Taglish

Taglish or Englog is code-switching in the use of English and Tagalog, the most common languages of the Philippines. The words Taglish and Englog are portmanteaus of the words Tagalog and English. The earliest use of the word Taglish dates back to 1973, while the less common form Tanglish is recorded from 1999.[1]

Not to be confused with Tanglish or Tagish language.

Taglish is widely used in the Philippines, but is also used by Filipinos in overseas communities. It also has several variants, including Coño English, Jejenese and Swardspeak.

Characteristics

Taglish is a manner of speaking in Manila involving the mixing of English and Tagalog together. [2][3][4] However, this practice has spread to other areas where both English and Tagalog are spoken. Next to switching between sentences in "pure" Tagalog and English, Taglish speech especially consists of sentences that follow the rules of Tagalog grammar with Tagalog syntax and morphology, but that employ English nouns and verbs in place of their Tagalog counterparts. Examples:

English Tagalog Taglish / Englog
Could you explain it to me? Maaaring ipaunawà mo sa akin. Maaaring i-explain mo sa akin.
Could you shed light on it for me? Pakipaliwanag mo sa akin. Paki-explain mo sa akin.
Have you finished your homework? Natapos mo na ba ang iyong takdáng-aralín? Tapos na ba yung homework mo?
Please call the driver. Pakitawag ang tsuper. Pakitawag ang driver.

English verbs and even some nouns can be employed as Tagalog verb roots. This is done by the addition of one or more prefixes or infixes and by the doubling of the first sound of the starting form of the noun or verb.

The English verb drive can be changed to the Tagalog word magda-drive meaning will drive (used in place of the Tagalog word magmamaneho). The English noun Internet can also be changed to the Tagalog word nag-Internet meaning have used the Internet.

Taglish also uses sentences of mixed English or Tagalog words and phrases. The conjunctions used to connect them can come from any of the two. Some examples include:

English Tagalog Taglish / Englog
I will shop at the mall later. Bibilí ako sa pámilihan mámayâ. Magsya-shopping ako sa mall mámayâ.
Have you printed the report? Nailathala mo na ba ang ulat? Na-print mo na ba ang report?
Please turn on the aircon. Pakibuksán yung erkon. Pakibuksan yung aircon.
Take the LRT to school. Mag-tren ka papuntáng paaralán. Mag-LRT ka papuntáng school.
I cannot relate to the topic of his lecture. Hindi akó makaintindí sa paksâ ng talumpatì niya. Hindi akó maka-relate sa topic ng lecture niya.[5]
Could you fax your estimate tomorrow. Pakipadalá na lang ng pagtayà mo sa akin bukas. Paki-fax na lang ng estimate mo sa akin bukas.[5]
Eat now or else you will not get fat. Kumain ka na ngayon kundi Hindi ka tátabâ. Eat now or else Hindi ka tátabâ.[6]

Because of its informal nature, experts of English and Tagalog discourage its use.[7][8][9][10]

There are examples of modern books in Taglish: the adventure novel Bullet With A Name (2018) by Kirsten Nimwey,[11] the love novel Aeternum Dream (2018) by Harkin Deximire,[12][13] and more.

Forms

Swardspeak

Swardspeak is a kind of Taglish/Englog used by the bakla demographic of the Philippines. It is a form of slang that uses words and terms from Tagalog, English, Spanish, Cebuano and Hiligaynon as well as Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Sanskrit, and several other languages. Names of celebrities, fictional characters, and trademarks are also used.[14][15]

Coño English

Coño English (Tagalog: Konyo) or Colegiala English (Spanish: [/koleˈxjala/]) is a creole of Taglish/Englog that originated from the younger generations of rich families in Manila.[16] The word coño itself came from the Spanish word coño. It is a form of Philippine English that has mixed Spanish, English, and Tagalog words.

The most common aspect of Coño English is the building of verbs by using the English word make with the base form of a Tagalog action word:

English Tagalog Coño English
Let's skewer the fishballs. Tusukin natin ang mga pishbol. Let's tusok-tusok the fishballs.[5]
Tell me the story of what happened... Ikuwento mo sa akin kung ano ang nangyari... Make kuwento to me what happened...

And adding conjunction word like so before using a Tagalog adjective to finish the sentence. Examples:

English Tagalog Coño English
He stinks! Ang baho niya! He's like so mabaho!
We were all annoyed with him. Kinaiinisan namin siya. We're like so inis sa kaniya!

Sometimes, Tagalog interjections such as ano, naman, pa, na (or nah), no (or noh), a (or ha), e (or eh), and o (or oh) are placed to add emphasis.

No and a (from the Tagalog word ano) are used for questions and are added only to the end of a sentence. Ano (meaning what) is also used for questions and is placed in the front or the end.

E (added to answers to questions) and o (for statements) are used for exclamations and are added to the front only. Pa (meaning not yet, not yet done, to continue, or still) and na (meaning now, already, or already done) can be placed in the middle or end. Naman (the same as na but mostly only for emphasus) is placed anywhere.

The interjection no? (equal to the Spanish ¿no? and the German nicht?) is pronounced as /no/ or /nɔ/, with a pure vowel instead of the English glide, which shows influence from Spanish.

English Tagalog Coño English
I feel so hot already; please fan me now. Naiinitan na ako; paypayan mo naman ako. I'm so init na; please paypay me naman.
You wait here while I fetch my friend, all right? Hintayin mo ako habang sinusundo ko ang kaibigan ko, a? You make hintay here while I make sundo my friend, a?
What, you will still eat that apple after it already fell on the floor? Ano, kakainin mo pa ang mansanas na'yan matapos mahulog na iyan sa sahig? Ano, you will make kain pa that apple after it made hulog na on the sahig?

English adjectives are often replaced with Tagalog verbs. The language also has many Spanish words like baño ("bathroom"), tostado ("toasted") and jamón ("ham").

English Tagalog Coño English
They're so competent! Magaling sila! They're so galing!
Where's the bathroom? Nasaan ang palikuran? Where's the baño?
Keep my ham on the grill. Itago mo lang ang hamon ko sa ihawan. Make tago my jamón on the grill.
I want my ham toasted. Gusto kong tostado ang hamon ko. I want my jamón tostado.

The feminine sound of Coño English makes male speakers sometimes overuse the Tagalog word pare (which means "pal" or "buddy") to make it sound more masculine. Sometimes tsong (same meaning) is used instead of pare or with it:

English Tagalog Coño English
Dude, he's so unreliable. Pare, ang labo niya. Pare, he's so malabo, pare.
Dude, he's so unreliable. Tsong, ang labo niya. Tsong, he's so malabo, tsong.

See also

References
  1. Lambert, James. 2018. A multitude of 'lishes': The nomenclature of hybridity. English World-wide, 39(1): 31. DOI: 10.1075/eww.38.3.04lam
  2. "The Globalization of English". WebProNews. Archived from the original on 2007-12-30. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  3. Virgilio S. Almario. Wikang Taglish, Kamulatang Taglish.
  4. PAGASA VOWS : No more jargon, just plain 'Taglish,' in weather reports. The Philippine Daily Inquirer. March 23, 2011.
  5. "Taglish is not the enemy". October 30, 2006 12:00 AM. The Philippine Star.
  6. "Experts discourage use of 'Taglish'" Archived 2015-02-11 at the Wayback Machine. The Philippine Daily Inquirer. 20:58:00 11/04/2009
  7. "Tagalog, English, or Taglish?". Manila Bulletin. March 20, 2005
  8. "Filipino English, not Taglish". Manila Bulletin. September 7, 2004.
  9. "Stop using 'Taglish,' teachers, students told". Manila Bulletin. June 1, 2006.
  10. "Manila Journal; Land of 100 Tongues, but Not a Single Language". The New York Times. Published: December 02, 1987.
  11. Nimwey, Kirsten (2018-04-15). Bullet With A Name (in Tagalog). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 302. ISBN 9781982011222.
  12. Deximire, Harkin (2018-07-12). Aeternum Dream (in Tagalog). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 372. ISBN 9781718940918.
  13. "Aeternum Dream (Second Book)". DeviantArt. Retrieved 2018-11-14.
  14. "Gayspeak: Not for gays only". Philippine Online Chronicles. 30 April 2010. Archived from the original on 1 December 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
  15. "GAY LANGUAGE: DEFYING THE STRUCTURAL LIMITS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE PHILIPPINES". Kritika Kultura, Issue 11. August 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-03-24. Retrieved 25 December 2010.
  16. The Routledge concise history of Southeast Asian writing in English. Routledge. 2010. New York City.
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