Right-wing dictatorship

A right-wing dictatorship (sometimes also referred to as a rightist dictatorship) is an authoritarian (or sometimes totalitarian) regime following right-wing policies. There are various definitions of the term "rightist", the most common being "conservative" or "reactionary". Those are often to some degree pro-market in economic matters and conservative in social ones. The Estado Novo in Portugal was a right-wing dictatorship which was corporatist in nature. Most South American dictatorships during the second half of the 20th century were right-wing, with the most notable being the regimes of Augusto Pinochet in Chile, Brazil's military dictatorship and Argentina's military dictatorship. There have also been a number of military dictatorships installed by anti-communists and anti-leftists which were generally conservative and rightist.

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Military dictatorship

In the most common Western view, the perfect example of a right-wing dictatorship is any of those that once ruled in South America. Those regimes were predominantly military juntas and most of them collapsed in the 1980s. Communist countries, which were very cautious about not revealing their authoritarian methods of rule to the public, were usually led by civilian governments and officers taking power were not much welcomed there. Few exceptions include the Burmese Way to Socialism (Burma, 1966–1988), the Military Council of National Salvation (People's Republic of Poland, 1981–1983) or the North Korean regime's evolution throughout the rule of Kim Il-sung.

Religion and the government
Main article: Clerical fascism

Many right-wing regimes kept strong ties with local clerical establishments. This policy of a strong Church-state alliance is often referred to as Clerical fascism. Pro-Catholic dictatorships included the Estado Novo (1933–1974) and the Federal State of Austria (1934–1938). There also exist clerical dictatorships in the Muslim world, including the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. The theocratic absolute monarchies of Saudi Arabia or Vatican City also share many similarities with the regimes mentioned above. Many of those are/were led by spiritual leaders, such as the Slovak Republic under the Reverend Josef Tiso or Iran under the Ayatollahs Khomeini (1979–1989) and Khamenei (1989–present). Some right-wing dictatorships, like Nazi Germany, were even openly hostile to certain religions.[1]

Europe
Main article: Fascism in Europe

List of European right-wing dictatorships
Former
Country Historical name(s) Movement(s) Years of rule Dictator(s)
 Albania
 AustriaFatherland Front
 AzerbaijanRepublic of AzerbaijanNew Azerbaijan Party1993–presentHeydar Aliyev, Ilham Aliyev
 BelarusByelorussian Central Council[7]Collaborationist government1943–1944Radasłaŭ Astroŭski[8]
 BulgariaKingdom of Bulgaria
 CroatiaIndependent State of Croatia[13]Ustaše[14]1941–1945Ante Pavelić[15]
 CyprusRepublic of CyprusEOKA B[16]1974Nikos Sampson[17]
 Czech RepublicProtectorate of Bohemia and Moravia[18]National Partnership[19]1939–1945Emil Hácha[20]
 EstoniaRepublic of EstoniaPatriotic League[21]1934–1940Konstantin Päts[22]
 FranceFrench State[23]Collaborationist government1940–1944Philippe Pétain[24][25]
 GermanyNazi Germany[26]National Socialist German Workers' Party[27][28]1933–1945Adolf Hitler[29][30]
 Greece
 Hungary
 Italy
 LatviaRepublic of LatviaLatvian Farmers' Union (disbanded after coup)1934–1940Kārlis Ulmanis[52]
 LithuaniaRepublic of Lithuania[53]Lithuanian Nationalist Union[54]1926–1940Antanas Smetona[55][56]
 North MacedoniaIndependent Macedonia[57]Collaborationist government1944Spiro Kitinchev[58]
 NetherlandsReichskommissariat Niederlande[59]National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands[60]1940–1945Anton Mussert[61]
 NorwayNational Government[62]Nasjonal Samling[63][64]1940–1945Vidkun Quisling[65]
 PolandSecond Polish RepublicSanation[66]1926–1939Józef Piłsudski and Piłsudski's colonels[67]
 Portugal
 Romania
 RussiaRussian StateWhite movement[77]1918–1920Alexander Kolchak[78]
 SerbiaGovernment of National Salvation[79]Collaborationist government1941–1945Milan Nedić[80]
 SlovakiaSlovak State[81]Slovak People's Party[82]1939–1945Jozef Tiso[83]
 Spain
 UkraineUkrainian State[91]Ukrainian People's Hromada1918Pavlo Skoropadskyi
 YugoslaviaKingdom of Yugoslavia[92]

Asia
Main article: Fascism in Asia

List of Asian former right-wing dictatorships
Country Historical name(s) Movement(s) Years of rule Dictator(s)
 TaiwanKuomintang[98]
 Turkey Republic of TurkeyRepublican People's Party1925–1945
 Indonesia Republic of IndonesiaGolkar1966–1998Suharto
 South Korea
 Japan Empire of Japan
Manchuria, China ManchukuoConcordia Association1932–1945Puyi with Zheng Xiaoxu and Zhang Jinghui
 Thailand Kingdom of Thailand[115]
  • 1933–1938
  • 1938–1957
  • 1959–1963
  • 1963–1973
 Philippines
  • 1898
  • 1972–1986
 Cambodia1968–1975Lon Nol

See also

References
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