Red Deer, Alberta

Red Deer is a city in central Alberta, Canada. It is located near the midpoint of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor and is surrounded by Red Deer County. With a recorded population of 100,418 in the Canada 2016 census, Red Deer became the third Alberta city to surpass 100,000 people.[3] The city is located in aspen parkland, a region of rolling hills that is home to oil, grain, and cattle production. It is a centre for oil and agriculture distribution, and the surrounding region is a major centre for petrochemical production.

For other uses, see Red Deer (disambiguation).
Red Deer
City
City of Red Deer
Aerial view of downtown Red Deer
Coat of arms
Motto(s): 
Education, Industry and Progress
City boundaries
Red Deer
Location in Alberta
Red Deer
Location in Canada
Red Deer
Location in Red Deer County
Coordinates: 52°16′05″N 113°48′40″W
CountryCanada
ProvinceAlberta
Planning regionRed Deer
Municipal districtRed Deer County
Founded1882
Incorporated[1] 
 • VillageMay 31, 1894
 • TownJune 12, 1901
 • CityMarch 25, 1913
Named forRed Deer River
Government
 • MayorTara Veer
 • Governing body
 • City ManagerAllan Seabrooke
 • MPsEarl Dreeshen (CPC),
Blaine Calkins (CPC)
 • MLAsJason Stephan (UCP),
Adriana LaGrange (UCP)
Area
 (2016)[3][4]
 • Land104.73 km2 (40.44 sq mi)
 • Urban
62.91 km2 (24.29 sq mi)
Elevation855 m (2,805 ft)
Population
 (2016)[3][4]
 • City100,418
 • Density958.8/km2 (2,483/sq mi)
 • Urban
99,718
 • Urban density1,585.2/km2 (4,106/sq mi)
 • Municipal census (2019)
101,002[6]
Demonym(s)Red Deerian[7]
Time zoneUTC−7 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−6 (MDT)
Forward sortation areas
T4N - T4R
Area code(s)403, 587, 825
Highways2, 2A, 11, 11A, 595
WaterwaysRed Deer River, Waskasoo Creek, Piper Creek
Websitereddeer.ca

History

Prior to European settlement, the area was a gathering place that was inhabited by Aboriginal tribes including the Blackfoot, Plains Cree and Stoney. European fur traders began passing through the area in the late eighteenth century. Into this ethnic mix, the Métis peoples also emerged.

A native trail ran from Montana in the south across the Bow River near Calgary and on to Fort Edmonton. About halfway between Calgary and Edmonton, the trail crossed the Red Deer River at a wide, stony shallow used by First Nations peoples and bison, commonly known as buffalo, since ancient times. The shallows, now known as the Old Red Deer Crossing, are about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) upstream from the present City of Red Deer.

With the establishment of Fort Calgary by the North-West Mounted Police in 1875, traffic increased along what was by then known as the Calgary and Edmonton Trail.[8] After the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in Calgary, traffic along the "C & E" trail increased substantially. A trading post and stopping house were built at the Crossing in 1882 and a permanent settlement began to develop around it.

During the 1885 Riel Rebellion (also known as the North-West Rebellion), the Canadian militia constructed Fort Normandeau at the Crossing. The fort was later taken over by the North-West Mounted Police who used it until 1893.

With the decimation of the bison by hunters, the Aboriginal tribes who relied on them for food, clothing and shelter were also in decline. The fertile lands around the Red Deer River were attractive to farmers and ranchers. One early settler, the Reverend Leonard Gaetz, gave a half-share of 1,240 acres (5.0 km2) he had acquired to the Calgary and Edmonton Railway to develop a bridge over the river and a townsite. As a result, the Crossing was gradually abandoned. The first train from Calgary to Edmonton passed through Red Deer in 1891.

Etymology

The Cree peoples called the river on which Red Deer stands Waskasoo Seepee, which translates to "Elk River". However, British traders translated the name as "Red Deer River", since they mistakenly thought elk were European red deer. Later, the settlers of the area named their community after the river.[9] The name for the modern city in Plains Cree is a calque back from English of the mistranslated, mihkwâpisimosos literally "red type of deer" while the name of the river itself is still wâwâskêsiw-sîpiy or "elk river".[10]

Leonard Gaetz
Main article: Leonard Gaetz

Leonard Gaetz acted as the local land agent for the Saskatchewan Colonization Company and purchased parts of three other sections from his employers. By 1890, the Gaetz family owned vast land holdings along the south bank of the Red Deer River around the mouth of the Waskasoo Creek. The holdings included parts of Sections 16, 17, 20 and 21. Leonard Gaetz's increasing wealth allowed his family to play a central role in the growth of Red Deer.

In 1895, Gaetz returned to the active ministry in Manitoba. Once again, this proved detrimental to his health. He retired back to Red Deer in 1901, and resided here for the remainder of his life. He was a strong promoter of the area, founding the Westerner showgrounds and annual "Westerner Days", akin to the Calgary Stampede. He died in Red Deer in 1907.

1900 to 1929

Red Deer saw a massive influx of settlers in the early 1900s.

Michener Centre

In 1901, when Red Deer was incorporated as a town, the population stood at 343. Through its location midway between Edmonton and Calgary and the fertile land that supported profitable mixed farming, Red Deer developed primarily as an agricultural service and distribution centre. A further boost came in 1907 when it was chosen as a major divisional point for the Canadian Pacific Railway. Two other railways, the Alberta Central Railway and the Canadian Northern Railway, entered the community in 1911. Red Deer underwent a large land boom.

On March 25, 1913, Red Deer was incorporated as a city and the population had jumped to nearly 2,800.

World War I brought a sharp end to the boom. Red Deer emerged as a small, quiet, but prosperous, prairie city. In 1922, the provincial institution for the care of the mentally handicapped, currently known as the Michener Centre, was established in the city. Prospects looked good for modest but sustainable growth. The migration of birds and other changes in ornithology of the area was recorded by citizen scientist Elsie Cassels ( in 1920s to 1930s) and contributed to the establishment of the Gaetz Lakes bird sanctuary.[11]

1930 to 1945

The Great Depression of the 1930s was a major setback for the city, though it fared better than some communities. Central Alberta was not hit by severe drought. The city was virtually debt-free and profited from its ownership of the local public utilities.

Growth returned to the city with the outbreak of World War II. Red Deer was chosen as the location of a large military training camp, the A-20 Camp which was located where Cormack Armoury, the Memorial Centre and Lindsay Thurber High School are now located. The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan built two air bases to the south of the city at Penhold and Bowden.

Post-Second World War

On January 1, 1948, the City of Red Deer amalgamated with the Village of North Red Deer, located on the north bank of the Red Deer River.[12][13]

In 1981, the city passed Lethbridge to become the third largest city in Alberta, a title it would hold until 2019, when Lethbridge regained its status.

By roughly 1991, the Canadian Pacific Railway had been removed from the inner city; the track currently runs parallel to the city outskirts. The most prominent landmark of the railway remaining is the CPR bridge spanning the Red Deer River, converted to a walking trail shortly after the track removal.

The city is now a centre for oil and natural gas extraction and related industries and also for agriculture and agricultural services. It is a regional centre for administration with a courthouse and provincial building. It also has major stores in malls such as Bower Place, Southpointe Common, Parkland Mall and many other locations.

Geography

Red Deer is located on the Red Deer River, from which it derives its name.

Climate

Red Deer has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwb), with somewhat of a semi-arid influence due to city's location within Palliser's Triangle. The highest temperature ever recorded in Red Deer was 37.2 °C (99 °F) on 8 July 1906,[14] 2 July 1924,[15] and 28 & 29 June 1937.[16] The coldest recorded temperature was −50.6 °C (−59 °F) on 17 December 1924.[17] The city lies in the 4a plant hardiness zone.[18] Summers are typically warm and rainy with cool nights. Winters are typically long, cold, and very dry.

Neighbourhoods

Red Deer is divided into the following neighbourhoods:[23]

Demographics
Federal census
population history
YearPop.±%
1901323—    
19061,418+339.0%
19112,118+49.4%
19162,203+4.0%
19212,328+5.7%
19262,021−13.2%
19312,344+16.0%
19362,384+1.7%
19412,924+22.7%
19464,042+38.2%
19517,575+87.4%
195612,338+62.9%
196119,612+59.0%
196626,171+33.4%
197127,674+5.7%
197632,184+16.3%
198146,393+44.1%
198654,425+17.3%
199158,145+6.8%
199660,075+3.3%
200167,707+12.7%
200682,772+22.3%
201190,564+9.4%
2016100,418+10.9%
Source: Statistics Canada
[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]
[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][3]

The population of the City of Red Deer according to its 2019 municipal census is 101,002,[6] a change of 1.2% from its 2016 municipal census population of 99,832.[46]

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the City of Red Deer recorded a population of 100,418 living in 39,982 of its 42,285 total private dwellings, a change of 10.9% from its 2011 population of 90,564. With a land area of 104.73 km2 (40.44 sq mi), it had a population density of 958.8/km2 (2,483.4/sq mi) in 2016.[3] The median age of Red Deer was 36.1, significantly lower than the national median age of 41.2.

As of 2016, Red Deer was approximately 77.4% white, 7.1% aboriginal and 15.5% visible minorities. The largest visible minority groups in Red Deer are Filipino (6.3%), Latin American (1.8%), Black (1.8%), South Asian (1.7%), Chinese (1.4%) and Southeast Asian (0.7%).

The majority (83.5%) of Red Deer residents identified English as their first language. Other common mother tongues were Tagalog (3.8%), Spanish (1.8%), French (1.3%), Chinese Languages (0.8%), and Arabic (0.8%).

In the 2011 Census, Red Deer had a population of 90,564 living in 36,346 of its 38,789 total dwellings, a change of 8.9% from its 2006 adjusted population of 83,154. With a land area of 104.29 km2 (40.27 sq mi), it had a population density of 868.4/km2 (2,249.1/sq mi) in 2011.[45]

Arts and culture

Named Cultural Capital of Canada by Canadian Heritage in 2003,[47] Red Deer is home to a wide variety of arts and cultural groups. It is the home of Central Alberta Theatre, Ignition Theatre, Central Music Festival, the Red Deer Symphony Orchestra, the Red Deer Museum + Art Gallery, the Red Deer Royals and other performing arts and fine arts organizations.

Attractions

Sports

Red Deer hosted the Canada Games in winter 2019.

The city is the hometown of several well-known sporting personalities, including former NHL players Ron Anderson, Blake Wesley, Glen Wesley, Trent Hunter, Chris Mason, Randy Moller, Brandon Sutter, Paul Postma and Mark Tinordi, and Olympic gold medallist Jamie Salé. Ron MacLean is also from Red Deer. Olympic medallist speed skater Jeremy Wotherspoon also spent most of his childhood in Red Deer after being born in Saskatchewan. Olympic bronze medallist Deidra Dionne grew up in Red Deer.

The Red Deer Rebels of the Western Hockey League play at Westerner Park Centrium. In 2018, Red Deer became the host of the Canadian Finals Rodeo, replacing Edmonton.[48]

The Red Deer Riggers of the Senior AAA Sunburst League play baseball at Great Chief Park. The team has been successful in recent years, winning provincial championships in 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, and 2017.

Infrastructure

Transportation

The city is served by Red Deer Regional Airport, which serves mostly general aviation.

Red Deer Transit provides local bus service throughout the city.

Health care

Health care is provided at the Red Deer Regional Hospital.

Water

Red Deer receives its drinking water supply from the Red Deer River which is treated and distributed throughout the city.[49] One distinct feature of the water distribution system is the Horton Water Spheroid which, at the time of its construction in 1957, was the world's largest spheroid shaped reservoir.[50] Water from the Red Deer water treatment plant is distributed to neighbouring communities including Red Deer County, Lacombe, Blackfalds and Ponoka as managed by the North Red Deer Regional Water Services Commission.[51]

Wastewater

Wastewater is collected and sent to the City of Red Deer wastewater treatment plant which treats the sewage with a combination of grit traps, a primary clarifier, biological nutrient removal bioreactors, secondary clarifiers, and UV disinfection. Solids generated from the treatment process are treated using dissolved air flotation, anaerobic digestion, and biosolids lagoons.[52] Treated effluent is then discharged back into the Red Deer River downstream of the water treatment plant.

Education

Secondary

Three school authorities operate schools in Red Deer:

Founded in 1887, the Red Deer Public School District[53] serves 10,000 students in thirty schools. Offering a wide range of programming, including French Immersion from K-12, the district not only meets the needs of children and youth from the City of Red Deer and welcomes international students from around the world. Lindsay Thurber Comprehensive High School and Hunting Hills High School provide a large number of program options for students of high school age.

Founded in 1909, when the Daughters of Wisdom, a religious order from France, accepted the challenge of the Tinchebray Fathers, also from France, to offer Catholic schooling in Red Deer, Red Deer Catholic Regional Schools[54] welcomes almost 7,000 students in five Central Alberta communities, including Red Deer. They operate École Secondaire Notre Dame High School and St. Joseph's High School.

Greater North Central Francophone Education Region No. 2's school École La Prairie is a French school located near downtown Red Deer that offers pre-kindergarten through grade 9 programs. It offers all courses in French to a population of 119 students[55] whose first language is French.

Post-secondary

Red Deer College was founded in 1964 as Red Deer Junior College. Today, it offers some degrees, adult upgrading, certificate programs, diploma programs, university transfer courses, applied degree programs, and apprenticeship and trades training.

Public schools
Elementary
  • Annie L. Gaetz Elementary (K–5)
  • Aspen Heights Elementary (K–5)
  • Barrie Wilson Elementary School (K–5)
  • Don Campbell Elementary (K-5)
  • Fairview Elementary (K–5)
  • G.W. Smith Elementary (K–5)
  • Gateway Christian School (K–5)
  • G.H. Dawe Community School (K–8)
  • Glendale School (K–8)
  • Grandview Elementary (K–5)
  • Joseph Welsh Elementary (K–5)
  • Mattie McCullough Elementary (K–5)
  • Mountview Elementary (K–5)
  • Normandeau School (K–8)
  • Oriole Park Elementary (K–5)
  • Pines School (K–5)
  • West Park Elementary (K–5)
Middle school
  • Central Middle School (6–8)
  • Eastview Middle School (6–8)
  • G.H. Dawe Community School (K–8)
  • Gateway Christian School (6–8)
  • Glendale School (K–8)
  • Normandeau School (K–8)
  • West Park Middle School (6–8)
Secondary/high school
  • École Secondaire Lindsay Thurber Comprehensive High School (9–12)
  • Gateway Christian School (9–12)
  • Hunting Hills High School (9–12)
  • North Cottage High School (10–12)

Catholic schools
Elementary
  • École Camille J. Lerouge School (PreK–9)
  • École Mother Teresa School (K–5)
  • École Our Lady of the Rosary School (K–2)
  • Father Henri Voisin School (PreK–5)
  • Holy Family School (PreK–5)
  • Holy Trinity Catholic School (PreK–9)
  • Maryview School (PreK–5)
  • St. Elizabeth Seton School (PreK–5)
  • St. Marguerite Bourgeoys School (PreK–5)
  • St. Martin de Porres School (PreK–5)
  • St. Patrick's Community School (PreK–9)
  • St. Teresa of Avila School (Prek-5)
Middle school
  • École Camille J. Lerouge School (PreK–9)
  • Holy Trinity Catholic School (PreK–9)
  • St. Francis of Assisi Middle School (6–9)
  • St. Patrick's Community School (PreK–9)
  • St. Thomas Aquinas Middle School (6–9)
Secondary/high school
  • École Secondaire Notre Dame High School (10–12)
  • St. Joseph's High School (10-12)

Private schools
  • Destiny Christian School Society (ECS, K–9)
  • Koinonia Christian School – Red Deer (ECS, K–12)
  • Parkland School Special Education (1–12)
  • South Side Christian School (ECS, K–12)

Media
Main article: Media in Red Deer, Alberta

You can get the local news from Red Deer Advocate, rdnewsNOW and Today Ville. Edmonton CTV and Global News also carry Red Deer news. The City of Red Deer also releases regular updates.

See also

References
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  53. Red Deer Public School District
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