Samarinda

Samarinda is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The city lies on the banks of the Mahakam River with a land area of 718 km2 (277 sq mi). It is the most populous city on the entire Borneo island, with an estimated population of 842,691,[2] up from 726,223 at the 2010 Census.[3] Although it is the capital of East Kalimantan, some government institutions such as the Regional Police and 6th Military Regional Command of Mulawarman headquarters are located in Balikpapan instead. Samarinda is known for its traditional food amplang, as well as the cloth sarung samarinda.[4] The city also has a bridge connecting its river banks, Mahakam Bridge. The city center is on one side and the other side is named Samarinda Seberang.

Samarinda
City
City of Samarinda
Kota Samarinda
From top, left to right:
Grand Barumbay Resort, Official government building, Entrance of East Kalimantan main stadium, Lembuswana sculpture (Lembuswana is a legendary creature appearing in Kutai mythology of Samarinda), Catholic Archdiocese of Samarinda Building, Vihara Eka Dharma Manggala, and Samarinda Islamic Center Mosque.
Coat of arms
Motto(s): 
Samarinda Kota Tepian
Anthem: "March of Kota Tepian"
Location within East Kalimantan
Samarinda
Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
Samarinda
Samarinda (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 0°29′59.874″S 117°8′15.9324″E
Country Indonesia
Province East Kalimantan
Founded1668
Government
 • MayorSyaharie Jaang
 • President of the
Regional
Representative Council		Alphad Syarif
Area
 • Total718 km2 (277 sq mi)
Elevation
8 m (26 ft)
Population
 • Estimate 
(2017)
843,446
 • Rank(19th)
 • Density1,174/km2 (3,040/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Religion[1]Islam 90.93%
Christianity 5.25%
Catholic 2.12%
Buddhism 0.86%
Hinduism 0.12%
Confucianism 0.08%
Others 0.01%
Time zoneUTC+8 (WITA)
Area code(s)+62541
Date formatdd-mm-yyyy
Drives on theleft

History

At the start of the Gowa War, the Dutch under Admiral Speelman's command attacked Makassar from the sea. Meanwhile, the Netherlands' local ally Arung Palaka led a ground attack. The Kingdom of Gowa was forced to surrender and Sultan Hasanuddin was made to sign the Treaty of Bongaja on 19 November 1667.[5]

The treaty did not quell all trouble for the Dutch however, since the Bugis from Gowa continued their struggle using guerilla tactics. Some Buginese moved to other islands close by such as Kalimantan. A few thousand people led by Lamohang Daeng Mangkona or Pua Ado I, moved to East Kalimantan, known then as Kutai, where they were welcomed by the local Sultan.

Samarinda was a small, sleepy town in 1942 with several small oil fields in the vicinity. It was occupied by the Japanese after the Dutch East Indies had fallen.[6]

In 1955, the Apostolic Vicariate of Samarinda was established in the city. In 1961, it was promoted as the Diocese of Samarinda. In 2003, the diocese was promoted as the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Samarinda.[5]

Administration

Samarinda City is divided into ten districts (Indonesian: kecamatan), tabulated below with their 2017 Census population:[3]

NamePopulation
Census 2017
Loa Janan Ilir70,080
Palaran60,701
Samarinda Ilir74,604
Samarinda Kota34,653
Samarinda Seberang71,156
Samarinda Ulu127,490
Samarinda Utara120,305
Sambutan57,434
Sungai Kunjang119,587
Sungai Pinang107,436

Climate

Samarinda has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af) with heavy rainfall and hot, oppressively humid temperatures year-round.

Climate data for Samarinda
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 30.0
(86.0)		 30.3
(86.5)		 30.5
(86.9)		 30.5
(86.9)		 30.5
(86.9)		 29.9
(85.8)		 29.5
(85.1)		 29.9
(85.8)		 30.1
(86.2)		 30.8
(87.4)		 30.5
(86.9)		 30.4
(86.7)		 30.2
(86.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.5
(79.7)		 26.7
(80.1)		 26.8
(80.2)		 27.0
(80.6)		 27.2
(81.0)		 26.7
(80.1)		 26.3
(79.3)		 26.6
(79.9)		 26.8
(80.2)		 27.3
(81.1)		 26.9
(80.4)		 26.9
(80.4)		 26.8
(80.3)
Average low °C (°F) 23.1
(73.6)		 23.1
(73.6)		 23.2
(73.8)		 23.5
(74.3)		 23.9
(75.0)		 23.6
(74.5)		 23.1
(73.6)		 23.4
(74.1)		 23.5
(74.3)		 23.8
(74.8)		 23.4
(74.1)		 23.4
(74.1)		 23.4
(74.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 166
(6.5)		 173
(6.8)		 202
(8.0)		 236
(9.3)		 181
(7.1)		 168
(6.6)		 160
(6.3)		 148
(5.8)		 118
(4.6)		 145
(5.7)		 196
(7.7)		 209
(8.2)		 2,102
(82.6)
Source: [7]

Etymology

The name Samarinda originates from the description of the way in which the Bugis houses were constructed. At that time houses were customarily built on a raft and generally had the same height. This provided important social symbolism of equality between residents; no person's house, and thus no person, was seen as higher or lower than another. They named the settlement “Samarenda”, meaning “equally low”. After hundreds of years of use the pronunciation of the name changed slightly and the city became known as Samarinda.[8]

Economy

The economy of Samarinda is driven by the large amount of logging and oil extraction companies based there. Similar to Balikpapan, many national logging companies are based in Samarinda. There are many abandoned coal mines in Samarinda. Coal mining used to be very popular in Samarinda. However, the Indonesian government revoked many mining licenses due to the use of illegal chemicals and machinery. Due to all these economical activities in Samarinda, it is one of the richest cities in East Kalimantan.

Transport

Samrainda is connected by Trans-Kalimantan Highway Southern Route. From Balikpapan to Samarinda, the highway runs in parallel with the first controlled-access expressway in Borneo, the Samarinda-Balikpapan Expressway, which is now under construction, and expected to be operational by the end of 2018.[9]

The city is served by Aji Pangeran Tumenggung Pranoto International Airport, which replaced previous Temindung Airport. It is one of Kaltim's busiest airports in terms of passenger and cargo movements. It is the primary hub of Kaltim Airlines.

The prominent coal loading port of Tanjung Bara (TBCT) lies about 160 kilometres to the north of Samarinda.[10]

Demographics

The territory's population in 2017 was 843,446 (435,947 male and 407,497 female), with an average annual growth rate of 0.018% in 2016–2017. The majority of the people of Samarinda are of Native Indonesian and Chinese descent. There are also Americans, Canadians, Japanese and Koreans working in Samarinda. Life expectancy in Samarinda is 73.6 years as of 2014.

Religion

Samarinda's main religions are Islam, Christianity and Buddhism. The Christian community of around 89,000 forms about 10.2% of the total population; Protestants form a larger number than Roman Catholics at a rate of 10:3. There are also Hindu communities.

References

Citations
  1. Data Sensus Penduduk 2010 - Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia <http://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?tid=321&wid=6400000000&lang=id>
  2. http://www.depkes.go.id/downloads/Penduduk%20Kab%20Kota%20Umur%20Tunggal%202014.pdf
  3. Statistics of Samarinda Municipality. 2018. Samarinda Dalam Angka 2018. Statistics of Samarinda Municipality, Samarinda.
  4. "Perhatikan 4 Hal Ini Saat Berburu Oleh-oleh Khas Samarinda". JalanTikus.
  5. Ars, Moh (1986). Sejarah Kota Samarinda. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture.
  6. L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The conquest of Borneo Island, 1941-1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942.
  7. https://en.climate-data.org/location/46950
  8. Dahlan, Oemar (1978). Asal-Usul Nama Samarinda Sejak Zaman sebelum Kemerdekaan, Nama Ini Sudah Terkenal di Seluruh Indonesia. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture.
  9. North Kalimantan Province Road Map - by the Road Preservation Directorate, Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, Indonesia.
  10. Admiralty sailing directions - Indonesia (10th ed.). Taunton: UK Hydrographic office. 15 July 2015.

Sources
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