted President of Honduras | wanted by authorities for putative crimes against the National Constitution | ![]() |
Tegucigalpa | ![]() |
September 21, 2009 | January 28, 2010 | 129 days | Negotiated exile in Dominican Republic |
Shahram Amiri | Iranian nuclear scientist | disappeared from Iran | ![]() |
Washington, D.C. | ![]() |
July 13, 2010 | July 14, 2010 | 1 day | returned to Iran |
Wang Lijun | Former police chief of Chongqing | Conflict with Bo Xilai (Wang Lijun incident) | ![]() |
Chengdu | ![]() |
February 6, 2012 | February 7, 2012 | 1 day | "Left of his own volition" and taken by central government authorities |
Amadou Toumani Touré | Malian deposed president | military coup d'état | ![]() |
Bamako | ![]() |
April 18, 2012 | August 2012 | 4 months | fled to Senegal |
Chen Guangcheng | blind civil rights activist | escape from house arrest | ![]() |
Beijing | ![]() |
April 26, 2012 |
May 2, 2012 | 6 days | Left to go to hospital under unclear circumstances. Was later able to go to the U.S with his family. |
Roger Pinto | Bolivian Senator; leader of the opposition | Political persecution by Government of President Evo Morales | ![]() |
La Paz | ![]() |
May 28, 2012 | August 23, 2013 | 455 days | Left the Embassy in a diplomatic car accompanied by the Brazilian Chargé d'affaires; they drove for 22 hours until arriving in Brazil[25] |
Julian Assange | Australian political activist, editor-in-chief of WikiLeaks | To avoid extradition for questioning about alleged rape and sexual abuse in Sweden and to the United States on a now unsealed Grand Jury indictment | ![]() |
London | ![]() |
June 19, 2012 | April 11, 2019 | 6 years, 9 months, 23 days | Asylum revoked by Ecuador, arrested by Metropolitan Police[26] |
Mohamed Nasheed | Former President of the Maldives, who resigned in 2012 claiming to have suffered a coup d'état | Fearing for his life at the hands of the police after ex-Human Rights Minister and a Brigadier General revealed information about assassination plot after Court order issued for police to arrest him[27][28][29] | ![]() |
Malé | ![]() |
February 13, 2013 | February 23, 2013 | 10 days | Left the Embassy after deal brokered by India[30] |
Bosco Ntaganda | Former commander in the March 23 Movement | Infighting within the March 23 Movement and possibly vulnerable to Rwandan government[31] | ![]() |
Kigali | ![]() |
March 18, 2013 | March 22, 2013 | 4 days | Turned over to the International Criminal Court |
100 Burundians | Students | Aggression from the Government of Burundi[32] | ![]() |
Bujumbura | ![]() |
June 25, 2015 | June 25, 2015[33] | Left peacefully at request,[34] relocated to a center run by a religious entity | |
Ri Ji-u, Kim Uk-il, and Hyon Kwang-song |
Suspects in assassination of Kim Jong-nam | Investigation into the assassination of Kim Jong-nam[35] | ![]() |
Kuala Lumpur | ![]() |
February 2017 | March 30, 2017 | 45 days | Cleared of wrongdoing by Malaysian police and allowed to return to North Korea |
Freddy Guevara | Vice-president of the National Assembly of Venezuela and National Coordinator of Popular Will party | Political persecution by the Government of Venezuela for leading protests against the regime[36][37] | ![]() |
Caracas | ![]() |
November 4, 2017 | September 9, 2020 | 2 years, 10 months, and 2 days | Left the embassy after being pardoned by Nicolás Maduro.[38] |
Leopoldo López | Opposition leader, founder of Popular Will and Sakharov Prize recipient | Freed from house arrest during the 2019 Venezuelan uprising[39] | ![]() |
Caracas | ![]() |
April 30, 2019 | October 25, 2020 | 1 year, 9 months and 5 days | Fled to Madrid, Spain.[40] |
Mariela Magallanes | Deputy of the National Assembly of Venezuela | Political persecution by the Venezuelan government after the 2019 Venezuelan uprising | ![]() |
Caracas | ![]() |
May 8, 2019[41] | November 30, 2019 | 6 months, 3 weeks and 1 day | Fled to Italy[42] |
Américo de Grazia | Deputy of the National Assembly of Venezuela | Political persecution by the Venezuelan government after the 2019 Venezuelan uprising | ![]() |
Caracas | ![]() |
May 8, 2019[43] | November 30, 2019 | 6 months, 3 weeks and 1 day | Fled to Italy[42] |
Richard Blanco | Deputy of the National Assembly of Venezuela | Political persecution by the Venezuelan government after the 2019 Venezuelan uprising | ![]() |
Caracas | ![]() |
May 9, 2019[44] | June 17, 2019 | 1 month, 1 week and 3 days | Fled to Colombia[45] |
Franco Casella | Deputy of the National Assembly of Venezuela | Political persecution by the Venezuelan government after the 2019 Venezuelan uprising | ![]() |
Caracas | ![]() |
May 14, 2019[46] | September 20, 2019[47] | 4 months, 6 days | Fled to Spain[48] |
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