Aklanon language

Aklanon (Akeanon), also known as Aklan, is an Austronesian language of the Bisayan subgroup spoken by the Aklanon people in the province of Aklan on the island of Panay in the Philippines. Its unique feature among other Bisayan languages is the close-mid back unrounded vowel [ɤ] occurring as part of diphthongs and traditionally written with the letter ⟨Ee⟩ such as in the autonyms Akean and Akeanon. However, this phoneme is also present in other but geographically scattered and distant Philippine languages, namely Itbayat, Isneg, Manobo, Samal and Sagada.[3]

Aklanon
Aklan
Akeanon
Binisaya nga Akeanon
Inakeanon
Native toPhilippines
RegionAklan and some parts of northwestern Capiz
EthnicityAklanon
Native speakers
460,000 (2000 census, Aklan proper)[1]
(Malaynon unknown: 8,500 cited 1973)
Dialects
  • Aklanon, Malaynon
Latin;
Historically Baybayin
Official status
Official language in
Regional language in the Philippines
Regulated byKomisyon sa Wikang Filipino
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
akl – Aklanon [2]
mlz – Malaynon
Glottologakla1240  Aklan
Area where Aklanon is spoken

The Malaynon dialect is 93% lexically similar to Aklanon and retained the "l" sounds, which elsewhere are often pronounced as "r".[4]

Ibayjanon (Ibajaynon) dialect has shortened versions of Aklanon words.

Phonology

Aklanon has 21 phonemes. There are 17 consonants: p, t, k, b, d, g, m, n, ng, s, h, l, r, w, y, the glottal stop ʔ, and a distinct phoneme argued by Zorc (2005) to be a close-mid back unrounded vowel [ɤ]. There are five vowels, with the three native i, a, and u, which is a typical for a Bisayan vowel inventory, and the additional e and o for loanwords and common nouns.[3]

Vowels
Table of vowel phonemes of Aklanon
Front Central Back
Unrounded Rounded
Close i u
Mid ɛ ɤ o
Open ɐ

Consonants
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palato-aveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Stop p b t d k g ʔ
Affricate (t͡s) (d͡z) (t͡ʃ) (d͡ʒ)
Fricative s (z) (ʃ) ɣ ? h
Approximant l j w
Flap ɾ

Common phrases
AkeanonMalaynonEnglish
HayHayHi/Hello
Mayad-ayad nga agahonMayad nga agahonGood morning
Mayad-ayad nga haponMayad nga haponGood afternoon
Mayad-ayad nga gabi-iMayad nga gab-iGood night
Mayad-ayad nga adlawMayad nga adlawGood day
SaeamatSalamatThanks
Mayad manMayad manI am fine
PangabayPangabayPlease
Hu-oHu-oYes
Bukon/Ayaw/IndiBukon/IndiNo
OwaOwaNone
Paalin?Paano?How?
Hin-uno?San-o?When?
SiinDiinWhere?
Sin-oSin-oWho?
Ano?Ano?What?
Alin?Alin?Which?
Ham-an?Basi?Why?
Kamusta ka eon?Kamusta ka ron?How are you?
Ano ing pangaean?Ano imong pangalan?What is your name?
Siin ka gaadto?Sa diin ‘kaw maadto?Where are you going?
Hin-uno ka gapanaw?San-o ‘kaw mapanaw?When are you leaving?
Anong oras eon?Anong oras ron?What time is it?
Tig-pila ea?Tig-pila ya?How much is this?
Bak-eon ko rayaBaklon ko yaI will buy this
Kagwapa ka gid-ingGwapa ’kawYou are beautiful
Kagwapo ka gid-ingGwapo ’kawYou are handsome
Kabuot ka gid-ingBuot ’kawYou are kind
Maalam ka gid-ingAlam ’kawYou are smart
Ta eonDali ronLet's go
DaliaBakasaHurry up
Balik eon kitaBalik 'ta ronLet's go back
Owa ako naka eobotUwa ko kalubotI do not understand
Owa ako naka sayodUwa ko kasayudI do not know
Gusto ko ro maeamig nga tubiIla ko it lamig nga tubiI'd like cold water
Gutom eon akoGutom ron koI am hungry
Taeon ma kaonKaon taLet's eat
Kanami eo pagkaonNami ang pagkaonThe food is delicious
Owa ako't kwartaWa ako it kuartaI have no money
Kaumangon kat ingUmang ’kawYou are crazy
Gahinibayag ka gid-ingGakadlaw ’kawYou are laughing
Magamit ko it banyoPagamit ko it banyoI need to use the toilet
Mapanaw eon kitaPanaw ta ronWe are going
Si-in dapit ing baeay?Sa diin imong balay?Where is your house located?
Si-in ka gatinir?Sa diin ‘kaw gauli?Where are you staying?
Mag dahan kaDahan ‘kawTake care

[5]

Philippine National Proverb:

"Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan." (Tagalog)

"Ro uwa' gatan-aw sa anang ginhalinan hay indi makaabut sa anang ginapaeangpan." (Akeanon)

"Ang di kausoy magbalikid sa anang ginhalinan hay indi makaabut sa anang ginaayanan." (Malaynon)

"Ang indi makahibalo magbalikid sang iya ginhalinan, indi makaabot sa iya padulungan." (Hiligaynon)

"He who does not look back where he came from, will never reach his destination." (English)

Numbers
Number Akeanon/Malaynon Hiligaynon Tagalog English
1 Isaea Isá Isa One
2 Daywa Duhá Dalawa Two
3 Tatlo Tátlo Tatlo Three
4 Ap-at Ápat Apat Four
5 Li-má Limá Lima Five
6 An-om Ánum Anim Six
7 Pitó Pitó Pito Seven
8 Waeo/Walo Waló Walo Eight
9 Siyám Siyám Siyam Nine
10 Púeo/Pulo Pulò/Napulò Sampu Ten

Literature

Note: All these poems were written by Melchor F. Cichon, an Aklanon poet.

  • Ambeth. Philippine Panorama, August 14, 1994.
  • Emergency Room. The Aklan Reporter, December 7, 1994, p. 10
  • Eva, Si Adan! (Finalist Sa Unang Premyo Openiano A. Italia Competition, January 1993, Duenas, Iloilo)
  • Ham-at Madueom Ro Gabii Inay? Philippine Panorama, March 27, 1994, p. 29. (First Aklanon poem published in the Phil. Pan.) Also in The Aklan Reporter, April 6, 1994, p. 8.
  • Hin-uno Pa. The Aklan Reporter, February 23, 1994, p. 8. Also in Ani December 1993, p. 44
  • Inay. Philippine Collegian, October 4, 1973, p. 3 (First Aklanon poem in the Philippine Collegian)
  • Limog sa Idaeom. Ani December 1993, p. 48
  • Mamunit Ako Inay. The Aklan Reporter, December 28, 1994, p. 10
  • Manog-Uling. The Aklan Reporter July 29, 1992, p. 9. Also in Ani December 1993, p. 50
  • Owa't Kaso, Saeamat. Mantala 3:97 2000
  • Ro Bantay. The Aklan Reporter, September 6, 1995, p. 7
  • Competition, March 13, 1998, UPV Auditorium, Iloilo City
  • Sa Pilapil It Tangke. Ani December 1994, p. 46
  • Toto, Pumailaya Ka. Pagbutlak (First Aklanon in Pagbutlak)
  • Welga. Mantala 3:99 2000

Learning resources
  • "Five-language Dictionary (Panay Island)" ISBN 971-9023-25-2, 2003 Roman dela Cruz Kalibo, Aklan
  • "A study of the Aklanon dialect" / Authors: Beato A. de la Cruz, R. David Paul Zorc, Vicente Salas Reyes, & Nicolas L. Prado; Public Domain 1968-1969; Kalibo, Aklan
    • "Vol.I Grammar" Smithsonian Institution Libraries call# 39088000201871 (Full text on ERIC)
    • 'Vol.II A Dictionary (of root words and derivations) Aklanon to English" Smithsonian Institution Libraries call# 39088000201889 (Full text on ERIC)
  • "The functions of ‘hay’ in Aklanon narrative discourse". 1990. Brainard, Sherri and Poul Jensen.
  • "A preliminary study of demonstratives in Aklanon narratives". 1992. Jensen, Kristine and Rodolfo R. Barlaan.

References
  1. Inakeanon at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Malaynon at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. "Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: akl". ISO 639-3 Registration Authority – SIL International. Retrieved 2017-07-06. Name: Aklanon
  3. Beato A. de la Cruz; R. David Paul Zorc (1968). A Study of the Aklanon Dialect. Volume 1: Grammar (PDF). Washington, DC: Peace Corps.
  4. "Malaynon, A language of the Philippines". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 5 January 2008. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  5. "The Philippine National Proverb". Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
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