Banjarmasin

Banjarmasin is the capital of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is located on a delta island near the junction of the Barito and Martapura rivers. As a result, Banjarmasin is sometimes called the "River City". Its population was 625,395 at the 2010 Census and estimated to be more than 700,000 in late 2018.

Banjarmasin
City
Other transcription(s)
 • Jawiبنجر ماسين
From top, left to right:
Kayu Tangi roundabout, Proclamation monument of South Kalimantan, Sultan Suriansyah tomb complex, Hotel G-Sign of Banjarmasin, Sabilal Muhtadin Great Mosque, Soetji Nurani (EYD: Suci Nurani) Temple, and Traditional Floating Market of Kuin River.
Coat of arms
Nicknames: 
Kota Seribu Sungai (Indonesian: City of Thousand Rivers), the Venice of the East
Motto(s): 
Kayuh Baimbai (Banjarese: 'Rowing Together')
Banjarmasin within South Kalimantan
Banjarmasin
Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
Banjarmasin
Banjarmasin (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 3°20′S 114°35′E
CountryIndonesia
ProvinceSouth Kalimantan
CityBanjarmasin
Subdistricts5
Established24 September 1526
Government
 • MayorIbnu Sina
Area
 • City98.46 km2 (38.02 sq mi)
 • Metro
3,404.46 km2 (1,314.47 sq mi)
Elevation
1 m (3 ft)
Population
 (2018 estimated)
 • City700,869
 • Density7,100/km2 (18,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
2,184,427
 • Metro density640/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (WITA)
Area code(s)+62 511
HDI (2019) 0.772 (High)[1]
Websitebanjarmasinkota

Economy

Main economic sectors include transportation and communication (26.1% of the city's GDP), processing industries (24.9%) and trade and commerce (16.5%). Main processing industries are: plywood, rattan, and rubber manufacturing.

Administration

The city of Banjarmasin is divided into five districts (kecamatan), listed below with their population at the 2010 Census:[2]

NameArea in
km2		Population
Census 2010
Banjarmasin Selatan
(South Banjarmasin)		38.27146,068
Banjarmasin Timur
(East Banjarmasin)		23.86111,912
Banjarmasin Barat
(West Banjarmasin)		13.13143,461
Banjarmasin Tengah
(Central Banjarmasin)		6.6691,700
Banjarmasin Utara
(North Banjarmasin)		16.54132,340

Infrastructure and transport

Banjarmasin is served by the Syamsudin Noor Airport, located about 25 km outside the town. The town is served by a deepwater port, Trisakti Harbour, which is the centre of the Barito basin; exports include rubber, pepper, timber, petroleum, coal, gold, and diamonds.[3] Passenger ships and ferries to and from Java also carry their operation here.

The city is laced with flood-prone waterways, and many houses are built on rafts or stilts over the water. The waterways are also used for travel, using relatively small rowboats (only major rivers are accessible by larger speedboats, tugboats, longboats, and barges).

Banjarmasin serves as the closest town to the large coal loading anchorage port of Taboneo. Together with Tanjung Bara, they constitute the largest coal loading ports in Indonesia.[4] Banjarmasin has bus rapid transit system called BRT Banjarbakula, connecting Banjarmasin and it's metropolitan area, consisted of 37 bus terminals.[5][6]

Demographics

96% of the population is Muslim. Other religions include Protestants, Catholics, Hindus and Buddhists. Banjarese are the majority in the city, with Javanese, Madurese and other ethnics are the minority.[7] The city is the home of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Banjarmasin.

History
Sultan Suriansyah Mosque is the oldest mosque in Banjarmasin and the whole South Kalimantan

Nan Serunai was an ancient kingdom in South Kalimantan, but soon it was replaced by Buddhist kingdom of Tanjungpuri. In the fourteenth century, Banjarmasin was part of the Hindu kingdoms of Negara Dipa and Negara Daha, a vassal of Majapahit. But Pangeran Samudera converted to Islam in the fifteenth century. Following this Banjarmasin was founded at the junction of the Barito and Martapura Rivers on 24 September 1526. Banjarmasin soon afterwards became an influential center of Islamic learning.[8] The Dutch opened trade there in 1606. The British controlled the city for several brief periods. The British East India Company (EIC) started trading with the city, which they called Tamborneo or Tomborneo, in 1614. In 1703 the EIC established a factory there, which the inhabitants destroyed four years later. The EIC attempted, highly unsuccessfully, to trade with the city between 1736 and 1746, and then in 1747 the Sultan signed a treaty with the Dutch giving them a trade monopoly.[9]

In 1787 it became a Dutch protectorate. Banjarmasin remained the region's capital until the onset of the Banjarmasin War in 1859, when the Dutch headquarters were moved to Martapura.[10]

Ronggo (a Dutch title used in Borneo and Java) of Banjarmasin with his children

The Hikayat Banjar is the chronicle of Banjarmasin. This text, also called the History of Lambung Mangkurat, contains the history of the kings of Banjar and of Kota Waringin in South-east and South Borneo respectively.

In 1930 the city's population was 66,000 and reached 444,000 in 1990.[11]

Banjarmasin was the capital of Dutch Borneo. It was therefore an objective for the Japanese during Japanese Occupation of Indonesia during World War II. Banjarmasin was occupied on 10 February 1942.[12]

Greater Banjarmasin

The metropolitan area, known as Banjar Bakula, consists of the cities of Banjarmasin and Banjarbaru, and the regencies of Banjar, Barito Kuala and Tanah Laut in South Kalimantan. This metropolitan area covers an area of 3,404.46 square km, and at the 2010 Census has a population of 1,924,427.

Island of Pulau Petak near Bandjermasin, across the Barito river

Pulau Petak

Pulau Petak is an island next to Bandjermasin just across the Barito river. Of old, the people of Pulau Petak have settled along the borders of the rivers, even though pronounced river levees are absent and flood danger exists. The rivers were the main traffic ways and transport occurred mainly by boat.

Along the river fruit tree plantations and palawidja (upland crop) fields were developed. From the plantations inland, drainage canal (handils) have been dug towards the back swamps in the centre of the island. Along the handils , lowland rice fields (sawah’s) dominate the landscape. Here, the water management is a difficult task and has been subject of a scientific study.[13]

Climate

Banjarmasin has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy rainfall from November to June and moderate rainfall from July to October.

Climate data for Banjarmasin
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 29.2
(84.6)		 30.0
(86.0)		 30.3
(86.5)		 31.1
(88.0)		 31.1
(88.0)		 30.9
(87.6)		 31.5
(88.7)		 32.3
(90.1)		 32.6
(90.7)		 32.2
(90.0)		 31.1
(88.0)		 30.2
(86.4)		 31.0
(87.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.7
(78.3)		 26.3
(79.3)		 26.4
(79.5)		 27.0
(80.6)		 26.9
(80.4)		 26.4
(79.5)		 26.7
(80.1)		 27.2
(81.0)		 27.4
(81.3)		 27.2
(81.0)		 26.8
(80.2)		 26.4
(79.5)		 26.7
(80.1)
Average low °C (°F) 22.2
(72.0)		 22.6
(72.7)		 22.6
(72.7)		 22.9
(73.2)		 22.8
(73.0)		 22.0
(71.6)		 21.9
(71.4)		 22.1
(71.8)		 22.3
(72.1)		 22.3
(72.1)		 22.5
(72.5)		 22.7
(72.9)		 22.4
(72.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 327
(12.9)		 302
(11.9)		 300
(11.8)		 220
(8.7)		 168
(6.6)		 141
(5.6)		 98
(3.9)		 86
(3.4)		 103
(4.1)		 133
(5.2)		 226
(8.9)		 311
(12.2)		 2,415
(95.2)
Source: [14]

Places of interest
A floating market at Lok Baintan, at Banjar district

The Sabilal Muhtadin Mosque, located along the Martapura riverfront, is a major landmark in the city. Completely built in 1979, the mosque accommodates thousands of worshippers on Friday prayers.
State universities such as (Lambung Mangkurat University, ULM), (Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin, POLIBAN) and (Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari, UIN Antasari Banjarmasin) are also located in the town.
A floating marketplace, where buyers and sellers meet each other using boats, is located on the western outskirts of town. It is a traditional market and is considered one of city's identity mark for years.
Banjarmasin has long been renowned as a center for gem trading, particularly rare diamonds and rubies. An informal network with international connections exists, which also supports the large domestic Indonesian trade in rare diamonds. Banjar's diamonds are especially known for their exquisite brilliance. In recent times, however, many of Indonesia's large diamond stones have been traded out of the country.

Culinary

A local dish is "soto banjar", a soup served with lime. Another notable local dish is "Ketupat Kandangan", a ketupat dish with coconut milk soup (can be served with either chicken or snakehead fish meat), usually presented or sold by the Kandangan's people or descent who live in Banjarmasin.

Sport

The city has professional football club that is playing in Liga 1 (Indonesia), PS Barito Putera.

References
  • Eliot, Joshua (1998). Indonesia handbook. Bath: Footprint Handbooks Ltd.
  1. Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Kota Banjarmasin, Badan Pusat Statistik, 2018
  2. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  3. "Komoditi Unggulan Kalsel 2017 dan Proyeksi 2018". Banjarmasin Post (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  4. Admiralty sailing directions - Indonesia (10th ed.). Taunton: UK Hydrographic office. 15 July 2015.
  5. dishub. "JADWAL BUS BRT BANJARBAKULA BANJARMASIN & BANJARBARU – DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KOTA BANJARBARU" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  6. "Tarif Bus Tayo Rp 5 Ribu, Ada 37 Halte di Rute Banjarmasin-Banjarbaru". jejakrekam.com (in Indonesian). 29 June 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  7. Kalsel Statistics: Religion, Retrieved 6 September 2009
  8. Minahan, James (2012). Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-59884-659-1.
  9. Long, George (1835) The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge: v. 1-27. (C. Knight). Vol. 3, p.375.
  10. Muller Kal: Indonesian Borneo, Kalimantan, Periplus Editions, Singapore 1992, ISBN 0-945971-09-5
  11. Brookfield, Harold et al: In Place of the Forest: Environmental and Socio-economic Transformation in Borneo and the Eastern Malay Peninsula, United Nations University Press, Tokyo, 1995
  12. L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The capture of Bandjermasin". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942.
  13. International Institute of Land Reclamation and Improvement (ILRI), Wageningen, The Netherlands, 1990, Research Project on Acid Sulphate (Sulfate) Soils in the Humid Tropics. Review of water management aspects, Pulau Petak, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. On line: .
  14. https://en.climate-data.org/location/4811
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