Suihua

Suihua (Chinese: 绥化) is a prefecture-level city in west-central Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, adjacent to Yichun to the east, Harbin, the provincial capital, to the south, Daqing to the west and Heihe to the north. It has 5,418,453 inhabitants at the 2010 census, of whom 877,114 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Beilin District.[1]

Suihua

绥化市

Suihwa
Prefecture-level city
Suihua People's Square
Location of Suihua City (yellow) in Heilongjiang (light grey)
Suihua
Location of the city centre in Heilongjiang
Coordinates (Suihua municipal government): 46°39′14″N 126°58′08″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHeilongjiang
County-level divisions10
Municipal seatBeilin District
Government
 • TypePrefecture-level city
 • CPC Suihua SecretaryZhang Jingchuan (张晶川)
 • MayorWang Jinhui (王金会)
Area
 • Prefecture-level city34,964.17 km2 (13,499.74 sq mi)
 • Urban
2,756.4 km2 (1,064.3 sq mi)
 • Metro
2,756.4 km2 (1,064.3 sq mi)
Population
 (2010 census)
 • Prefecture-level city5,416,439
 • Density150/km2 (400/sq mi)
 • Urban
877,114
 • Urban density320/km2 (820/sq mi)
 • Metro
877,114
 • Metro density320/km2 (820/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
152000
Area code(s)0455
ISO 3166 codeCN-HL-12
Licence plates黑M
ClimateDwa
Websitewww.suihua.gov.cn
Suihua
"Suihua", as written in Chinese calligraphy
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese绥化
Traditional Chinese綏化
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᠰᡠᡳᡥᠠ
RomanizationSuiha
Russian name
RussianСуйхуа

Geography

Suihua is located in the northern part of the Songnen Plain, and situated in the central part of Heilongjiang Province. Bordering prefectures are:

  • Daqing (W)
  • Harbin (S)
  • Heihe (N)
  • Qiqihar (NW)
  • Yichun (E)

The city is located at latitude 45° 03′–48° 02′ N and longitude 124° 13′–128° 30' E. The total area of the city is 35,211 square kilometres (13,595 sq mi).

Transportation

The railway station of Suihua is located at the crossing of Taiping Road (太平路) and Beilin Road (北林路) in the eastern region of the city proper. The Harbin-Jiamusi Railway and the Harbin-Heihe Railway connect the city with Harbin, Jiamusi and several other cities in Heilongjiang Province. There are also buses to Daqing, Qiqihar and other cities in Heilongjiang.

Climate

Suihua has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with long, bitterly cold, but dry winters, and humid, very warm summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −20.9 °C (−5.6 °F) in January to 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 2.78 °C (37.0 °F). A majority of the annual precipitation occurs in July and August alone.

Climate data for Suihua (1971−2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 1.2
(34.2)		 8.0
(46.4)		 19.9
(67.8)		 29.5
(85.1)		 34.5
(94.1)		 38.3
(100.9)		 36.2
(97.2)		 35.5
(95.9)		 30.0
(86.0)		 24.8
(76.6)		 15.0
(59.0)		 4.3
(39.7)		 38.3
(100.9)
Average high °C (°F) −14.8
(5.4)		 −9.2
(15.4)		 1.0
(33.8)		 12.6
(54.7)		 20.6
(69.1)		 25.5
(77.9)		 27.3
(81.1)		 25.5
(77.9)		 19.8
(67.6)		 10.4
(50.7)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 −11.8
(10.8)		 8.8
(47.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −20.9
(−5.6)		 −15.9
(3.4)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 5.8
(42.4)		 13.8
(56.8)		 19.7
(67.5)		 22.3
(72.1)		 20.3
(68.5)		 13.6
(56.5)		 4.4
(39.9)		 −7.3
(18.9)		 −17.4
(0.7)		 2.8
(37.0)
Average low °C (°F) −26.6
(−15.9)		 −22.3
(−8.1)		 −11.5
(11.3)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 6.9
(44.4)		 14.1
(57.4)		 17.7
(63.9)		 15.5
(59.9)		 7.9
(46.2)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 −12.3
(9.9)		 −22.5
(−8.5)		 −2.9
(26.8)
Record low °C (°F) −41.8
(−43.2)		 −38.0
(−36.4)		 −29.7
(−21.5)		 −14.7
(5.5)		 −8.8
(16.2)		 3.2
(37.8)		 9.6
(49.3)		 5.0
(41.0)		 −5.7
(21.7)		 −17.7
(0.1)		 −30.6
(−23.1)		 −38.6
(−37.5)		 −41.8
(−43.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 3.0
(0.12)		 3.8
(0.15)		 8.1
(0.32)		 19.6
(0.77)		 41.6
(1.64)		 94.5
(3.72)		 163.5
(6.44)		 116.2
(4.57)		 63.3
(2.49)		 24.1
(0.95)		 8.0
(0.31)		 5.3
(0.21)		 551.0
(21.69)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 5.5 4.9 4.7 7.1 9.8 13.9 14.0 13.3 10.4 7.0 6.3 6.8 103.7
Source: Weather China

History
Stone Ornaments. Neolithic Age. Unearthed at Lianhuachi Site, Qing'an.

Suihua's history can be stretched back to over 10,000 years ago. Paleolithic Age stone tools were unearthed at Hailun and Zhaodong. Neolithic sites belong to the Ang'angxi Culture type were olso discovered at Anda. Sushen, the ancestors of the Manchu, inhabited in this region During the Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty. During the Yuan Dynasty, agriculture developed rapidly in Suihua.

Qing dynasty

From 1653, Suihua area was under the rule of Ningguta General. In 1683, the position of Heilongjiang General was established, Suihua was under the rule of Heilongjiang General. On November 20, 1885, the Directly Ruled Ting of Suihua (綏化直隸廳) was established at Beilin Tuanzi, a barren at that time. In 1905 it was redesigned as Suihua Fu (綏化府).[2]

Republic of China (1912–49)

In 1912, an army regiment was established in Suihua. The outbreak of plague caused 1683 deaths that year. In February 1913, 3000 brigands attacked the county seat, and was flattened by the garrison corps. In August 1917, in Suihua established the first telephone company. In July 1919, the 2nd High School of Heilongjiang Province was created. In February 1929, the county government was formally established.

In April 1932, the Japanese entered the city, resistance army led by Ma Zhanshan withdrew. The Manchuko county government was created on July 12, 1933. In December 1934, Suihua county was put under the administration of Binjiang Province. In 1939, the county was incorporated into Bei'an Province, and the county hospital was built. On July 28, 1941, Counter-Japanese United Army organized the National Salvation Society at Shuanghe, Wuying villages. The Manchu government ordered the peasants to supply military grain, and often faced heavy resistance. In 1943 the Suihua-Jiamusi railway was opened to traffic. The Soviets took the city on August 27, 1945, and Chen Lei was made the first County CPC secretary in November.

The land reform movement began in 1947. Many Suihua people joined the Chinese civil war, especially the Siping Campaign. On May 13, 1949, Suihua County Government was renamed Suihua People's Government.[3]

People's Republic of China (1949–present)

Suihua is approved to become a prefecture-level city in 1999, and officially designated a prefecture-level city on June 14, 2000.

Administrative divisions
Map including Suihua (labeled as 綏化 SUI-HUA (SUIHWA) (walled)) (AMS, 1955)
Map
Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2010 est.)		 Area (km2) Density (/km2)
Beilin District 北林区 Běilín Qū 877,114 2,756.4 318
Anda City 安达市 Āndá Shì 472,826 3,586.3 132
Zhaodong City 肇东市 Zhàodōng Shì 903,067 4,331.96 208
Hailun City 海伦市 Hǎilún Shì 769,437 4,667.26 165
Wangkui County 望奎县 Wàngkuí Xiàn 458,725 2,313.78 198
Lanxi County 兰西县 Lánxī Xiàn 424,562 2,499.35 170
Qinggang County 青冈县 Qīnggāng Xiàn 474,422 2,684.71 177
Qing'an County 庆安县 Qìng'ān Xiàn 386,162 5,468.7 71
Mingshui County 明水县 Míngshuǐ Xiàn 320,695 2,305.46 139
Suileng County 绥棱县 Suíléng Xiàn 331,343 4,350.25 76

Economy

As an agricultural production hub in Heilongjiang province,[4] Suihua's GDP has reached RMB 73.34 billion in 2010, an increase of 14.8 percent over the previous year.[5] To the city's GDP, the main contributors are the agricultural sector and service sector. Petrochemicals, textiles and machinery are some other pillar industries in Suihua. In 2015, Suihua had a GDP of RMB 127.22 billion.[6]

References
  1. 2010年绥化市第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报. Heilongjiang People's Government. 2011-05-13.
  2. 绥化地区地方志编纂委员会 (December 1995). 绥化地区志 上. Harbin: 黑龙江人民出版社 [Heilongjiang People's Press]. p. 119.
  3. Li Chengxiu (黎成修) (December 1986). 绥化县志 [Suihua County Almanac]. Harbin: 黑龙江人民出版社 [Heilongjiang People's Press]. pp. 7–12.
  4. Profiles of China Provinces, Cities and Industrial Parks
  5. 2010年绥化市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 (in Chinese). Heilongjiang Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 2011-12-31.
  6. 2015年黑龙江各市GDP和人均GDP排名. 排行榜. 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
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