List of wars involving Canada

This is a list of wars involving Canada. The following list includes armed conflicts involving Canada, or the colonies that made up the country prior to Canadian confederation in 1867.

List

Colonial conflicts (10th century – 1867)

The following were conflicts that occurred in present-day Canada from the 10th century to mid-19th century, prior to Canadian confederation. Belligerents in these conflicts typically involved colonies that existed in Canada (i.e. New France, the Canadas, etc.), and/or First Nations groups residing in these region.

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Battle of Vinland
(1003)
Vikings Skræling Viking victory and withdrawal
  • Thorvald Eiriksson was part of an expedition for the exploration of Vinland and became the first European to die in North America.
Beaver Wars
(1609–1701)
Iroqouis Algonquian allies Military stalemate
  • Great Peace of Montreal
  • Growth of French influence in the Great Lakes region
  • Huron-Wendat Confederacy destroyed or assimilated
  • Military refugee migration results in expansion of Iroquois hunting grounds
  • Further Iroquois territorial expansion halted in military campaigns by the Council of Three Fires
Second Anglo-Dutch War
(1665–1667)
 Dutch Republic  Kingdom of England Status quo ante bellum
Third Anglo-Dutch War
(1672–1674)
 Dutch Republic  Kingdom of England Status quo ante bellum
  • Dutch capture of Ferryland on 4 September 1673 by ships Green Wife, Arms of Leyden. Schacator, Unity
  • Ferryland retaken by English in 1674
King William's War
(1688–1697)
 Kingdom of France

Wabanaki Confederacy

 England

Iroquois

Status quo ante bellum
Queen Anne's War
(1702–1713)
 Kingdom of France

 Spain
Wabanaki Confederacy
Caughnawaga Mohawk
Choctaw
Timucua
Apalachee
Natchez

 England (before 1707)

 Great Britain (after 1707)

Muscogee
Chickasaw
Yamasee


Iroquois Confederacy

British-Allied victory
  • France cedes to Britain the control of Acadia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay, and Saint Kitts
Dummer's War
(1722–1725)
New England Colonies
Mohawk
Wabanaki Confederacy
Abenaki
Pequawket
Mi'kmaq
Maliseet
King George's War
(1744–1748)
 Kingdom of France

Wabanaki Confederacy

 British Empire

Iroquois Confederacy

Status quo ante bellum
Father Le Loutre's War
(1749–1755)
Wabanaki Confederacy

 Kingdom of France

 British Empire
  • Nova Scotia
British victory
Seven Year's War
(1756–1763)
 Kingdom of France

Wabanaki Confederacy
Abenaki
Mi'kmaw militia
Acadian militia
Algonquin
Lenape
Ojibwa
Odawa
Shawnee

 British Empire

Iroquois Confederacy
Catawba
Cherokee (before 1758)

British-Allied victory
  • British military conquest of New France
  • France cedes New France east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain, retaining Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and transfers Louisiana to Spain
Pontiac's War  British Empire Ottawas
Ojibwas
Potawatomis
Hurons
Miamis
Weas
Kickapoos
Mascoutens
Piankashaws
Delawares
Shawnees
Wyandots
Mingos
Iroquois
* Military stalemate
  • First Nations concede British sovereignty but compel British policy changes
American Revolutionary War
(1775–1783)
 British Empire

Onondaga
Mohawk
Cayuga
Seneca
Mi'kmaq
Cherokee
Odawa
Muscogee
Susquehannock
Shawnee

 United States
 France
 Spain

Oneida
Tuscarora
Catawba
Lenape
Chickasaw
Choctaw
Mahican
Mi'kmaq
Abenaki
Cheraw
Seminole
Pee Dee
Lumbee

American-Allied victory
  • Incursions into Quebec and Nova Scotia repulsed
  • Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River
  • Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca to Spain
War of 1812
(1812–1815)
 British Empire

Tecumseh's Confederacy
Shawnee
Ojibwe
Fox
Iroquois
Miami
Mingo
Odawa
Kickapoo
Lenape
Mascouten
Potawatomi
Sauk
Wyandot
 Spain (1814)

 United States

Choctaw
Cherokee
Muscogee
Seneca

Status quo ante bellum
  • Military stalemate
Pemmican War
(1812–1821)
North West Company
Metis
Hudson's Bay Company
Selkirk's settlers
  • Merger between the North West Company and Hudson Bay Company
Rebellions of 1837–1838
(18371838)
 Lower Canada
Château Clique

 Upper Canada
Family Compact

Patriotes
Republic of Lower Canada

Hunters' Lodges
Republic of Canada

Government victory
  • Patriote rebellion crushed by loyalist forces; Republic of Canada dismantled
  • Defeat of Hunters' Lodges
  • Unification of Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada

Confederated Canada (1867–present)

The following table lists conflicts involving Canada following Canadian confederation in 1867.

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result Killed Wounded
Fenian Raids
(18661871)
 Canada[note 1] Fenian Brotherhood Victory
  • Fenians cease raids
22 32
Wolseley Expedition
(1870)
 Canada Métis Victory None None
Mahdist War
(18811899)
 United Kingdom
 Canada
Egypt
Sudan Victory 16[1]
North-West Rebellion
(1885)
 Canada Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (Métis)
CreeAssiniboine
Victory 26[2] 103
Second Boer War
(18991902)
 United Kingdom
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 Ceylon
Cape Colony
Natal Colony
Rhodesia
 Orange Free State
 South African Republic
Victory
  • British sovereignty over the Orange Free State and the Transvaal in accordance with the Treaty of Vereeniging
267[3] >250[4]
First World War
(19141918)
 France
 United Kingdom
 Russia
 United States
China
 Italy
 Japan
 Canada
 Newfoundland
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 South Africa
 Serbia
 Montenegro
 Romania
 Belgium
 Greece
 Portugal
 Brazil
 Germany
 Austria-Hungary
 Ottoman Empire
 Bulgaria
Victory 66,944[5] ~172,000[6]
Russian Civil War
(19181920)
White Movement
 France
 United Kingdom
 United States
China
 Italy
 Japan
 Canada
 Australia
 India
 South Africa
 Serbia
 Romania
 Greece
 Czechoslovakia
 Poland
 Estonia
 Russian SFSR
 Far Eastern Republic
Latvian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
Commune of Estonia
Mongolian Communists
Defeat
  • Allied withdrawal from Russia
  • Bolshevik victory over White Army
  • The Soviet Union becomes the new Russian power
14 24
Second World War
(19391945)
 Soviet Union
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
 France
 Poland
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 South Africa
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
 Denmark
 Norway
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Czechoslovakia
 Brazil
 Mexico
 Ethiopia
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
 Hungary
 Romania
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Slovakia
 Finland
 Thailand
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang
Victory ~45,300[7] ~55,000
Korean War
(19501953)
 South Korea
 United Nations
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Australia
 Belgium
 Canada
 France
 Philippines
 Colombia
 Ethiopia
 Greece
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 South Africa
 Thailand
 Turkey
 North Korea
 China
 Soviet Union
Ceasefire
  • Ceasefire armistice
  • North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled
  • UN invasion of North Korea repelled
  • Chinese invasion of South Korea repelled
  • Korean Demilitarized Zone established
  • Little territorial change at the 38th parallel border
516[8] 1,042
Congo Crisis
(19601963)
Congo-Léopoldville
UNOC
 Katanga
 South Kasai
Victory Unknown Unknown
October Crisis
(1970)
 Canada Front de libération du Québec Victory Unknown Unknown
Whisky War
(1984-present)
 Canada  Denmark Ongoing
  • Hans Island continues to be claimed by both Canada and Denmark
  • Both countries are planting their flag on the island and leaving a bottle of Danish or Canadian Whisky
None None
Persian Gulf War
(19901991)
 Kuwait
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Saudi Arabia
 France
 Canada
 Egypt
 Syria
 Qatar
 United Arab Emirates
 Oman
 Bangladesh
Iraq Victory None None
Somali Civil War
(19921995)
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Spain
 Saudi Arabia
 Malaysia
 Pakistan
 Italy
 India
 Greece
 Germany
 France
 Canada
 Botswana
 Belgium
 Australia
 New Zealand
Somali National Alliance Victory 1 None
Bosnian War
(19921995)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Croatia
 NATO
 Republika Srpska Victory
  • Dayton Accords
  • Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Dayton Accords
  • Deployment of NATO-led IFOR to oversee the peace agreement
  • Massive civilian casualties for the Bosniak ethnic group
20 unknown
Operation Medak Pocket
(September 9–17, 1993)
 Canada

Republic of Serbian Krajina

 Croatia Canadian strategic victory
  • Croatian forces recover Divoselo and Čitluk (in total 48 km2)
  • Croatian withdrawal
  • UN secures Medak Pocket
  • Canada holds out against an army three times its size without suffering casualties.
None 4
Kosovo War
(19981999)
UÇK (KLA)
AFRK (FARK)
 Albania
 Croatia
 NATO
 FR Yugoslavia Victory None None
International Force for East Timor
(19992000)

 Australia
 New Zealand
 Bangladesh
 Brazil
 Canada
 Denmark
 France
 Germany
 Ireland
 Italy
 Jordan
 Kenya
 Malaysia
 Norway
 Philippines
 Portugal
 Singapore
 South Korea
 Thailand
 United States

Pro-Indonesian militia Victory
  • Defeat of Pro-Indonesian militia
  • Stability in East Timor
  • Arrival of UN peacekeepers
None None
Operation Enduring Freedom
(20012014)[note 2]
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Germany
 Italy
 France
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Georgia
 Poland
 Romania
 Turkey
 Afghanistan
Northern Alliance
Taliban
al-Qaeda
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
HI-Gulbuddin
Hezb-e Islami Khalis
Haqqani network
Lashkar-e-Taiba
Jaish-e-Mohammed
East Turkestan Islamic Movement
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
Islamic Emirate of Waziristan
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi
Islamic Jihad Union

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Operation ended; Conflict ongoing
  • Fall of the Taliban government in Afghanistan
  • Destruction of al-Qaeda camps
  • Over two thirds of al-Qaeda's leadership demolished
  • Occupation of Afghanistan
  • Establishment of a new Afghan government
  • Killing of Osama bin Laden
158[9] 635
Libyan Civil War
(2011)
NTC
 Qatar
 NATO

 Sweden
 Jordan
 United Arab Emirates

Libya Victory None None
Military intervention against
the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

(2014present)

 United States
 United Kingdom
 Australia
 Belgium
 Canada
 Denmark
 France
 Germany
 Italy
 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 Norway
 Portugal
 Spain
 Sweden
 Turkey

 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Ongoing
  • Airstrikes on ISIL and al-Qaeda affiliates positions in Iraq and Syria
  • Multinational humanitarian effort
  • Arming and support for local ground forces
  • 2 American journalists, 2 British humanitarian workers, and 1 French tourist executed[10][11][12]
  • As of February 2016, Canada has discontinued bombing ISIS positions[13] but still has special operations units in Iraq[14]
2 At Least 3

See also

Notes

  1. Raids conducted in 1866 occurred in the Province of Canada, and the colony of New Brunswick, prior to Canadian confederation
  2. Canadian Forces ended combat operations in Afghanistan in July 2011, and withdrew its remaining forces from the NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan in March 2014. Operation Enduring Freedom ended in December 2014 marking the end of the first phase of the War in Afghanistan. Although the operation ended, the conflict is still ongoing.

References

  1. "Nile Expedition". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
  2. "Peel 1519, p. 0". peel.library.ualberta.ca.
  3. "WarMuseum.ca - Canada and the South African War (Boer War) - 1899-1902". www.warmuseum.ca.
  4. Canada, Veterans Affairs (February 20, 2019). "Canada Remembers the South African War Historical Sheet - South African War - History - Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada". www.veterans.gc.ca.
  5. Mougel, Nadège. "World War I casualties" (PDF). Centre européen Robert Schuman.
  6. Canada, Veterans Affairs (February 20, 2019). "The First World War - History - Veterans Affairs Canada". www.veterans.gc.ca.
  7. "Research Starters: Worldwide Deaths in World War II". The National WWII Museum | New Orleans.
  8. Canada, Veterans Affairs (February 20, 2019). "Canada Remembers the Korean War Historical Sheet - The Korean War - History - Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada". www.veterans.gc.ca.
  9. "Fallen Canadians Afghanistan".
  10. "Obama vs ISIS: This time it's personal". The Daily Beast. 22 August 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  11. "US weighs direct military action against ISIS in Syria". The New York Times. 22 August 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  12. "French hostage beheading: France to boost Syria rebels". BBC News. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  13. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-canada-isis-fight-announcement-1.3438279. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. "Canadians making a difference against ISIS in Iraq | Toronto Sun". November 11, 2016.
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