Old Tagalog

Old Tagalog (Tagalog: Lumang Tagalog; Baybayin: pre-virama: ᜎᜓᜋ ᜆᜄᜎᜓ, post-virama [krus kudlit]: ᜎᜓᜋᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔; post-virama [pamudpod]: ᜎᜓᜋᜅ᜴ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜴), is the earliest form of the Tagalog language during the Classical period. It is the primary language of pre-colonial Tondo, Namayan and Maynila. The language originated from the Proto-Philippine language and evolved to Classical Tagalog, which was the basis for Modern Tagalog. Old Tagalog uses the Tagalog script or Baybayin, one of the scripts indigenous to the Philippines.

Old Tagalog
ᜎᜓᜋᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔
Lumang Tagalog
RegionPhilippines, particularly Southern Tagalog (Calabarzon and Mimaropa)
Era10th century AD (developed into Classical Tagalog in c. 16th century)
Baybayin
Kawi script
Language codes
ISO 639-3–

Etymology
Main article: Tagalog language

The word Tagalog is derived from the endonym ᜆᜄ ᜁᜎᜓᜄ᜔ (taga-ilog, "river dweller"), composed of ᜆᜄ (tagá-, "native of" or "from") and ᜁᜎᜓᜄ᜔ (ílog, "river"). Very little is known about the ancient history of the language; linguists such as David Zorc and Robert Blust speculate that the Tagalogs and other Central Philippine ethno-linguistic groups had originated in Northeastern Mindanao or the Eastern Visayas.[1][2]

History
The Baybayin script, used to write in Tagalog prior to the arrival of the Spanish in 16th century.

Old Tagalog is one of the Central Philippine languages, which evolved from the Proto-Philippine language, which comes from the Austronesian peoples who settled in the Philippines around 2200 BC.[3]

The early history of the Tagalog language remains relatively obscure, and a number of theories exist as to the exact origins of the Tagalog peoples and their language. Scholars such as Robert Blust suggest that the Tagalogs originated in northeastern Mindanao or the eastern Visayas.[4] Possible words of Old Tagalog origin are attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription from the 10th century, which is largely written in Old Malay.[5] The first known complete book to be written in Tagalog is the Doctrina Christiana (Christian Doctrine), printed in 1593. The book also used Baybayin script.[6]

The question has been raised about the origin of some words in the various languages of the Philippines and their possible connection to ancient Buddhist and Hindu culture in the region, as the language is influenced by Sanskrit, Malay, Tamil and Chinese.[7][8]

Writing system
Main article: Baybayin

Old Tagalog was written in Baybayin, a writing system formerly used in the Philippines which belongs to the Brahmic family of scripts.

vowels
᜔
a ᜀ
i
e		 ᜁ
u
o		 ᜂ
b
/b/ ᜊ᜔
ba ᜊ
bi
be		 ᜊᜒ
bu
bo		 ᜊᜓ
k
/k/ ᜃ᜔
ka ᜃ
ki
ke		 ᜃᜒ
ku
ko		 ᜃᜓᜓ
d/r
/d/ /r/ ᜇ᜔
da/ra ᜇ
di/ri
de/re		 ᜇᜒ
du/ru
do/ro		 ᜇᜓ
g
/g/ ᜄ᜔
ga ᜄ
gi
ge		 ᜄᜒ
gu
go		 ᜄᜓ
h
/h/ ᜑ᜔
ha ᜑ
hi
he		 ᜑᜒ
hu
ho		 ᜑᜓ
l
/l/ ᜎ᜔
la ᜎ
li
le		 ᜎᜒ
lu
lo		 ᜎᜓ
m
/m/ ᜋ᜔
ma ᜋ
mi
me		 ᜋᜒ
mu
mo		 ᜋᜓ
n
/n/ ᜈ᜔
na ᜈ
ni
ne		 ᜈᜒ
nu
no		 ᜈᜓ
ng
/ŋ/ ᜅ᜔
nga ᜅ
ngi
nge		 ᜅᜒ
ngu
ngo		 ᜅᜓ
p
/p/ ᜉ᜔
pa ᜉ
pi
pe		 ᜉᜒ
pu
po		 ᜉᜓ
s
/s/ ᜐ᜔
sa ᜐ
si
se		 ᜐᜒ
su
so		 ᜐᜓ
t
/t/ ᜆ᜔
ta ᜆ
ti
te		 ᜆᜒ
tu
to		 ᜆᜓ
w
/w/ ᜏ᜔
wa ᜏ
wi
we		 ᜏᜒ
wu
wo		 ᜏᜓ
y
/j/ ᜌ᜔
ya ᜌ
yi
ye		 ᜌᜒ
yu
yo		 ᜌᜓ

Phonology
Old Tagalog Vowels
Height Front Central Back
Close i /i/ u /u/
Open a /a/
Table of consonant phonemes of Old Tagalog
Labial Dental/
Alveolar		 Postalveolar/
Palatal		 Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop p b t d tʃ dʒ k ɡ ʔ
Fricative s ʃ h
Tap ɾ
Approximant l j w

Vocabulary
  • The words and sentences of Old Tagalog are the roots of the Modern Tagalog language. Some of the words and sentences have evolved over time (like the word Babuy or Pig, which became Baboy in modern Tagalog), but some of the words in Old Tagalog (like Hari or King), have survived and are in common use in Modern Tagalog.

See also

References
  1. Zorc, David. 1977. The Bisayan Dialects of the Philippines: Subgrouping and Reconstruction. Pacific Linguistics C.44. Canberra: The Australian National University
  2. Blust, Robert. 1991. The Greater Central Philippines hypothesis. Oceanic Linguistics 30:73–129
  3. Mijares, Armand Salvador B. (2006). "The Early Austronesian Migration To Luzon: Perspectives From The Peñablanca Cave Sites". Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association (26): 72–78. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014.
  4. Blust, Robert (1991). "The Greater Central Philippines Hypothesis". Oceanic Linguistics. 30 (2): 73–129. doi:10.2307/3623084. JSTOR 3623084.
  5. Postma, Antoon. (1992). The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary. Philippine Studies vol. 40, no. 2:183–203
  6. Zorc, David. 1977. The Bisayan Dialects of the Philippines: Subgrouping and Reconstruction. Pacific Linguistics C.44. Canberra: The Australian National University
  7. "Indian Origins of Filipino Customs". Vedic Empire. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
  8. "The Indian in the Filipino - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos". Globalnation.inquirer.net. Archived from the original on 2015-06-21. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
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