Tamil inscriptions

This is a list of archaeological artefacts and epigraphs which have Tamil inscriptions. Of the approximately 100,000 inscriptions found by the Archaeological Survey of India (2005 report) in India, about 60,000 were in Tamil Nadu[1]

3rd century BCE Tamizh inscription of Mangulam
1st century BCE. Tamizh inscription found in Jambai village, Tamil Nadu
Stone beds with Tamizh script inscriptions of Jain saints in Sittanavasal, Pudukkottai District, 1st century BCE
1st Century BCE. Silver Ring From Karur, Tamil Nadu with Personal Name "Peravatan" in Tamizh script

Ancient Tamil Epigraphy

6th century BCE

5th century BCE

The Tamizh script on the black and red, four-cm-long ‘thangi’ read ‘thavan sathan’, which meant meditating hermit

4th century BCE

3rd century BCE

There are five caves in the hill of which six inscriptions are found in four caves.[20] These were inscribed during Sangam period, hence it is considered as one of the important inscriptions in Tamil Nadu.[21] The inscriptions mentions that workers of Nedunchezhiyan I, a Pandyan king of Sangam period, (c. 270 BCE) made stone beds for Jain monks. It further details the name of worker for whom he made stone bed. For example, an inscription shows that Kadalan Vazhuthi, a worker of Nedunchezhiyan made stone bed to Jain monk Nanda Sirikuvan.[22] It is one of the protected monuments in Tamil Nadu by the Archaeological Survey of India.[23]

2nd century BCE

The inscription has been deciphered as "Kurummangala Athan yi Yanai Po"

It reads as "Peru Thorur Kunra Ko Ayam" or "Peru Tho Ur Uzhithegne Ayam" or "Peru Te Rur Kuzhiththai Ayam"

1st century BCE

It reads "Satiyaputo Atiyan Nedumaan Anjji itta Paali", In (Tamil: ஸதியபுதோ அதியந் நெடுமாந் அஞ்சி ஈத்த பாழி).[35] The meaning of the epigraph may be rendered as "The abode (pali) given by (itta) Atiyan Nedumaan Anji (name), the Satyaputra (title)". Though the record is a short one in a single line, it throws valuable light on various aspects of South Indian history. The inscription clears the doubt about the identity of the Satyaputras, a dynasty of rulers, mentioned in Ashoka's inscriptions in the 3rd century BCE[36]

  • A broken storage jar with inscriptions in Tamizh script in Quseir-al-Qadim, (Leukos Limen) Egypt, 1st century BCE. Two earlier Tamizh inscription discoveries at the same site, 1st century BCE.[37]

The inscribed text is 𑀧𑀸𑀦𑁃 𑀑𑀶𑀺 paanai oRi "pot suspended in a rope net" (which would be பானை ஒறி in the modern Tamil script)[38]

it reads as "Muu-na-ka-ra" and "Muu-ca-ka-ti"

It reads as "Eruminatu kumul-ur piranta kavuti-i tenku-cirupocil ilayar ceyta atit-anam"

See also

References

  1. Staff Reporter (22 November 2005). "Students get glimpse of heritage". Chennai, India: The Hindu. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
  2. Chandar, B. Tilak (5 April 2019). "Adichanallur site belongs to a period between 905 and 696 BC". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  3. "The ghosts of Adichanallur: Artefacts that suggest an ancient Tamil civilisation of great sophistication". The Hindu. 13 January 2018.
  4. "Rudimentary Tamil-Brahmi script' unearthed at Adichanallur". The Hindu. 17 February 2005.
  5. "Sangam civilisation older than thought, says new report". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  6. Jesudasan, Dennis S. (20 September 2019). "Keezhadi excavations: Sangam era older than previously thought, finds study". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  7. Rajan, K (2008), "Situating the Beginning of Early Historic Times in Tamil Nadu: Some Issues and Reflections", Social Scientist, 36 (1/2): 40–78
  8. Mahadevan, Iravatham (2002). "Aryan or Dravidian or Neither? – A Study of Recent Attempts to Decipher the Indus Script (1995–2000)". Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 8 (1). Archived from the original on 23 July 2007.
  9. Roger D. Gwen Robbins Schug, Subhash R. Walimbe (2016). A Companion to South Asia in the Past. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 311. ISBN 978-1-119-05548-8.
  10. K. Rajan (2014). Iron Age - Early Historic Transition in South India (PDF). Institute of Archaeology. p. 9.
  11. Kishore, Kavita (15 October 2011). "Porunthal excavations prove existence of Indian scripts in 5th century BC: expert". THE HINDU. Chennai, India.
  12. Subramanian, T.S. (20 May 2013). "Tamil Brahmi script dating to 500 BC found near Erode at Kodumanal near Chennimalai". The newindianexpress. Chennai, India.
  13. http://www.tnarch.gov.in/sitemus/mus11.htm
  14. "Tamil Brahmi letters found in archaeological exploration". Deccan Chronicle. 2 November 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  15. "Megalithic site discovered near Thadagam". The Hindu. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  16. Marine archaeological explorations of Tranquebar-Poompuhar region on Tamil Nadu coast, Rao, S.R.. Journal of Marine Archaeology, Vol. II, July 1991. Available online at
  17. John D. Bengtson (January 2008). In Hot Pursuit of Language in Prehistory: Essays in the Four Fields of Anthropology : in Honor of Harold Crane Fleming. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 427–. ISBN 978-90-272-3252-6.
  18. Iravatham Mahadevan (2003). Early Tamil epigraphy from the earliest times to the sixth century A.D. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01227-1.
  19. R. Umamaheshwari (2018). Reading History with the Tamil Jainas: A Study on Identity, Memory and Marginalisation. Springer. p. 43. ISBN 978-81-322-3756-3.
  20. https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Jaina-treasure-trove-in-Mankulam-village/article16343571.ece
  21. "An epigraphic perspective on the antiquity of Tamil". The Hindu. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
  22. "மாங்குளம் தமிழ்க் கல்வெட்டுக்கள்" (in Tamil). Tamil Virtual University. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
  23. "Protected Monuments in Tamil Nadu". Archaeological Survey of India. Retrieved 25 February 2014. S. No.8 — Ovamalai Kalvettu (inscriptions)
  24. http://www.tnarch.gov.in/excavation/kov.htm
  25. Approval needed for excavation The Hindu, 28 February 2013
  26. http://www.tnarch.gov.in/excavation/kor.htm
  27. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/3rd-century-BC-inscription-discovered/articleshow/179977.cms
  28. https://www.thehindu.com/2003/09/15/stories/2003091503060500.htm
  29. Thenur gold treasure found four years ago is 2300 years' old, recent study reveals
  30. S. Krishnarajah (2004). University of Jaffna. Archaeology Department
  31. Thiagarajah, Siva (2010). "The people and cultures of prehistoric Sri Lanka – Part Three". The Sri Lanka Guardian. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  32. http://www.tnarch.gov.in/excavation/man.htm
  33. 2,200-year-old Tamil-Brahmi inscription found on Samanamalai. The Hindu (2012-03-24). Retrieved on 2013-07-28.
  34. Mahadevan 2003, p. 48
  35. K. Selvaraj, "Jambai oru aayvu", State Department of Archeology, Chennai
  36. http://tamilartsacademy.com/books/roman%20karur/chapter13.html
  37. "Tamil Brahmi script in Egypt". The Hindu. 21 November 2007. Retrieved 6 December 2007.
  38. Tamil Inscriptions Archived 2013-01-17 at Archive.today. Archaeologyindia.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-28.
  39. . The Hindu (2012-03-24)
  40. Subramanian, T. S. (14 February 2013). "Tamil-Brahmi script discovered on Tirupparankundram hill". THEHINDU. Chennai, India.
  41. http://www.tnarch.gov.in/epi/ins1.htm
  42. Subramaniam, T. S. (1 May 2006). "From Indus Valley to coastal Tamil Nadu". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  43. http://www.tnarch.gov.in/excavation/Sembiankandiyur.htm
  44. http://www.tnarch.gov.in/excavation/ala.htm
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