Tangerang

Tangerang (Sundanese: ᮒᮍᮨᮛᮀ) is a city in the province of Banten, Indonesia. Located on the western border of Jakarta, it is the third largest urban centre in the Greater Jakarta metropolitan area after Jakarta and Bekasi; the sixth largest city proper in the nation; and the largest city in Banten province. It has an area of 164.55 square kilometres (63.53 square miles) and an official 2010 Census population of 1,798,601, which had risen to 2,043,213 at the 2015 Intermediate Census.[2] The latest official estimate as at mid 2020 is 2,273,697[3] – making it the eighth most populated suburb in the world at the latter date.

This article is about the city. For the regency, see Tangerang Regency.
Tangerang
City
City of Tangerang
Kota Tangerang
Other transcription(s)
 • Sundaneseᮒᮍᮨᮛᮀ
From top, left to right: Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Mall Tangerang City, Tangerang City Hall, Alam Sutera, Telaga Biru Cigaru, Tangerang Industrial Area, Situ Cipondoh
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
Kota Penerbangan (City of Aviation) and Exoville
Motto(s): 
Bhakti Karya Adhi Kertarahardja
Location within Banten
Tangerang
Location in Java and Indonesia
Tangerang
Tangerang (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 6°10′41.90″S 106°37′54.80″E
CountryIndonesia
ProvinceBanten
Formation28 February 1993
Government
 • TypeCity government
 • MayorArief Rachadiono Wismansyah (Demokrat)
 • Vice MayorSachrudin
Area
 • Total164.55 km2 (63.53 sq mi)
Population
 (mid 2020)
 • Total2,273,697
 • Density14,000/km2 (36,000/sq mi)
 BPS official Estimate for 1 July 2020[1]
Time zoneUTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time)
Postcodes
15xxx and 19xxx
Area code(+62) 21
Vehicle registrationB
Websitetangerangkota.go.id

Tangerang, along with the neighbouring South Tangerang, is where many giant developers created built-up areas such as BSD City, Gading Serpong, Alam Sutera, and Lippo Village.

Tangerang is home for Soekarno–Hatta International Airport which serves the Jakarta metropolitan area and is Indonesia's main gateway.

Overview

Tangerang is an industrial and manufacturing hub on Java and is home to over 1,000 factories. Many international corporations have plants in the city. Tangerang tends to be hot and humid, with little in the way of trees or geographical features. Certain areas consist of swamps, including the areas near the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport.

In recent years the urban expansion of Jakarta has covered Tangerang. As a result, many of its residents commute to Jakarta for work or vice versa. Many high-class and middle-class satellite cities have been developed in Tangerang, complete with their own shopping malls, private schools and convenience centers. The government is working on expanding the highway system to accommodate more traffic flow to and from the area.

Tangerang is the corporations' alternative to move or build their offices from Jakarta due to the heavy traffic and crowds, such as Unilever Indonesia that moved their head from Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto, Jakarta to BSD City.

Demographics
A traditional Cina Benteng wedding ceremony.
See also: Benteng Chinese

Tangerang has a significant community of Chinese Indonesians, many of whom are of Cina Benteng extraction. They are part of the country's Peranakan Chinese community, but with deep, centuries-old roots in the historic Tangerang area, also called 'Benteng' locally.

Most of the old settlements in Tangerang have colonial, Chinese districts, such as at Sewan, Pasar Lama, Pasar Baru, Benteng Makasar, Kapling and Karawaci Lama (the precursor to Lippo Karawaci). One can find any food and all things Chinese there.[4] In addition, a large proportion of Benteng Chinese have traditionally been rural dwellers, engaged in agricultural activities, such as farming and livestock production.[5]

Due to the growth of satellite towns in the greater Jakarta region, which includes Tangerang, the area is now home to many new migrants from all parts of Indonesia.[6]

History
Map of Tangerang's fort dated 1709

Indonesian Revolution

In October 1945, Laskar Hitam, a Muslim militia, was established in Tangerang. The goal of this movement was to establish an Islamic nation in Indonesia. This movement later became a part of DI/TII rebel group. On 31 October 1945, Laskar Hitam kidnapped Otto Iskandardinata, the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of State. He was presumed to have been murdered at Mauk beach, Tangerang on 20 December 1945.

Recent history

Tangerang city was formed as an autonomous city on 27 February 1993 out of the Tangerang Regency. The city was previously an administrative city within that regency.

In August 1996, Walmart, the largest retail group in USA, opened its first branch in Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang. The branch was ransacked and burned down during the Indonesian riots of May 1998. Walmart discontinued their investment in Indonesia after the riot.

Situ Gintung Flood
Main article: Situ Gintung

Tangerang District is the location of the Situ Gintung reservoir built by the Dutch colonial authorities in 1933. It was surrounded by a dam up to 16 metres (52 ft) high, which failed on 27 March 2009 with the resulting floods killing at least 93 people.[7]

Attractions

Boen Tek Bio

Boen Tek Bio is the oldest Chinese temple, or klenteng, in Tangerang – with a history going back to 1684.[8]

Benteng Heritage Museum

Next to Boen Tek Bio is the Benteng Heritage Museum, a historic townhouse that was restored and repurposed as a museum by a Benteng Chinese businessman Udaya Halim. It was opened on a specifically chosen auspicious date: November 11, 2011 or 11/11/11.[9] The museum displays Benteng Chinese artefacts and other cultural objects related to the history of Tangerang's Chinese community.[10]

Administrative districts

The city of Tangerang is divided into thirteen districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and population totals from the 2010 Census.[11] The table also includes the number of administrative villages (urban kelurahan) in each district, and its postal codes.

NameArea
in km2		Population
Census
2010[12]		Number
of
villages		Post
codes
Ciledug8.77147,023815151-15153
Larangan9.40163,901815154-15156
Karangtengah10.47118,473715157-15159
Cipondoh17.91216,3461015141, 15146-15148
Pinang21.59160,2061115142-15145
Tangerang15.79126,244815111, 15117-15113
Karawaci13.48171,3171615112-15116
Jatiuwung14.41120,216615133-15137
Cibodas9.61142,479615134-15139
Periuk9.54129,384515131-15133
Batuceper11.5890,590715121-15122
Neglasari16.08103,504715121, 15127-15129
Benda5.9283,017515123-15126
Totals164.551,798,601104

Climate

Tangerang has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with moderate rainfall from May to October and heavy rainfall from November to April.

Climate data for Tangerang
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 30.9
(87.6)		 31.0
(87.8)		 31.7
(89.1)		 32.5
(90.5)		 32.7
(90.9)		 32.8
(91.0)		 32.9
(91.2)		 33.2
(91.8)		 33.7
(92.7)		 33.6
(92.5)		 32.9
(91.2)		 32.0
(89.6)		 32.5
(90.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.0
(80.6)		 27.0
(80.6)		 27.4
(81.3)		 27.9
(82.2)		 27.9
(82.2)		 27.7
(81.9)		 27.4
(81.3)		 27.6
(81.7)		 28.0
(82.4)		 28.1
(82.6)		 28.0
(82.4)		 27.5
(81.5)		 27.6
(81.7)
Average low °C (°F) 23.2
(73.8)		 23.1
(73.6)		 23.1
(73.6)		 23.3
(73.9)		 23.2
(73.8)		 22.6
(72.7)		 22.0
(71.6)		 22.0
(71.6)		 22.3
(72.1)		 22.7
(72.9)		 23.1
(73.6)		 23.0
(73.4)		 22.8
(73.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 346
(13.6)		 270
(10.6)		 223
(8.8)		 169
(6.7)		 119
(4.7)		 94
(3.7)		 73
(2.9)		 68
(2.7)		 87
(3.4)		 122
(4.8)		 149
(5.9)		 202
(8.0)		 1,922
(75.8)
Source: Climate-Data.org[13]

Politics

In 2007 the city government passed an anti-prostitution law which meant that women who are perceived to be dressed too provocatively may be arrested. Some news outlets reported that some women decided to wear the jilbab (hijab) to avoid being prosecuted under this law. In addition the city government began requiring municipal employees to abide by Islamic dress codes.[14]

South Tangerang
Main article: South Tangerang

South Tangerang (Tangerang Selatan) is a city which, like Tangerang city, is administratively separate from Tangerang Regency. It is subdivided into seven districts – Serpong, Serpong Utara (North Serpong), Ciputat, Ciputat Timur (East Ciputat), Pondok Aren, Pamulang, and Setu. Located on the southwest of Jakarta, it has an area of 147.19 square kilometres and a population of 1,303,569 at the 2010 Census.[15]

Education
See also: List of universities in Tangerang
Universitas Multimedia Nusantara

Tangerang provides educational facilities from kindergarten to college. BSD City is the pioneer of Tangerang's first education centre called EduTown which now consists of two universities. In addition to government schools, there are many private schools and colleges. Among these are Sekolah Santa Ursula BSD,[16] Santa Laurensia School,[17] BPK Penabur Gading Serpong,[18] SMK Bhakti Anindya and IPEKA Plus BSD Christian School.

Tangerang houses the following international primary and secondary schools

The following are in South Tangerang:

It houses the following colleges and universities:

Economy

Tangerang's economy depends highly on service sectors, trading, financial service, and industrial. Jatake, which is Tangerang's biggest industrial area, is home to over 1,000 industrial corporations.

As the impact of Jakarta's growing economy continues, Tangerang has become an alternative location for some corporations in which to build their offices due to crowds and land prices. Jl. Pahlawan Seribu and Jl. Kapten Soebianto Djojohadjikusumo which are in BSD City are the central business district for Tangerang city and South Tangerang. Hundreds of shophouses and several important branch office and headquarters are here.

Garuda Indonesia,[19] and Sriwijaya Air have their head offices at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport.[20]

There are plans by CFLD Indonesia to develop part of Tangerang, namely Tangerang New City, into the most advanced new industrial township which will encompass 4 pillars industry park – Electronics & ICT, Construction Materials, Automotive and Machinery & Equipment Industrial Parks.[21]

Shopping
AEON Mall in Bumi Serpong Damai
A mall at Alam Sutera
IKEA in Alam Sutera

Tangerang is the home for shopping in Banten area. Numerous shopping centres and markets are available here. The largest shopping mall in Tangerang and Banten is Supermall Karawaci in Lippo Village which provides H&M, Debenhams, and more. The most popular is AEON Mall BSD City which opened in May 2015 as the first AEON mall in Indonesia; it has an AEON Store and high-street brands such as H&M and Uniqlo. Mall @ Alam Sutera is an upper-middle class shopping mall consisting of high-street brands such as Cotton On, New Look, Dorothy Perkins and Sogo department store along with TheFoodhall Supermarket (part of PT. Panen Lestari Internusa). Other popular destinations are Summarecon Mall Serpong, The Breeze BSD City (open-air mall), Living World Alam Sutera, TangCity Mall, TerasKota, Ikea, The Hu6 (Balekota), WTC Matahari, BSD Plaza, ITC BSD, Bintaro Plaza.

Transportation
The main road in Alam Sutera
Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Terminal 1

Soekarno-Hatta International Airport is the main hub for air transport in Jakarta Metropolitan Area as well as Tangerang. Air-conditioned public bus shuttle is available from the airport to destinations in Jakarta. This is operated by DAMRI, a state-owned company.

Jakarta–Merak Toll Road provides highway connections from Jakarta and surrounding cities, with at least three exit points to Tangerang city.

KRL Commuterline serves from either Batuceper, Poris, Tanah Tinggi or Tangerang stations to Duri, with connecting lines to stations across Jabodetabek. Soekarno-Hatta Airport Rail Link stops at Batuceper Station, providing direct access to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport via Soekarno-Hatta Airport Station and Soekarno-Hatta Airport Skytrain people mover.

The feeder buses of Transjakarta serves commuters from Bumi Serpong Damai and Bintaro Jaya. There are also private shuttle bus services from Jakarta to private residential area such as Lippo Karawaci and Citra Raya.

Several taxi companies operating in the city, such as the express taxi, blue bird, and the local operator Arimbi.

There are 17 intersections prone to traffic congestion with the obsolete Multi Program Eight Phase System. By 2012, Tangerang will have a new technology, called the Intelligent Transport System (ITS), that uses a closed-circuit camera that responds to traffic conditions at any given intersection and could reduce the rate of congestion by 30 percent.[22]

Twin towns – sister cities

Tangerang is twinned with:

  • Cisadane River floodgates, 1915–1925.
  • Times Cisadane seen from above, 1920–1922.
  • Car on the way to Tangerang, West Java, 1920–1922.
  • The people who worked at the company Petitjean bamboo Tangerang, date unknown.

References
  1. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2020.
  2. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2018.
  3. Badan Pusat Statistik, 2020.
  4. Setiono, Benny G. (2008). Tionghoa Dalam Pusaran Politik (in Indonesian). TransMedia. ISBN 9789797990527. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  5. Lestari, Sri (16 February 2018). "Ketika warga miskin 'Cina Benteng' merayakan Imlek". BBC Indonesia. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  6. Singh, R. B. (2014). Urban Development Challenges, Risks and Resilience in Asian Mega Cities. Springer. ISBN 9784431550433. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  7. "Evakuasi Hari Ini Dihentikan, Jumlah Korban 93 Orang". Republika (in Indonesian). 28 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
  8. User, Super. "Boen Tek Bio – SEJARAH". www.boentekbio.org. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  9. 'An encounter with history,' The Jakarta Post.
  10. Mutia Nugraheni (February 11, 2015). "Mengenal Museum Peranakan Tionghoa Satu-satunya di Indonesia".
  11. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  12. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  13. "Climate: Tangerang". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  14. Warburton, Eve (January–March 2007). "No longer a choice" (89 ed.). Inside Indonesia. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
  16. "Santa Ursula BSD".
  17. "Santa Laurensia".
  18. SMA Penabur Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine
  19. "Organization & Group Archived 26 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine." Garuda Indonesia. Retrieved 22 June 2009. "Having a Head Office at the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport,"
  20. "Offices". Sriwijaya Air. Retrieved 2021-01-09. Head Office Sriwijaya Air And NAM Air Sriwijaya Air Tower Jl. Atang Sanjaya No. 21 Soekarno Hatta Airport Tangerang - Banten, Indonesia
  21. "CFLD Indonesia - Our Projects - Tangerang | Developing Industrial Cities in Indonesia". cfld-test.herokuapp.com. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
  22. Post, The Jakarta. "Tangerang goes hi-tech in traffic".
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